1、2021 届高中英语总复习小题专练(新高考):名词 考点透视 考点考点 1 可数名词的复数可数名词的复数 【典例】 (2020浙江卷)Later,they learned to work with the (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌 溉)their fields. 【答案】seasons 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干 旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,提示词的词性为可数名词,
2、应用复数 形式。故填 seasons。 【技法点拨】 (1)规则变化)规则变化 情况 方法 例词 一般情况 加s students,teachers,doc tors,table s 以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾 加es(如果词尾-ch 发音 为/k/,要+s, 如 stomach s) glasses,dishes,boxes,watches 以辅音字母y 结尾 变 y 为 i 再加es families,babies,armies,bodies 以元音字母y 结尾 加s boys,toys,pianos,photos 以 f 或 fe 结尾 大都变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加 es thi
3、eves,wives,knives,shelves,li ves 少数加s beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs 以 o 结尾 通常加s radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos 有的加es heroes,potatoes,tomatoes 注意: 加es 的情况 Negroes,heroes,e口诀:黑人英雄在回声中吃土口诀:黑人英雄在回声中吃土 以o 结尾的名词 choes,potatoes,t omatoes 豆、西红柿豆、西红柿 既可以加es,也 可以加s 的情况 zeros(es) mosquitos(es) volcanos(es) 以f 或fe 结
4、尾的名词 把 f 或 fe 去 掉,加ves 树叶 leaf-leaves 半数 half-halves, 自己 self-selves 妻子 wife-wives 刀 knife-knives 长条面包 loaf-loves 架 shelf-shelves 狼 wolf-wolves 小偷 thief-thieves 生命 life-lives 口诀:树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮;口诀:树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮; 架后窜出一只狼,就像小偷逃命忙架后窜出一只狼,就像小偷逃命忙 直接在词尾加 -s 相信 belief -beliefs; 悬崖 cliff cliffs 证据 proof
5、proofs 上顶房(即房顶、屋顶) roof - roofs 口诀:相信证据在悬崖的顶房口诀:相信证据在悬崖的顶房 以上两种情况 均可 码头(wharf)侏儒(dw arf)围围巾(scarf), 手绢(handkerchief) 码头侏儒围围巾,手绢复数变二心码头侏儒围围巾,手绢复数变二心 名词前有 man 或 woman 修饰,变复数时,作定语的 man 或 woman 和后面的名词都 要变成复数。如:woman doctorwomen doctors (2)不规则变化不规则变化 常见单复数同形的名词 Chinese 中国人; sheep 绵羊; deer 鹿; series 系列; m
6、eans 方式; works 工厂; fish 鱼; fruit 水果等。其中 fish,fruit 表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即 fishes,fruits。 自身有特殊变化的名词 child 孩子childrenman 男人mentooth 牙teethfoot 脚, 英尺feetmouse 老鼠 micephenomenon 现象phenomenamedium 传播媒介media 考点考点 2 名词的语法功能名词的语法功能 (2020山东卷)Historical (accurate) is important but so isentertainment. 【答案】accuracy 【解
7、析】 句意:历史的准确性很重要, 但娱乐也很重要。 此处作主语, 位于形容词 historical 之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填 accuracy。 【技法点拨】 1.作主语 The young woman played an important part inthe matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上 举足轻重。 His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age offifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。 2.作宾语 (1)作及物动词的直接宾语 I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见
8、你哥哥了。 Have you finished the letter to Jane? 你写完给珍的信了吗? (2)作及物动词的间接宾语。 I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。 She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。 (3)作介词的宾语。 After 20 years traveling, he settled down inLiangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡 定居。 Do you still ask your parents for money? 你还向爸妈
9、要钱吗? 3.作表语 Its a good idea to plant trees here. 在这里栽些树是个好主意。 She is now a professor while her husbandremains a worker. 她现在是教授而丈夫仍 是个工人。 4.作宾语的补足语 They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。(职务名词作 宾补前面不加冠词) The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。 5.作定语 (1)直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。 college studen
10、ts 大学生 girl friend 女友 vegetable garden 菜园 basketballmatch 篮 球赛 Lets stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上,我们的书店停一下吧! He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。 (2)名词所有格作定语。 students books 学生用书 Chinas capital 中国的首都 the worlds population 世界人口 (3)man,woman,gentleman 作定语 man,woman,gentl
11、eman 作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式,但必须随所修饰名 词的数而定。 He said that two women doctors would come toour village the next day. 他说明 天有两个女医生到我们村子来。 There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。 (4)某些常用复数的名词用作定语 某些常用复数的名词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数形式。 arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train 货
12、车 savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department 外语系 (5)单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。 Learning Skills center 学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部 (6)表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。 a peasant family/boy(peasant 习惯直接作定语) a workersfamily(worker 习惯用所有 格作定语) (7)两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。 women drivers 女司机 the womans driver
13、 这位妇女的司机 girl friend 女朋友 the girls friend 这女孩的朋友 mother tongue 母语 mothers tongue 母亲的舌头 (8)名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能,与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或 属性 gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的,但不一定 含金) 6.作状语 时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。 The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里 Your suitcase weighs 10
14、 kilograms. 你的手提箱重 10 千克。 考点考点 3 名词辨析名词辨析 (2020山东卷完形填空)Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay nearsome wetlands which became his second_1_. He learned the valueand beauty of _2_ there from a very young age. When he was16,Molai began to notice something disturbing happening around
15、his home. Aflood had hit the area earlier that year and the _3_ it caused haddriven away a number of birds. Besides, the number of snakes had declined aswell. He realized that it was because there werent enough trees to protectthem from the _4_. The solution,of course,was to plant trees sothe animal
16、s could seek _5_ during the daytime. He turned to the_6_department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However,Molaiwent looking on his own and discovered a nearby island where he began to planttrees. 1. A. dream B.job C.home D.choice 2. A. nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge 3. A.
