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高考英语高三一轮复习:超全英语高考考前知识点复习(二) .docx

1、1 英语英语高考考前知识点复习(高考考前知识点复习(二二) 258.necessary necessary 主要用于两种句型: Its necessary for sb. to do sth.某人有必要做某事 Its necessary that有必要。 注意:that 从句中谓语用 should + 动词原型,should 可省略。另外:不能使用 sb. is necessary to do 结构,因为通常是“某事或做某事有必要”,而非人有必要。 误:He is necessary to return home this afternoon. 正:Its necessary for him

2、to return home this afternoon. 应用汉译英 他有必要改进自己的学习方法。 有必要的话,我们可以多雇几个人收庄稼。 Key: Its necessary for him to improve his method of study:/Its necessary that the should improve his method of study。 If necessary, well employ more men for the harvest. 259.no longer 常可相当于 notany longer. not 用来否定谓语, any longer

3、置于句末。 He dont live here any longer. Dont worry about her. After all she isnt a child any longer. I shall not wait any longer. 注意:no more(相当于 notany more)也是“不再”的意思。no longer 是把现在的情况 和过去对比,时态以现在时为多,有时也用过去时或将来时;no more 指今后如何,通常用 将来时态。 I can no longer stand it.我再也受不了。 I will go there no more.我再也不到那地方去了。

4、 美国人有时用起来比较随便。 He is no more/no longer ill.他的病好了。 另外:涉及数量或程度时要用 no more; 谈到时间表示 once but not now(有一度、曾经那 样,但现在不了时) ,要用 no longer. There is no more bread.没有面包了。 I no longer support the Conservative Party.我不再支持保守党了。 (曾经支持过) no more than: only 仅仅;只有。具有感情色彩,强调“少”。与 no less than 相对。 Not more than: less t

5、han;at most 不到;至多。说明客观事实。与 not less than 相对。 He has no more than 20 yuan.他只有 20 元钱。 (强调钱“少”) He has not more than 20 yuan.他有不到 20 元钱。 (说明客观事实) No less than 50 people attended the meeting.参加会议的人不少于50多个。(强调“多”) Not less than 50 people attended the meeting.参加会议的有 50 多人。 (说明客观事实) 2 注意:no 用于比较级之前总含有感情色彩;

6、not 用来否定比较级则只说明客观事实。 you are no taller than I.你并不比我高。 (我们两人都矮) you are not taller than I.你不如我高。 This question is no more difficult than that one.这个问题并水比那个(容易的) 问题难。 This question is not more difficult than that one.这个问题不如那个问题难。 no more than;not more than;no more.than;not more.than no more than 意为“仅仅

7、、只不过”,相当于 only。它与数字连用时,意为“仅仅至多”, 强调“少”,带有说话者的感情色彩。如: I am no more than a teacher.我只是个教师而已。 There were no more than two hospitals in this city before liberation.解放前,这 座城市里只有两家医院(表示很少) not more than 后面接数词时, 表示“不超过、 最多”的意思。 用来说明情况, 并含有“少” 之意,也不带有说话者的主观色彩。如: There are not more than ten minutes left.最多只剩

8、下 10 分钟了。 (表示客观事实) “no more+形容词(副词)原级+than”意为“两者同样不”,前面和后面同时否定,带有 感情色彩。如: This tool is no more useful than that one. 这件工具与那件工具一样没有用。 (两者都没有用) “not more+形容词(副词)原级than”意为“不比更”。这是比较级的正规用 法,表示比较的事实,两者都肯定。如: his tool is not more useful than one.这样工具不及那件工具有用。 (两者都有用) 260.noise ; voice; sound 这三个词均指“声音” vo

9、ice 是可数名词,指人发出的声音。如: I didnt recognize Johns voice on the telephone.在电话里我没听出约翰的声音。 We could hear the childrens voices in the garden.我们能听见花园里孩子们的声音。 sound 词意最广泛,它包括各种性质的声响,不论大声还是小声,音乐或噪音,有意义的还 是无意义的声音均可,多作可数名词。如: A joyful sound came from the distance. 远处传来欢快的声音。 The door was open, and the sound came

