2018中考英语真题分类汇编：专题9、短文填空-1. 选词填空.doc

1、1 B. （2018广西柳州）选词填空选词填空 根据短文内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词完成句子，并填写在答题卡对 应的横线上，部分单词在填入前需要进行词形转换，每个单词只能用一次，每空只能填一词。 There is an old saying,”Laughter is the best medicine.” Now people are using laughter to 81 their health all around the world. In some countries special centers for treating 82 with laughter have been s

2、et up and become popular. In 2003,a study showed that laughing helped the sick get better 83 than the usual treating ways. It made them relax, and 84 was helpful for their general health. Laughing helps us feel happier. And 85 say five minutes of laughter is as good for you as fifteen minutes in the

3、 sports hall. It also give the body exercise. 81.improve【解析】根据上下文语境，现在人们正使用笑声来“提高”人们的健康。 82.illness【解析】考查名词。special centres for treating illness 治疗疾病的特殊中心。 83.fast【解析】考查副词。get better fast than the usual treating ways.笑声的治疗比普通的治疗方式能让病人恢 复的更快。 84.this【解析】考查指示代词做主语。笑声对人的整体健康是有帮助作用的。 85.doctors【解析】考查名词。

4、根据后面的谓语动词 say 判断填写 doctors。 (2018四川广安)第二节第二节 根据短文内容用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空，每空一词， 每词一次，并将答案 写在答题卡上相应的位置。 so decide do leave proud happy advise trouble after go Li Wen is a 16-year-old boy. He works hard and 71 well in school. It is hard to believe that he had much 72 in school. His parents moved to the city

5、to look for jobs, 73 they couldnt be at home to look 74 him. From then on, he became less interested in 75 to school and missed classes. Then his parents made a 76 to send him to a boarding school. He was shy and had no friends. Life there was difficult for him. One day he told his teacher he wanted

6、 to 77 the school. His teacher called his parents and 78 them to come back and talk with their son in person. Then his parents came back and had a talk with him. This communication changed his life. He realized that his parents would always love him and they would be 79 of everything good that he di

7、d. Now he is much 80 and more outgoing than he used to be. 体裁 记叙文 话题 人际关系 词数 164 【主旨大意】本篇文章介绍了李文的之前由于父母进城找工作无人照看他，造成厌学，后来父母跟他的一 次谈话，改变了他。 71 does 【解析】他学习努力并且在学校里做的很好。做的很好 do well in 前面是 works，and 连接两个成 分相同的词，故是 does。 72.trouble 【解析】很难相信在学校里他有很多的_.根据后面父母进城打工，使他变得孤独，所以 推断在学校里遇到很多困难。 73.so【解析】由“父母进城找工作

8、，他们不能在家里照看他”可知两个句子是因果关系，故用 so。 74.after 【解析】父母都进城打工，肯定是无人照看他。表示“照看” ，用 look after 75.going【解析】 从此之后，他变得不再对上学感兴趣，并且逃课。表示“上学”用 go to school。介词 in 后跟动词的-ing 形式，故填 going。 76.decision【解析】句意：因此，他的父母做出决定，把他送到寄宿学校，表示“做了决定” ，make a decision. 77.leave【解析】根据前一句“学校生活对他来说太艰难了” ，故推断句意为：有一天他告诉老师他想离开学 校。表示“离开”学校，用动

9、词 leave。 improve fast this doctor ill 2 78. advised【解析】由上文 His teacher called his parents 可知，老师打电话给他的父母，目的是建议亲自和他 谈谈。advise sb. to do sth.意为“建议某人做某事” 。由句中的动词 called 可知要用一般过去时 advised。 79.proud 【解析】他的父母是爱他的，并且为他所做的每一件好事感到骄傲。表示“为感到骄傲”要 用 be proud of。 80.happier 【解析】句意：现在他比以前更加快乐和外向。副词 much 修饰形容词或副词的比较

10、级，故用给 定词 happy 的比较级 happier，意为“更快乐” 。 VI. 短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。 （每个单词限用一次。每空只填一个 单词。 ） （共 10 小题，计 10 分） （2018陕西） he, happy, baby, save, arm, volunteer, clean, quick, work, turn Wang Ping is a cleaner. He has 61. _ in a park for 5 years. He is also a good father. Nothing can make him 62. _ th

