2019中考英语真题分类汇编：专题七、短文填空-3. 根据汉语意思填词.doc

1、第 1 页 共 8 页 A）(2019 湖南衡阳湖南衡阳)词汇运用。根据所给汉语或英文首字母写出短文中所缺英语单词。 （共 5 小题，计 5 分） Confucius, a pioneer in the field of (46)_(教育). He was born in the year 551 B.C. He was a great thinker who had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior. His main ideas are about kindness and good manners. He was also a

2、 famous philosopher whose wise sayings have (47)i_ many people in (48)d_ countries. For example, one of his famous saying, “He who learns but does not think is lost; he who thinks but does not learn is in (49)d_”, tell us the (50)_(重要性) of learning and thinking. 体裁 记叙文 话题 历史 词数 100 【主旨大意】孔子，教育界的先锋，出

3、生于公元前 551 年。他还是一位伟大的思想家，对人 性和行为有许多聪明的想法。他的主要思想是善良和礼貌。而且，孔子也是一位著名的哲学 家。 【答案】 46. education 47. influenced 48. different 49. danger 50. importance 【解析】 46. education 所填写词作介词 of 的宾语，应用名词。education 为名词，意为“教育”。 47. influenced 由下文的描写可知，孔子的哲理影响了很多人。have 在这里为助动词，帮助 构成现在完成时，这里需要动词的过去分词。influence 为动词，意为“影响”，其

4、过去分词为 influenced。 48. different 所填写作定语， 修饰名词 countries， 由首字母 d可判断应用意为“不同的”different 填写。 49. danger 由 He who learns but does not think is lost 可推知本句意为“学而不思则罔，思而不 学则殆”，殆有“危险”之意。结合首字母 d 推断填名词 danger。 50. importance 由前面的定冠词 the 提示填名词 importance。 B. 阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空一词) 。 (2019 浙江嘉兴) Cooki

5、ng was once regarded as a necessary part of education in England. But in recent years, it has become less important in schools. As a result, 36 (基础的) cooking and food preparation skills are being lost. It is also making more children overweight, as parents use too much fast food that is 37 (有害的) to

6、their health. The government is worried and is looking for ways to 38 (解决) the problem. A new law has been passed. All secondly schools should offer cooking 39 (课程) to students aged from 11 to 14 years old. They hope that this will encourage people to cook instead of eating_40_(准备好的) meals, fast foo

7、d and snacks. Students will learn to cook for one hour a 41 (星期) for one term. They will learn to use simple and fresh ingredients(原料) to prepare healthy, tasty food, following 42 (说明) . These cooking skills will be helpful in their future life. Schools are also setting up cooking clubs all over the

8、 country. The clubs will 43 (提供) more children with the chance to learn to cook. 第 2 页 共 8 页 There are still difficulties. Head teachers are worried about the things they will need for the cooking. And about 15% of schools do not have 44 (厨房) and there are not enough teachers The speaker from the go

9、vernment 45 (允诺) to train 800 teachers and to give schools 2. 5 million pounds a year to help children from poorer families to pay for ingredients. 体裁 记叙文 话题：4. 日常生活 话题：12. 饮食 词数：272 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在英国做饭是一种基本技能。但是最近几年，变得 不重要了，政府正想一些办法来解决此事。 36. basic 句意：事实上，基础的烹饪与食物准备技能正失去？考查形容词，作定语，表示“基 础的”，应用 b

10、asic。 37. harmful 句意： 当父母亲使用太多的对身体有害的快餐食物时， 更多的孩子也变得超重了。 形容词作表语；表示“有害的”。故答案是 harmful。 38. solve 句意：政府担心，正找一些办法来解决此问题。考查动词， 表示“解决”，因前有 to, 故答案是 solve。 39. courses/ lessons 句意：所有的初中将提供给 11-14 岁的孩子烹饪课程。考查名词，因为是 多节课，故用复数。故答案是 courses/ lessons。 40. ready 句意： 他们希望这将鼓励更多的人做饭,而不是吃准备好的饭， 快餐与小吃。 表示“准 备好的”，应用形