10、from the kitchen.门开着,声音是从厨房传来 的。 noise 泛指一切在的、杂乱的或令人讨厌的杂声和吵闹声,既指单一的刺耳、尖锐、磨擦的 声响,也可指混合在一起不协调的声响,不论是由人或物所发出的,可以是可数的,也可以 是不可数的。如: Loud noise can make people ill.大的噪音能使人生病。 Dont make such a loud noise.别弄出这么大的声响。 261.Not all the parts of the car will be made in the factory.并非所有的汽车零件 都在这个工厂里制造。 not 与总括词(即

11、表示全部意义的词)连用,表示部分否定。not 有两个位置,可放在总括 3 词前, 也可用来否定谓语。 不管总括词在句中作主语, 还是作宾语、 状语, 都表示部分否定。 常见的总括词有:both/all/every/everyone/everybody/everything/everywhere. Not all of them go in for sports.他们并不都喜欢运动。 相当于:All of them dont go in for sports. 或:Some of them go in for sports,but others dont. I dont like both of

12、 the novels.这两部小说我并不都喜欢。 相当于:I like only of the novels. You cant get this kind of vegetables everywhere.这种疏菜你并不是在哪里都能买 到。 相当于:You can only get this kind of vegetables somewhere. 如果表示全部否定则应用:neither(两者)/none(多者)/no one/nobody/nothing/nowhere. None of them go /goes in for sports.他们都不喜欢运动。 I like neith

13、er of the novels.这两部小说我都不喜欢。 You can get this kind of vegetables nowhere.在哪里你也买不到这种疏菜。 262.notbut 不是而是 Shakespeare was not a musician but a writer.莎士比亚不是音乐家而是作家。 Not the students but the teacher is hoping to visit the Great Wall.不是学生而是 老师希望去参观长城。 He cant read or write in English,but can speak Englis

14、h fluently.他不能读英语和 写英语,但能流利地说英语。 They need not money but time.他们所需要的不是钱,而是时间。 not justbut:not onlybut(also)(also 可省略)不仅/不但而。 该句型可连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语,说话的侧重点在后一部分。当连 接两个并列主语时,谓语应同靠近的主语在人称和数上取得一致。 Not just you but he likes the country music very much.不但你,而且他也很喜欢乡 村音乐。 He can not just drive but repair

15、 a car.他不仅会开而且会修车。 I like not just pop music but country music.我不仅喜欢流行音乐,而且喜欢乡村音 乐。 This book is not just interesting but also useful.这本书不但有趣而且有用。 Lu Xun is famous not just in China but in the whole world.鲁迅不只在中国有名, 而且在全世界都很著名。 263.not onlybut also 连续两个并列主语时,谓语和 but also 后的一致(即就近原则) Not onlybut also

16、构成一倒装句式(强调状语或谓语时用;强调主语时不用倒装) 。 Not only you but also he likes playing football. 不光你,他也喜欢踢足球。 Not only can he sing, but also he can dance well. 他不仅能唱歌,舞也跳的不错。 (注意,第一句倒装,第二句不用倒装形式) 264.notuntil 三种句型 4 notuntil 有三种句型,即:正常语序、倒装语序和强调句型。 (1)正常语序 The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.

17、 I didnt know the truth of it until the next day. (2)倒装语序 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. Not until the next day did I know the truth of it. (3)强调句型 It was not until the child fell asleep the mother left the room. It was not until the next day that I knew the truth of

18、it. (4)注意事项 在 notuntil 句型中,主句中的动词均为短暂性动词,如 leave,start 等。而在 until 的肯定句型中, 主句的谓语动词一定要用延续性动词, 因为 until 作为连词和介词意为 up to the time when; up to“直到时”。如: until 只连接表示时间的短语和从句,不能用于地点和数量。如: We walked until the edge of the forest.(误) Our classroom can hold until fifty students.(误) 265.now that; due to; because

19、of; owing to; since; as now that 作“既然”讲时,相当于 since。now that 中的 that 可省去。如: Now(that)you are well again, you can travel, 你既然恢复了健康,就能够旅行了。 due to 作 “起因于、归功于”时,常作表语或跟在名词后,如: His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.他的失败源于他缺少经验。 Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious results.粗枝大叶造成

20、的错误可能带来 严重后果。 The teams success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功在很大程度上是由于 她的努力。 because of“由于、因为”,在句中作状语或表语。如: Lincoln is admired because of his good leadership.林肯由于其出色的领导而受到人们 的赞赏。 His anger is because of your bad deeds.他是因你的失礼行为而生气。 owing to“由于、因为”,常在现代英语中与 because of, due to 换用。如: Owing to un