11、an playing with his little daughter in his free time. Last Tuesday afternoon, while he was 63. _ the park, suddenly, he heard a woman crying for help. He ran up 64. _ to see what happened. The womans 15-month-old baby girl choked ( 窒息) on a small piece of pear and her face 65. _ purple. The baby was

12、 too young to save herself, and the mother was so nervous that she didnt know how to save her daughter properly. Luckily, Wang Ping knew what to do. He took the baby in his 66. _ without thinking twice. With the mothers help, Wang Ping held the baby upside down and gave her a few pats(轻拍) on the bac

13、k. After a short while, he succeeded in getting the piece of pear out of her mouth and the baby began to cry. Her mom was so thankful because her daughter was 67. _. Wang Ping tried his best and saved the 68. _ life. In his mind, helping others is just helping 69. _. He hoped more people could 70. _

14、 to help the people in need if possible. 体裁 记叙文 话题 意外发生的故事 词数 220 【短文大意】文章讲述了一个清洁工乐于助人的故事。在公园里一个女婴因一小块梨而窒息，妈妈不知所 措，正在工作的王平主动帮忙，女婴得救了，妈妈很感激。他认为帮别人就是帮自己。他希望更多的人如 果可能的话都能主动帮助需要的人们。 61. worked 根据上句 “王平是一个清洁工” 可推知这句话表达 “他在公园已经工作 5 年了” 。 故选动词 work。 而且根据句中的时间状语 for 5 years 可知这句话应该运用现在完成时态，结构为：has+动词的过去分词，故

15、 横线处用 work 的过去分词形式。 62. happier 根据上句“他是一个好爸爸”可知这句话表达“在他的空闲时间没有什么比和她的小女儿玩使 他更高兴的事了” 。故选形容词 happy，因横线后面有 than，故填其比较级形式。 63. cleaning 根据上文“王平是一个清洁工”可知这句话表达“上个周二下午，当他正打扫公园的时候，突 然， 他听到一个妇女喊救命” 。 故选动词 clean， 故这句话运用过去进行时态。 前面有了 was， 故空白处填 clean 的现在分词形式。 64. quickly 根据上句“他听见妇女喊救命了”可推知他要快速跑过去看发生了什么。故选 quick，

16、因空白 处所填词修饰动词 ran，故用其副词形式。 65. turned 根据前半句“一个小女孩因一小块梨窒息”可推知脸也变紫了。turn 表示“变得”的时候，后 面接颜色名词，故选动词 turn。又因这是讲述上个周二发生的事情，故运用其过去式形式。 66. arm/arms 根据上文“婴儿太小不会自救。妈妈如此紧张不知所措。王平知道怎么做”可知推知他要救 这个小孩，不假思索地就用胳膊抱起孩子。因横线前面是 his，故选名词 arm，用单复数均可。 67. saved 根据前半句“妈妈是如此感激”可推知她的女儿得救了，故选动词 save。因主语是 her daughter， 是被救的对象，故运

17、用被动语态，故横线处填 save 的过去分词形式。 68. babys 根据上文可知王平尽力了并且拯救了小女婴的生命，横线处表达“婴儿的，女孩的” 。故选名词 baby，填其名词所有格形式。 69. himself 根据上文王平乐于助人的故事，可知这句话表达“在他脑海里，帮助别人就是帮助他自己” ， 3 故选代词 he，而且填其反身代词形式。 70. volunteer 根据上文可知王平希望更多的人如果可能的话都能主动帮助需要的人们。短语 volunteer to do sth.意为“自愿做某事” ，could 是情态动词，后面接动词原形。 (2018青海) B. 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填

18、空，使短文完整、通顺。 （每空一词） （每空 1 分，共 5 分） well sleep rest minute increase Many students arent getting enough sleep at night, which means they end up feeling 51 during class. Taking a nap (午睡) during the day may be a solution. According to Forbes, a mid-afternoon nap can clear your mind, 52 your energy and h