17、 waste B.tension C.pain D.damage 4. A. noise B.heat C.disease D.dust 5. A. directions B.partners C.help D.shelter 6. A. labor B.police C.forest D.finance 【答案】1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.C 【解析】 1.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近,那里成了他的第二个家。 A.dream 梦想;B. job 工作;C. home 家;D. choice 选择。根据空前的 second 可知, 他出生的村庄是他的家,村庄
18、附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选 C。 2.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A.nature 自然;B. youth 青春,年轻;C. culture 文化;D. knowledge 知识。湿地展现了“大自 然”的价值和美。故选 A。 3.考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候,一场洪水袭击了这个地区,洪水造成的损 害赶走了很多鸟类。A.waste 废物;B. tension 紧张;C. pain 疼痛,痛苦;D. damage 损害,伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区,它会“损害”庄稼、树木,这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故 选 D。 4.考查名词词义辨析。 句意
19、:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影 响。A.noise 噪音;B. heat 热;C. disease 疾病;D. dust 尘土。根据常识可知,树木 可以提供阴凉,从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选 B。 5.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然,解决的办法是种树,这样动物们就可以在白天寻找 栖身之处。A.directions 方向;B. partners 伙伴,合作伙伴;C. help 帮助;D. shelter 遮蔽,庇护,遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选 D。 6.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助,但被告知那里什么也不长。A.labor 劳动;B. po
20、lice 警察;C. forest 森林;D. finance 财政,金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知,Molai 想要种树,所以他应该向“森 林”部门求助。故选 C。 考点突破 1. Filled with (curious), the artist packed his bagsand left. 2. The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientistsbecause it has a lot of deep crater
21、s (环形山), more so than the familiarnear side. 3. Chinese New Year is a (celebrate)marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 4. When they were free fromwork,they invited us to local events and let usknow of an interesting _(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it. 5.
22、 A mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heartdisease and early deaths from all (cause). 6. Making Chinese (dish)is seen as especially troublesome. 7. Im a (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 8. We would much appreciate _ (guide) froman expert in this field. 9.
