2021届高考英语短文故事精读与语法填空训练（二十九）含答案.doc

1、2021 高考英语高考英语短文故事精读与语法填空短文故事精读与语法填空训练（训练（二十九二十九） 一：语法填空训练一：语法填空训练 Patterns of culture 文化的模式文化的模式 Custom has not commonly been (regard) as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of (think), is behav

2、ior at its most commonplace. As matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of (detail) behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant. Yet that is rather trivial aspect of the matte

3、r. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great (variety)it may manifest. No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in hi

4、s philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes; (he) very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all (serious)that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual, as against any w

5、ay in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are ( take)up into the vernacular of his family. When one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonom

6、ously, the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his ( born), the customs into which he is born shape

7、his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities. Every child that is born into his group will

8、share them him, and no child born into one on the opposite side of the globe can ever achieve the thousandth part. There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom. Until we are intelligent as to its laws and ( variety), the main complicating fact

9、s of human life must remain unintelligible. The study of custom can be profitable only after certain preliminary propositions have been (accept), and some of these propositions have been violently opposed. In the first place, any scientific study requires that there be no preferential weighting of o

10、ne or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration. In all the less controversial ( field), like the study of cacti or termites or the nature of nebulae, the necessary method of study is to group the relevant material and to take note of all possible variant forms and conditio

11、ns. In this way, we have learned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of the ( society) insects, let us say. It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization. Anthropology was

12、by definition (possible), as long as these distinctions between ourselves and the primitive, ourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held sway over peoples (mind). It was necessary first to arrive at that degree of sophistication where we no longer set our own belief against our neighb

13、ors superstition. It was necessary to recognize these institutions which are based the same premises, let us say the supernatural, must be considered together, our own among the rest. 二：词句短语长难句释义二：词句短语长难句释义 Patterns of culture 文化的模式文化的模式 Custom has not commonly been r re eg ga ar rd de ed d a as s a

14、 subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. A As s a a mma at tt te er r o of f f fa ac ct t, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the w

15、orld over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, n no o mma at tt te er r h ho ow w aberrant. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of f fi ir rs st t- -r ra at te e i immp po or rt ta an nc ce e is the p

16、redominant role that custom plays i in n e ex xp pe er ri ie en nc ce e and i in n b be el li ie ef f, and the very great varieties it may manifest. No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it e ed di it te ed d b by y a definite set of customs and institutions and w wa ay ys s o o

17、f f t th hi in nk ki in ng g. Even in his philosophical probings he cannot g go o b be eh hi in nd d these stereotypes; his very c co on nc ce ep pt ts s o of f the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the par

18、t played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are t ta ak ke en n u up p into the vernacular of his family. Wh

19、en one seriously studies the social orders that have h ha ad d t th he e o op pp po or rt tu un ni it ty y to develop autonomously, the figure becomes n no o mmo or re e t th ha an n an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is f fi ir rs st t a an nd d f fo or re e

20、mmo os st t an accommodation to the patterns and standards traditionally h ha an nd de ed d d do ow wn n in his community. From the moment of his birth, the customs into which he is born s sh ha ap pe e h hi is s e ex xp pe er ri ie en nc ce e a an nd d b be eh ha av vi io or r. B By y t th he e t t

21、i imme e he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to t ta ak ke e p pa ar rt t i in n its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities. Every child that is b bo or rn n i in nt to o his grou

22、p will share them with him, and no child born into one on the opposite side of the globe can ever achieve the thousandth part. There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom. Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties, the main compli

23、cating facts of human life must remain unintelligible. T Th he e s st tu ud dy y o of f c cu us st to omm c ca an n b be e p pr ro of fi it ta ab bl le e o on nl ly y a af ft te er r certain preliminary propositions have been accepted, and some of these propositions have been violently opposed. I In

24、 n t th he e f fi ir rs st t p pl la ac ce e, any scientific study requires that there be no preferential weighting of one or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration. In all the less controversial fields, like the study of cacti or termites or the nature of nebulae, the n

25、ecessary method of study is to group the relevant material and to take note of all possible variant forms and conditions. I In n t th hi is s w wa ay y, we have learned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of the social insects, let us say. I It t i is s o on nl ly y i in n t

26、th he e s st tu ud dy y o of f mma an n h hi imms se el lf f t th ha at t the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization. Anthropology was by definition impossible, a as s l lo on ng g a as s these distinctions between ourselves and the prim

27、itive, ourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, h he el ld d s sw wa ay y o ov ve er r p pe eo op pl le e s s mmi in nd ds s. I It t w wa as s n ne ec ce es ss sa ar ry y f fi ir rs st t t to o a ar rr ri iv ve e a at t that degree of sophistication where we no longer set our own belief