19、elp you study even 53 . But how long should a nap last? The proper time should be between 10 and 30 54 , Peter Venn, a sleep expert said. Sleeping for a short time, such as five minutes or so, is not helpful. Thats just not enough time 55. . But if you sleep for too long, you may wake up feeling unc

20、omfortable. 请将 5155 题答案写在下列横线上： 51. _ 52. _ 53. _ 54. _ 55. _ 体裁 说明文 话题 卫生与健康 词数 113 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是中午午睡能够解决学生上课困乏的问题。文中还介绍了午睡对 学生有哪些好处以及恰当的午睡时间是多少等。 51. sleepy 【解析】考查形容词，句意：许多学生在晚上没有充足的睡眠，这就导致他们在上课期间感觉困 乏。给定词 sleep 为动词，意为“睡觉” ，这里用其形容词形式 sleepy 作系动词 feel 的表语，意为“困乏的； 想睡的” 。 52. increase【解析】考查动词的用

21、法。句意：根据财富（福布斯） 杂志的说法，中午的午休可以让大脑 思维变得清醒，增加你的能量，并且能帮助你学习甚至更好。故用给定动词 increase，意为“增加” 。情态 动词 can 后跟动词原形，故填 increase。 53. better【解析】考查副词的比较级。联系上文可知：这里介绍的是午睡的好处。故用给定的副词 well 的 比较级 better，意为“更好” 。 54. minutes【解析】考查名词的用法。联系上文中的“how long”可知句意为：午休的恰当的时间应该是 10 到 30 分钟之间。故用给定的名词 minute 的复数形式 minutes，意为“分钟” 。 55

22、. to rest【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。联系上文“sleeping for a short time”可知句意为：只休息几分钟 时间太短了，休息的时间不足够。故用动词不定式 to rest 作定语，修饰名词 time，意为“休息的时间” 。 (2018 内蒙古赤峰)A. 阅读短文，用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，使语意通顺、完整。请将答案填写在答阅读短文，用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，使语意通顺、完整。请将答案填写在答 题卡指定位置。 （每空一词，每词限用一次）题卡指定位置。 （每空一词，每词限用一次） this from family father if success receive

23、 away return good Qian Xuesen was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on December 11, 1911. After he graduated 51 Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934, he traveled across the Pacific Ocean to the United States for further study. There he 52 his Ph. D. degrees in both aerospace and mathematics. Afte

24、r graduation, he became a teacher as 53 as a researcher who studied rockets and missile theories. He made important contributions to the missile and space programs in China. When he 54 to his motherland in 1955, the countrys space research was almost a blank. In 1956, he set up the first research in

25、stitute 4 of rockets and missiles. From then on, he was in charge of developing Chinas missile, rocket and spacecraft research programs. He was a pioneer in 55 related fields and was honored as “The 56 of Chinas Missiles.” He is the pride of the Chinese people. He passed 57 on October 31, 2009, but

26、he is a man who still encourages Chinese youth. His devotion to his country was expressed in his saying, “My career is in China, my 58 is in China and my destination is in China!” When someone said he could make much more money 59 he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, “My 60 name is Q

27、ian, but I dont like qian.” 【词汇分析】 this pron. 这；这个these(复数) from prep. 来自 family n. 家庭；家人families(复数)familys (所有格) father n. 父亲；爸爸fathers(复数)fathers (所有格) if conj. 如果；是否 success n. 成功succeed v. 成功successful adj. 成功的successfully adv. 成功地 receive v. 收到；接收receives(动词单三形式)received(过去式/过去分词)receiving(现在

28、分词/动名词)to receive(动词不定式) away adv. 离开；不在 return v. 归还；回来returns(动词单三形式)returned(过去式/过去分词)returning(现在分 词/动名词)to return(动词不定式) good adj. 好的better(比较级)best(最高级)well adv. 好地 体裁 说明文 话题 著名人物 字数 233 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是我国著名科学家钱学森的生平重要事迹介绍。他为我国的 航天事业做出了卓越的贡献，是我们中国人的骄傲。 51. from 【解析】句意：在 1934 年，他从上海交通大学毕业之