23、 They often give _ (perform) in pubs atweekends. 10. Tom was doing his homeworkand the boys who were playing outside his house added_ (anxious) to him. 11. We all have an _ (expect) that he canpass the driving test next week. 12. We had no _(hesitate) in helping the sufferers when the terrible earth
24、quake hit thecountry. 13. The _ (arrive) of the plane has beendelayed due to the fog. 14. In many ways my_ (disable) hashelped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent. 15. Compared to the advantages of the Internet,those of the television alone will not be enough to ensure its _
25、 (survive),and many people think the latter will be replaced. 16. Youd better takeinto account your own _ (strong) and weaknesses before choosing a major. 17. The little boy was curious about everythingaround him, and his parents always satisfied his _ (curious). 18. I like discovering the_ (differe
26、nt)between different cultures. 19. The headmaster didnt seem to be aware thatthere should have been so much _ (disagree) about the decision. 20. Sorry, I cant read the _ (express) onher face. 21. Reaching this agreement so quickly was agreat _ (achieve). 22. The villagers here all respect him for hi
27、s_ (devote)to the health care. 23. They were not in the least worried about the_ (possible) that sweets could rot the teeth. 24. The girl kept working hard and gained_ (admit) to the world-famous university. 25. Anyhow they didnt trust me, so they didntdeserve a(an) _ (explain). 26. I explained that
28、 each person has differentideas of what _(free) is. 27.The village where he was born has changedbeyond(介词/超 出)_(recognize). 28. There has been no _ (respond) to hisremarks from the government. 29. Different persons have different _(believe). 30. My parents are in a huge _ (argue),and I am really ups
29、et about it. 31. We have our furniture moved to the new housewhen the _ (decorate) of the house is finished. 32. Not only food and clothing but also medical_(treat) has been provided for the people who need it in the floodedareas. 33. I regard _ (creative) both as a giftand as a skill. 34. He lost t
30、he _ (elect) by one vote. 35. Nowadays, concertsheld in sports stadium are common, and it seems that every few _ (year)there is a new boy band trying to bring back the magic of the Beatles. 36. Visitors were struckby the natural scenery here, which was beautiful beyond_. (describe) 37.His vivid desc
31、riptions of country life quickly became popular, whichestablished his _as one of Americas greatest writers. A. trust B.contact C.reputation D. theory 38.Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food andscenery. A. priority B. potential C. proportion D.pension 39.We can observe that
32、artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _onour lives in many ways. A. statement B.impact C. impression D.judgmen t 40.The_ that there is life on other planets in the universe has alwaysinspired scientists to explore the outer space. A.advice B. order C.possibility D. invitation 答案和解析 1.【答案】cur
33、iosity 【解析】介词 with 的宾语应该由名词充当,故用名词形式 curiosity。 2.【答案】interest 【解析】此处考查(be) of interest,该短语相当于(be) interesting, ofparticular interest 相当于 particularly interesting, 形容词 particular 应修饰名词 interest。 3.【答案】celebration 【解析】根据空白处之前的 a 和后面的非谓语动词 marking,可知此处应填名词 celebration。 4.【答案】competition 【解析】句意:当他们下班后,
34、他们邀请我们参加当地的活动,他们告诉我们一个有趣 的比赛可以观看,以及背后的故事。由空格前的 interesting 形容词,修饰名词。故填 competition。 5.【答案】causes 【解析】句意:每天跑步只需 5 到 10 分钟,就能降低患心脏病的风险和因各种原因导致 的早期死亡。cause 是一个可数名词,表示“原因”,由空格前的 all 可知,此处应该用复 数形式,故填 causes。 6.【答案】dishes 【解析】根据修饰词 Chinese 可知用可数名词的复数 dishes,表示中国菜。 7.【答案】scientist 【解析】句意:我是研究猿和猴子等动物的科学家。设空