28、 against our neighbors superstition. It was necessary to recognize that these institutions which are b ba as se ed d o on n the same premises, let us say the supernatural, must be considered together, our own among the rest. 1：将标记的词汇短语释义：将标记的词汇短语释义 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

29、16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 2：长难句分析释义：长难句分析释义 三：文意梳理三：文意梳理 风俗一般未被认为是什么重要的课题。我们觉得，只有我们大脑内部的活动 情况才值得研究

30、，至于风俗呢，只是些司空见惯的行为而已。事实上，情况正好 相反。从世界范围来看，传统风俗是由许多细节性的习惯行为组成，它比任何个 人养成的行为都更加引人注目，不管个人行为多么异常。这只是问题的一个次要 的侧面。最重要的是，风俗在实践中和信仰上所起的举足轻重的作用，以及它所 表现出来的极其丰富多采的形式。 没有一个人是用纯洁而无偏见的眼光看待世界。 人们所看到的是一个受特定 的风俗习惯、制度和思想方式剪辑过的世界。甚至在哲学领域的探索中，人们也 无法超越这些定型的框框。人们关于真与伪的概念依然和特定的传统风俗有关。 约翰 杜威曾经非常严肃地指出：风俗在形成个人行为方面所起的作用和一个人 对风俗的

31、任何影响相比， 就好像他本国语言的总词汇量和自己咿呀学语时他家庭 所接纳的他的词汇量之比。当一个人认真地研究自发形成的社会秩序时，杜威的 比喻就是他实事求是观察得来的形象化的说法。 个人的生活史首先就是适应他的 社团世代相传形成的生活方式和准则。从他呱呱坠地的时刻起，他所生于其中的 风俗就开始塑造他的经历和行为规范。到他会说话时，他就是传统文化塑造的一 个小孩子了；等他长大了，能做各种事了，他的社团的习惯就是他的习惯，他的 社团的信仰就是他的信仰，他的社团不能做的事就是他不能做的事。每一个和他 诞生在同一个社团中的孩子和他一样具有相同的风俗；而在地球的另一边，诞生 在另一个社团的孩子与他就很少

32、有相同的风俗。 没有任何一个社会问题比得上风 俗的作用问题更要求我们对它理解。直到我们理解了风俗的规律性和多样性，我 们才能明白人类生活中主要的复杂现象。 只有在某些基本的主张被接受下来、同时有些主张被激烈反对时，对风俗的 研究才是全面的，才会有收获。首先，任何科学研究都要求人们对可供考虑的诸 多因素不能厚此薄彼，偏向某一方面。在一切争议较小的领域里，如对仙人掌、 白蚁或星云性质的研究，应采取的研究方法是，把有关各方面的材料汇集起来， 同时注意任何可能出现的异常情况和条件。例如，用这种方法，我们完全掌握了 天文学的规律和昆虫群居的习性。只是在对人类自身的研究中，各主要的社会学 科才用对一个局部

33、地区各种情况的研究（如对西方文明的研究）来代替对全人类 的研究。只要我们同原始人，我们同野蛮人，我们同异教徒之间存在的区别在人 的思想中占主导地位，那么人类学按其定义来说就无法存在。我们首先需要达到 这样一种成熟的程度：不用自己的信仰去反对我们邻居的迷信。必须认识到，这 些建立在相同前提基础上的风俗，暂且可以说是超自然的东西，必须放在一起加 以考虑，我们自己的风俗和其他民族的风俗都在其中。 四：语法填空练习四：语法填空练习 People believe that climbing can do good 1. health.Where can you learn the skill of cl

34、imbing then?If you think that you have to go to the mountains 2. (learn) how to climb,youre wrong.Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms.The climbing wall goes straight up and has small holding places for hands and feet. How do people climb the wall?To climb,you need special shoes 3. a ha

35、rness(系带) around your chest to hold you.There are ropes 4.(tie) to your harness.The ropes hold you in place so that you dont fall.A beginners wall is usually about 15 feet high,and you climb straight up.There are small 5. (piece) of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to.Sometimes i

36、ts easy to see the new piece of metal.Sometimes,its not.The most difficult is your fear.Its normal for humans to be afraid of 6. (fall),so its difficult not to feel fear.But when you move away from the wall,the ropes hold you,and you begin to feel safe.You move 7. (slow) until you reach the top. Cli

37、mbing 8. (attract)people because its good exercise for almost everyone.You use your whole body,especially your arms and legs.This sport gives your body 9. complete workout.When you climb,both your mind and your body can become 10. (strong). 答案:1.to 2.to learn 3.and 4.tied 5.pieces 6.falling 7.slowly 8.attracts 9.a 10.stronger