21、favourable weather, I was unable to carry on with it.由于天气不好,我 不能把它进行下去。 nowhere 放在句首,该句应使用倒装结构。 Nowhere is there a place for him to settle down. 类似的副词还有 hardly scarcely, no sooner,seldom, never, little 等。 Of + n.(抽象句词)相当于该名词相应的形容词,在句中可用作表语或补语。 能用于该句型的名词有:help/ use/ value/ importance 等。其对应的形容词分别为: he

22、lpful/ useful/ valuable/ important. This book is of great use/ very useful.这本书很有用。 His advice is of great value/ very valuable.他的建议很有价值。 English is of great importance/ very important to us.英语对我们来说很重要。 5 266.offer offer sth.提供,提出; offer sb.sth./offer sth.to(for)sb. 为某人提供、提出; offer to do sth.主动提出做某事;

23、 offer sb.sth.for(money)卖给某人要多少钱; offer sb.(money)for sth 出钱买东西 短语: offer advice/suggestions/congratulations/the price 提出劝告/建议/表示祝贺/出价; make an offer of help 主动提供帮助; accept ones offer 接受某人的建议 应用完成句子 他把座位让给了老人。 He _his seat_ the old man./He _the old man his seat. 我的同桌主动提出帮我学英语。 My deskmate_ _ _ me wi

24、th my English. 有人出 1 万元买你的这套房子。 Someone will _ you 10,000 yuan_ your house. Key:offered,to /offered offered,to ,help offer,for 267.on holiday 在度假,此时 holiday 前不加冠词。 类似说法如:on a visit/a trip/a journey 要带冠词。take a holiday 休假 用介词 on 表示处于一种状态,若用 for 则表示目的。如: He is on holiday .他在度假。 He is on a visit to Ame

25、rica.他正在美国访问。 He went to the countryside for his holidays.他去乡村度假。 He went to America for a visit .他去美国进行一次访问。 比较:holiday, vacation, leave holiday 与 vacation 一般可通用, 但 vacation 侧重于长时间的假期, 如: summer vacation, holiday 可长可短。 leave 指政府工作人员或士兵的假期,也可用于指因事(病)而请的假。如: ask for leave 请假,a sick leave of three day

26、s 三天的病假 on one condition 该介词短语意为“规定一个条件”。如: He allowed me to do it on one condition. on condition that 这是一短语连词(=only if),引导条件状语从句。 如:Ill give you the day off on condition that you work on Saturday morning. 268.on ones arrival 6 该词组意为“一到达就”(= on arriving) 。如: On her arrival she helped me to prepare s

27、upper. on ones way to正在到,动身往,在往的路上 He was on his way to school when suddenly a policeman stopped him. 他正在上学的路上就在这时一个警察截住了他。 They telephoned to say that they were on the way, but they might be late. 他们打电话说他们正在路上,但他们可能来晚。 I called on a friend of mine on my way back. 我在回来的路上拜访了我的一个朋友。 You mustnt forget

28、 to call in at Browns on the way home. 你千万别忘了在回家的路上到布朗先生家拜访。 拓展: by the way 顺便说; in the way 挡道; in a way 某种意义上; lose ones way 迷路; by way of 途经,经由; work ones way 通过苦干; no way 决不; make ones way 前进; all the way to一路至 269.on+身体部位 lay the person on ones back 让这个人仰卧着; lie on ones back/stomach/side 仰卧/趴着/侧

29、着身躺着; sleep on ones side 侧身睡; stand on one foot 一条脚站着; stand on ones head 倒立 应用完成句子 她趴在床上,哭个不停。 She _ _ _ _in the bed,crying all the while 你想倒立几个小时是很不容易的。 Its difficult for you to _ _ _ _ for several hours. Key:lay, on, her, stomach stand,on, your,head 7 270.on the air/in the air/by air/in the open

30、air on the air 表示(用无线电、电视)播送节目。如: Whats on the air this evening?今晚的广播内容是什么? These programmes come on the air everyday. 这些节目每天广播。 其反义词为 go off the air“停止广播”。如 This radio station goes off the air at midnight.这家广播电台于午夜停止广播。 in the air 表示“在空中、在流传中、 (问题,计划等)悬而未决(未确定的) 、充满了(某 种)气氛”。如: There was dampness i