35、处作表语,说明主语的身份;根据提 示词 science 可知填 scientist。 8.【答案】guidance 【解析】句意:我们非常感谢该领域专家的指导。根据句意可知,空处需用名词作 appreciate 的宾语;guide 的名词形式是 guidance。故填 guidance。 9.【答案】performances 【解析】performance,名词,表演。give 是及物动词,后面加名词或者代词。根据 They often 可知,用复数,故填 performances。 10.【答案】anxiety 【解析】anxiety 焦虑,令人焦虑的事;anxiety 作“令人着急、焦虑的
36、事”解,是可数名 词,引申可表示为某事焦虑,常译成“渴望,热望,焦虑”,是不可数名词。故填 anxiety。 11.【答案】expectation 【解析】本空要使用名词做宾语,名词 expectation“期盼”是可数名词,根据 an 可知, 使用单数形式,故填 expectation。 12.【答案】hesitation 【解析】 have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事, 固定搭配。 故填 hesitation。 13.【答案】arrival 【解析】此处用名词作主语,arrival 名词,到达。故填 arrival。 14.【答案】disabil
37、ity 【解析】形容词性物主代词后跟名词形式,disable 的名词形式是 disability,根据 has 可知,此处使用其单数形式,故填 disability。 15.【答案】survival 【解析】its 是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词,survive 是动词,其名词是 survival,意 为:幸存,生存。故填 survival。 16.【答案】strengths 【解析】your 是形容词性物主代词,后面要接名词;strength 力量,优势,可数名词, 根据后面的 and weaknesses 可知,此处应用相应的名词复数形式。故填 strengths。 17.【答案】curio
38、sity 【解析】his 为形容词性物主代词,后面需接名词,curiosity 好奇心,不可数名词。故 填 curiosity。 18.【答案】difference 【解析】根据 the 可知,此处用名词做宾语,difference 差异,故填 difference。 19.【答案】disagreement 【解析】much 修饰不可数名词,disagree 不同意,反对,动词原形。disagreement 不同意,反对,不可数名词。故填 disagreement。 20.【答案】 expression 【解析】结合句意”对不起,我无法理解她脸上的表情。分析句子结构可知,空处需用名 词作宾语;
39、 express 的名词是 expression“表情”, 此处表示特指她脸上的表情需用单数。 故填 expression。 21.【答案】achievement 【解析】great 了不起的,形容词,后需接名词;achieve 的名词是 achievement,成 就,可数名词,由空前不定冠词 a 可知,空处名词用单数形式。故填 achievement。 22.【答案】devotion 【解析】 句意: 这里的村民都尊敬他对医疗保健的献身精神。 devotion 译为奉献, 忠诚, 是不可数名词;his 后应接名词形式,故填 devotion。 23.【答案】possibility 【解析】
40、句意:他们一点也不担心糖果有可能会腐蚀牙齿。由空前的 the 可知,设空处 应用提示词的名词形式,作 were worried about 的宾语。possibility“可能性,可能发 生的事物”,故填 possibility. 24.【答案】admission 【解析】由后文 the world-famous university 可知,此处应是“上大学”,admission to 允许进入,固定短语。结合句意,故填 admission。 25.【答案】explanation 【解析】句意:不管怎样他们都不信任我,所以他们不值得解释。 a(an)后加名词单数形 式,故填 explanati
41、on。 26.【答案】freedom 【解析】句意:我解释说,每个人对自由有不同的理解。free 形容词,自由的,其名词 形式是 freedom(自由)。结合句意可知,本空应该是名词形式。故填 freedom。 27.【答案】recognition 【解析】 考查不可数名词。 beyond 是介词, 后接名词作宾语, recognize 认出, 是动词, 其名词形式是 recognition,beyond recognition 无法辨认,故填 recognition。 28.【答案】response 【解析】句意:政府没有对他的言论作出回应。have no response to.对没有回应
42、, 固定短语,故填 response。 29.【答案】beliefs 【解析】different 后跟名词,believe 的名词是 belief,意为“信仰,信念”,由 different 可知,belief 应该用复数,即 beliefs。故填 beliefs。 30.【答案】argument 【解析】考查名词单数。形容词修饰名词,根据前面的不定冠词 a 可知,此处用名词单 数,argument 争论。故填 argument。 31.【答案】decoration 【解析】句意:房子装修完毕后,我们把家具搬到新房子里去了。定冠词 the 后要使用 其名词形式,decoration 装饰,装修
43、,不可数名词。结合句意,故填 decoration。 32.【答案】treatment 【解析】句意:不仅为受灾地区的人们提供了食物和衣服,而且还为他们提供了医疗服 务。 结合句意和空格前的形容词 medical 可知, 此处应是 treat 的名词形式 treatment, 故填 treatment。 33.【答案】creativity 【解析】句意:我认为创造力既是一种天赋,也是一种技能。regard sth. as.把某事物 看作,regard 后接名词,creativity 创造性,为不可数名词,故填 creativity。 34.【答案】election 【解析】句意:他因一票之差落
44、选了。分析句子可知,空格处做 lost 的宾语,且前面有 定冠词,所以,要用名词。elect 的名词 election“选举”。故填 election。 35.【答案】years 【解析】句意:如今,在体育场举行音乐会是很常见的,似乎每隔几年就会有一个新的 男孩乐队试图重现披头士的魔力。year 年,名词;every few 修饰可数名词复数,故填 years。 36.【答案】description 【 解 析 】 句 意 : 游 客 们 被 这 里 的 自 然 风 光 所 吸 引 , 那 是 无 法 形 容 的 美 丽 。 beyond description 是固定短语,意为”无法形容“,
45、故填 description。 37.【答案】C 【解析】句意:他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来,这树立了他作为美国伟大作家 之一的声誉。A. trust 信任;B. contact 联系;C. reputation 声誉;D. theory 理论。 根据句意, 尤其是 greatest writers 可知此处用 reputation“声誉”符合语境, 故选 C 项。 38.【答案】A 【解析】句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority 优先; 优先权; B. potential 潜在的, 可能的;C. proportion 比例, 占比; D. pension 退休金, 抚恤金。故选 A。 39.【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生 活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”; impact“强烈的影响, 冲击力”; impression “印象,感想”;judgement“判断力判断”。故选 B。 40.【答案】C 【解析】句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空 间。 A. advice 建议; B. order 命令; C. possibility 可能性; D. invitation 邀请。 故选 C。
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