11、容词 ready。 41. week 句意：学生将每学期每周学一小时烹饪。考查名词，表示“星期”，应用 week。 42. instructions/ directions 句意：根据说明书，他们将学会使用简单的，新鲜的原料来准备健 康的，味道好的食物。表示“说明”，应用 instructions/ directions。 43. provide 句意：俱乐部将提供更多的孩子机会学会烹饪。will 表示将来时，后跟动词原形， 表示“提供”。故答案是 provide。 44. kitchens 句意：15%的学校没有厨房，也没有足够的老师。考查名词，表示“厨房”，应用 kitchen。 45.

12、promises 句意：政府来的代言人允诺将训练 800 位老师，同时给学校二百五十万英镑用 来帮助困难家庭的孩子买原料。表示“允诺”，应用 promises。 B.(2019 浙江金华、 丽水)阅读下面短文， 然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。 每空限填一词。 If you are tired of making human connections, Lovet can be a great choice for you.A Japanese company_51_（发明）it in December, 2018. It is a friendly robot which can

13、 make_52_ （孤独的） people feel the love. The_53_（名字）Lovetcomes from the two wordslove and robot.With two bright eyes and a _54_（柔软的）body, Lovet moves around your house and asks you for hugs. It doesnt talk,but chirps（作唧唧声）. Lovet follows you with the help of a _55_（照相机）on its head. It also has abilitie

14、s to tell who you are by reading your face. It can_56_（甚至）remember up to 1000 faces. The robot cannot help you with housework,but it will_57_（发展）your ability to love.It moves around on three wheels and waves its two little_58_（手臂）to show surprise and love, or to ask for a hug. It sleeps when its hug

15、ged and it follows you when it is called. It is _59_（害羞的） around strangers.When you open the door, it will hide_60_（在 后面）you, If you want to make it laugh, just touch it. 第 3 页 共 8 页 Lovet will do all it can to fill you with joy. 体裁 说明文 话题 22. 科普知识与现代技术 (77) 科普知识 词数 219 51.invented 52.lonely 53.name

16、 54.soft 55.camera 56.even 57.develop 58.arms 59.shy 60.behind 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一种友好的机器人Lovet。 51.invented 句意：一家日本公司于 2018 年 12 月发明了它。invent 发明，由时间状语 in December, 2018 可知要用一般过去时。故填 invented。 52.lonely 句意：它是一个友好的机器人，能让孤独的人感受到爱。lonely/alone 孤独的，形 容精神孤独，故填 lonely。 53.name 句意：名字Lovet来自两个单词。name 名字，由谓语

17、动词 comes 可知，要用单数 形式，故填 name。 54.soft 句意：两个明亮的眼睛和_身体，Lovet 在你的房子周围移动，并要求你拥抱。 soft 柔软的，形容词作定语修饰名词 body，故填 soft。 55.camera 句意：Lovet 在头上的照相机的帮助下跟着你。camera 照相机，由不定冠词 a 可 知要用单数，故填 camera。 56.even 句意：它甚至可以记住多达 1000 张脸。even 甚至，副词修饰动词 remember，故 填 even。 57.develop 句意：机器人不能帮你做家务，但它会培养你爱的能力。develop 发展，培养， 一般将来

18、时结构：will+动词原形，故填 develop。 58.arms 句意：它用三个轮子转来转去，挥动它的两只小胳膊，表示惊讶和爱，或者请求拥 抱。arm 手臂，由基数词 two 可知要用复数形式，故填 arm。 59.shy 句意：它在陌生人面前很害羞。shy 害羞的，形容词作表语，故填 shy。 60.behind 句意：当你打开门的时候，它会藏在你身后，如果你想让它发笑，只需触摸它。 behind 在后面，符合题意，故填 behind。 (2019 浙江衢州) 五、词汇运用(共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分) 根据短文内容和所给中文提示，写出空白处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词