29、后，他横渡太平洋来到美国继续求学深造。 固定用法：graduate from 意为“从毕业”。 52. received 【解析】句意：在那里他荣获航天与数学两个专业的博士学位。故用动词 receive，表示“接受 学位”。结合上下文可知要用一般过去时 received。 53. well 【解析】句意：在他毕业之后，他成为一位老师，还是研究火箭和导弹理论领域的研究专家。固定 短语：as well as 意为“并且；还”，其中的 well 是形容词 good 的副词形式。 54. returned 【解析】句意：在 1955 年，当他返回到他的祖国的时候，我们国家的太空探索还几乎是一片空 白。

30、故用动词 return，表示“返回”。结合上下文可知要用一般过去时 returned。 55. these 【解析】句意：他在火箭、导弹和宇宙飞船这些领域内是一位先驱者。故用给定代词 this 的复数 形式 these，意为“这些”。 56. father 【解析】句意：他被授予“中国导弹之父”的荣誉称号。故用名词 father，意为“父亲”。 57. away 【解析】句意：2009 年 10 月 31 日，钱学森去世，但是他仍然激励着中国的青年一代。这里用动 词短语 pass away，意为“去世；逝世”。 58. success 【解析】句意：他对国家的贡献在他的语言中有所表达，“我的事

31、业在中国，我的成功在中国， 我的人生归宿也在中国”。故用名词 success 作主语，意为“成功”。 59. if 【解析】句意：有人说他如果留在美国的话，可以挣更多钱。故用连词 if 引导条件状语从句，意为“如 果”。 5 60. family 【解析】 句意： 他笑着说 “虽然我姓钱， 但是我并不喜欢钱” 。 固定用法：family name 意为“姓” ， 故填名词 family。 . (2018 辽宁盘锦)短文填空（每小题 1 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确，并将答案写在答题卡的相应位 置（每个单词只能使用一次） 。 yellow wo

32、rry with silence drive add wonderful although it color Do you know about the banana? Its three 51 tell you how ripe(成熟的) it is. Green means go, as in “go and find another banana.” 52 means “eat me.” Brown means “eat me and its easy to chew(咀嚼).” A banana is clean to eat. When you bite(咬) into it, yo

33、u dont have to 53 about the juice making your clothes dirty. And its also a 54 food. You can chew it without 55 neighbors crazy with annoying sounds. However, the only pity is that its peel cant be eaten. The banana is versatile(多功能的). You can fly 56 , bake it, mash(捣成糊状)it, or eat it raw. At luncht

34、ime, you can snack on a banana, or make a peanut butter and banana sandwich. You can 57 a banana to your ice cream. You can order a delicious banana milk shake at your local store. 58 the banana came from Asia in the past, it is very popular 59 people all over the world. Because not only the banana

35、can give us lots of vitamins A and C, but also the prince of them hasnt changed much over the yearstheyre still one to two yuan a kilo. What a 60 fruit the banana is! 体裁 说明文 话题 自然植物 词数 221 【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了香蕉的颜色代表了其成熟度、香蕉的多种吃法以及香蕉对人们的益处等。 51.colors/colours 52. Yellow 53. worry 54. silent 55. driving 56.

36、 it 57. add 58. Although 59. with 60. wonderful 六、阅读与表达（共 2 节，A 节 5 分,B 节 20 分；满分 25 分） A)阅读短文，然后根据其内容从方框中选出可以填入空白处的短语。 （2018辽宁沈阳） at a time a 20-minute walk be happy do better in every day Three good habits that help improve your memory. Dear Amy. Do you want to have a better memory? Many people wo

37、uld say“yes.”But how? First, exercise 1 . When you exercise your body, you also exercise your brain. Your brain gets more oxygen when you exercise like 2 . Second, dont eat too much 3 . Have a good diet. This will help your brain become healthier. Third, 4 . If youre happy, your mind will become liv

38、elier and your memory will become sharper. If you have these habits, your memory will improve. Youll 5 your studies and in your life. Thank you for listening. 1. every day 【解析】句意：首先，每天锻炼。当你锻炼的时候，你也锻炼了你的大脑。从所给信息， 只能选 every day, 每天锻炼。 2. a 20-minute walk【解析】like 在这里是介词，所以后面要加名词或者动名词。根据所给词，判断选 a 20-min