31、n the air.空气潮湿。 Before the matter was publicly announced, it had long been in the air.这件事在公 诸于世之前早就传得满城风雨了。 The plan is quite in the air.这个计划还很渺茫。 The Spring Festival was in the air for weeks before.几周前就充满了春节的气氛。 by air 表示“乘飞机、由航空”。如 He went to Shanghai by air.他乘飞机去上海. in the open air 表示“在户外、在露天里”。如

32、: People love life in the open air.人们喜欢露天生活。 271.on the point of 该短语常在句中作表语,意为“正要(去做某事)”,意思相当于 be about to do sth.。 如: We were on the point of calling him up when he came. 对于 point 名词应掌握它的用法如下: if/when it comes to the point 如果/当时机到来(时)如: When it comes to the point,he refused to help. from sb.s point

33、 of view 从某人的角度来看 如: Try to look at school from the childs point of view. 272.once; 1)意为“曾经”时, 侧重“有一次”的意思, 是副词在句中做状语, 如: Once he owned a large house . 他曾经拥有一所大房子。 注意:once 与 ever 的区别 ever 常用于疑问句,有时可用于过去分词前,多在完成时态中。在句中可译为“曾经”, 有时不需翻译。如: Have you ever been there ?你去过那儿吗? The largest tree ,ever found th

34、ere ,is one about 500 years old .那儿发现的最大的 树有大约 500 年树龄了。 2)意为“一旦”时,用作连词引起从句。如: Once you go there ,buy a book for me . Once you began, you couldnt stop. 一旦开始,你就不能停。 Once you object to a man, everything he does is wrong. 一旦你反对一个人,那么 他做的一切都是错的。 8 对比:once 强调条件意味;as soon as 强调时间的紧接 As soon as you come to

35、 Beijing, please let me know. 你一来北京就请告诉我。 once more:once again 再一次;又一次。 Read after me once more.再跟我读一遍。 Id like to see him once more.我想再见他一面。 273.one after another 一个一个地,表示数量多并连续出现 School was over and students went out of the school gate one after another. 放学了,学生们一个接一个地走出校门。 对比:one by one 表示按顺序逐个进行或

36、出现 Dont hurry! You should enter the office one by one. 不要着急,你们应该一个个地走进办公室。 拓展: by and by 一点一点地,逐渐地 little by little 一点一点地 step by step 一步一步地,循序渐进地 274.onethe other, someothers onethe other 相当于 oneone,表示两者中的“一个.另一个”; someothers 表示许多中的“一些,另外一些”; somethe others 表示“一些,其余所有的”。 对比: He has two companies. O

37、ne is in China and the other is in the States. 他有两家公司,一家在中国,另一家在美国。 In winter, some birds will fly away, and others wills stay here.冬天,一些鸟飞走 了,另外一些留了下来。 Some stamps are new, and the others are all ones. 有些邮票是新的,其余全是用过的。 应用选择正确答案。 Some people like to stay at home on Sunday, but _like to go to the cin

38、ema.(NMET85) A.another B.other C.others D.other one Of the three foreign guests, one is from London,_two are from New York.(80 年高考) key:C B 275.open 1)用作动词动词:打开门,经营、开办 9 :open a door/window/a small shop/ones hand/ones eyes/ones mouth/fire 开门 /开窗/开一家小商店/张开手/睁开眼/张开嘴/开火; be opened to traffic 通车; open u

39、p 开采(发) Now,he opens a small factory of his own.现在他自己办了个厂。 Open the door, please!请开门! 2)用作形容词,表状态,“开着的”: keep open 开着门; be open 开门、开业; cutopen 切开; leave the door open 开着门; in the open air 在野外; an open secret 公开的秘密; keep ones eyes open 睁眼 Dont keep the door open. 别让门开着(即:请把门关上) 。 3) be open to 对开放 Ma

40、ny school libraries are open to children on Sundays. 不少学校的图书馆周日给孩子们开放。 John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes_.(MET92) A.open B.to be opened C.to open D.opening Some new oilfields _since 1976. A.were opened up B.has been opened up C.have been opened up D.had been opened up The compute