39、ute walk，句意：当你做像 20 分钟走步锻炼的时候，你的大脑会获得更多的氧气。 3. at a time【解析】句意： 不要吃太多_, 这里只能填名词或者补语做补充说明，根据所给信息， 只能选 at a time, 一次。理解为不要一次吃太多。要有好的饮食。 4. be happy【解析】根据后文，如果你开心，你的大脑会变得更活跃.，看到 happy，故选 be happy， 开心点。 5. do better in 【解析】根据 Youll 后面加动词原形。故选 do better in .句意：你会在学习和生活中做得 6 更好。 . (2018辽宁铁岭)完形填空（共完形填空（共 1

40、0 分，每空分，每空 1 分）分） 根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。 （每个词只能用一次，有两个多余词） Why is “buy things” in Chinese spoken as maidongxi (buy east and west), but not mainanbei (buy south and north)? One theory (假说) says maidongxi has 66 to do with the five elements ( 要 素): jin (metal), mu (wood), shui (water), huo (f

41、ire) and tu (earth). In Chinese culture, the four 67 have to do with these elements. East matches wood, west matches metal, south matches fire, and north matches water. If someone carries nan (south) and bei (north) in a basket, it means to 68 water and fire, which is not even possible. But if one p

42、uts dong (east) and xi (west) in ones basket, of course they can carry metal and wood. There are also more common explanations. One says that in the Tang Dynasty (唐代)， there 69 two popular markets in Changan, the capital of China at that time. One was called the East Market, and the 70 was called th

43、e West Market. When shopping, people usually went to the East Market 71 , and then went to the West Market. As time went 72 , people started to describe shopping as buying east and west.” The last theory is about Chinas trading history. Around the 15th 73 , China began trading with the world, and mo

44、st of its foreign goods (货物) happened to come from the east (Japan) and west (Abrabia). Markets 74 “things from the east and the west”. It was short for “east and west” 75 . Which theory do you prefer? 题材 议论文 话题 买东西 词数 260 【主旨大意】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了为什么“buy things”中文叫“买东西”而不是“买南北” 。文中列举了一些 有关的假设，说明“买东西”的来

45、由。 66.something 【解析】 根据句意 “买东西” 与五种要素有关。 这里考查固定搭配 have something to do with sth. 意为“与有关” 。 67.directions 【解析】从后文可知，东南西北分别对应着金、木、水、火、土，因此本句应该是提到了方向， 又因为是四个方向，所以是复数。 68.carry 【解析】由上句 If someone carries nan (south) and bei (north) in a basket 可知，此处要表达的是用 篮子搬运水和火。因此填 carry。 69.are 【解析】考查 there be 的用法，因后

46、文是复数，所以用 are。 70.other 【解析】考查固定结构 one , the other ，意为“一个，另一个” 。 71.first 【解析】由句意可知，人们先去东市场买，然后去西市场买。所以此处应该填序数词 first。 72.by 【解析】考查固定短语 went by，意思是随着时间的迁移。 73.century 【解析】考查词义，15 世纪，因此填 century。 74.sell 【解析】根据句意可知，市场销售来自于东部和西部的商品。所以填 sell。 75.later 【解析】由句意可知，后来就简称为买东西了。 (2018 辽宁葫芦岛)根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形

47、式填空，使短文完整、正确。 （每个词只能用一 次，有两个多余词） they try soft about so both never such visitor special good when carry be direction later one something along sell by another century other 7 Dear Larry, It was lovely to hear from you again and to know that things are going 66 with you. Thanks for telling me all 67

48、the Chinese Moon Festival. It sounds like you enjoyed a great party in Inner Mongolia（内蒙古）. It makes me think of the festival we took part in 68 we traveled in South Africa. The people there kept many goats （山羊）, as well as sheep and cows. Beef was expensive and was only for very 69 time. In all our

49、 time there we were 70 served beef in the villages, because beef is not usually served to 71 . By the way, I happened to see these pictures and thought youd like to see 72 . A Chinese girl gave Tang Suit to Joan and me when she left school. We 73 them on in the university car park. Someone took photos for us though I was wearing my kilt（苏格兰短褶裙）! It seemed to be 74 different that some suggested that I could start a new look. We wore Tang Suit to a dinner which was held on the ship in August when