41、r center, _ last year,is very popular among the students in this school. A.open B.opening 10 C.having opened D.opened 答案:A C D open up (1)开门,展开,打开 open up = open the door 开门 open up the parcel 打开包裹 (2)(景色等的)展现 A beautiful view opened up before us. 一幅美景展现在我们面前。 (3)开发,开辟,创建 open up a new situation / a

42、 bright future / more waste land 开创一个新局面/美好的前程/开辟更多荒地 (4)吐露真情 She never opened up to me on the subject. 关于那个问题,她从未对我开诚布公。 or else = other wise = if not 否则 Hurry up or else youll be late. 快点,否则人会迟到的。 Study hard or else you wont pass the exam. 努力学习,否则你会考试不及格的。 Put on more clothes or else youll catch a

43、 cold.多穿些衣服,否则你会感冒的。 276.order food 叫食物 order n.物品的价格以“高、 低”论,即 high 或 low. Your new car only cost you 20,000 dollars. Its really cheap.你的新车只花了 2 万美元,真便宜。 Yes, the price is very low indeed.是啊价格确实很低。 (3)提问 price 时应用 what(多少) 。 Whats the price of that dress?那件衣服多少钱?相当于:How much is that dress?/How much

44、 需用what提问“多少”的还有population/area/size/length/width/height/weight 等名词。 300.prison throw(cast, put)sb.into(to)prison, take sb.to prison 把某人关入监狱. 区别: in prison 与 in the prison 前者表示“坐牢、服法、服刑”;后者表示“在一所监狱”, 有可能是在看望囚犯,也可能是监管人员。 Toms brother was put(thrown、cast)into prison because of murderer, and he will be

45、 in prison for thirty years. 汤姆的哥哥因犯谋杀罪而被关进监狱,他将在监狱服刑三十年。 301.progress (1)vi.进展,发展 Space research has progressed greatly. 空间研究已经取得了很大进展。 (2) n. make great / little / no / much progress He has made rapid progress in English this term. 这学期他英语进步很快。 Tom is not making much progress at school. 汤姆在学校进步不大。

46、19 302.promise sb. to do sth. allow/permit sb. to do sth. 允许/答应某人做某事 分析:二者的汉语意思一样。但用法有区别,请看例子: My father promised me to give up smoking. 我爸爸答应我戒烟。 (是“爸爸”戒烟,而 不是“我”戒烟。即:动词不定式是主语发出的动作) My father doesnt permit/allow me to smoke.我爸爸不允许我抽烟。 在此结构中,动词不定式是宾语发出的动作。 另外,两者的结构区别如下: promise to do sth.(后跟不定式) all

47、ow/permit doing sth.(后跟动名词) 例:I promised to help him with his English. Drinking wine is not allowed /permitted in our school. 303.pronounce t. i. 发音;发音。 名词形式为 pronunciation. How do you pronounce the word?这个单词你怎么发音? This letter in the word doesnt pronounce. 这个单词中的这个字母不发音。 304.Provide sb.with sth.供给某人

48、 provide it 供给,提供 provide for 赡养,抚养 supply vt.提供供给 supply sth.to sb. /sb.with sth. e to 达到,共计 The total cost of repairs came to about $100. 修理费总计约 100 美元。 The things I bought came to 100 yuan. 我购物总计花了 100 元。 The cost of the trip totaled/came to/added up to 1000 dollars. 这次旅行的费用共计 1000 美元。 305.put on

49、 /pull on/wear/have on /dress/in (1)put on 和 pull on 穿上;戴上。相当于及物动词,以衣物作宾语,着重于穿、戴的动 作。put on 为普通用语;pull on 多用于穿袜子、戴手套或比较随便地穿上。 Its cold outside.Youd better put on your hat.外面很冷,你最好戴上帽子。 She put /pulled on her coat and went out of the room hurriedly.她穿上大衣,匆 忙地走了。 (2)wear 和 have on 穿着;戴着。相当于及物动词,有衣物作宾语,着重于穿、戴的状态。 have on 不用于进行时态。 20 He always wears/has on black shoes.她一直穿着黑鞋。 She is wearing/has on a red coat 她穿着红大衣。 (3)dress 穿;戴。可用作及物动词,以人作宾语,即 dress sb.(给某人穿衣) ;也可用作 不及物动词。既可强调动作,又可表示状态

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