19、。 (2019 浙江衢州) Many people go to Utah because they love hiking in Bryce Canyon National Park. They enjoy 51 (岩石) climbing, camping and so on. However, some people go to Utah for a very _52 (不同的) experience. The Boulder Outdoor Survival(生存) School (BOSS) in Utah is the worlds oldest survival school. I

20、t teaches people how to stay alive outside without tents, or even backpacks. In Bryce Canyon, the days are very 53 (热的) and the nights are very cold. Not everyone wants to go and experience life without modern 54 (发明) like smart phones and e-books. Students at BOSS quickly learn that it is important

21、 to work hard and _55 (尝试) new things if they want to complete the training. In survival camps at BOSS, students dont just practice camping, hiking or 56 (骑) horses. They go into the wild for days or weeks. They learn how to find 57 (新鲜的) water for drinking. They also learn how to make a fire, use a

22、 58 (小刀) and find food to eat. Nature can often give them 59 (每件事) they need to survive. After these people go back to the real world, they may never use these skills again. Even if they dont, at 60 (至少) they will always know that they can live without computers, 第 4 页 共 8 页 electricity, and smart p

23、honeseven if it is only for a few days! 【答案】51. rock 52. different 53. hot 54. inventions 55. try 56. riding 57. fresh 58. knife 59. everything 60. least 体裁： 说明文 话题：8. 合作与交流 话题：13. 自我保护 话题：18. 使用互联网 词数 261 【主旨大意】 本文是说明文。 介绍了世界上最古老的生存学校位于美国犹他州的 Boulder Outdoor Survival（生存）学校（BOSS） 。它教人们如何在没有帐篷，甚至背包的情

24、况下在户 外活着。他们可以在没有电脑，电力和智能手机的情况下生活几天。 【解析】 51. rock 本题考查名词修饰名词，除了含有 man、woman，修饰名词时，两者都需要用复 数形式，其余名词修饰名词，前者的名词只有单数形式。故答案是 rock。 52. different 观察 a very experience， 其中的 very 修饰其后的形容词原级， 表示“不同的”， 应用 different。故答案是 different。 53. hot 根据句中的 are very， 可知此处应用形容词的原级， 与 are 构成系表结构。 表示“热的”， 应用 hot。 54. inventi

25、ons 根据空格后的 like smart phones and e-books 可知此处是“多项发明创造”，其次 空格前的 modern，没有不定冠词 a 或 an，可知此处应用复数形式。故答案是 inventions。 55. try 本题考查固定句型 It is + adj. + to do sth，根据句中的 and，此处承前省略 to，应用动 词原形。表示“尝试”，应用 try。 56. rising 根据前面的 camping、hiking，此处也应该用动词“骑马”的-ing 形式，即 riding。 57. fresh 根据形容词修饰其后的名词，此处表示“新鲜的”，应用 fres

26、h。 58. knife 空格前有 a，说明此处应用可数名词的单数形式。表示“小刀”，应用 knife。 59. everything 本题考查 give 后接双宾语结构，此处表示“每件事”，应用 everything。 60. least 考查固定短语，表示“至少”，应用 at least。故答案是 least。 B.根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空一词。 (2019 浙江台州)When I began working at Hillcrest High School three years ago, I was introduced to Sharon Dunn

27、, the schools headmistress. Her smart appearance and warm, friendly 51 (表情) made me like her at once. She is a small-boned, smiling 52 (女士) in her early fifties. She has shining blue eyes and soft 53 (银灰色的) hair. Although she dresses simply, she always manages to look nice. She is a very fair- minde

28、d person who 54 (对待) everyone at the school in the same way. Even when she is upset, she is actually very calm, which is shown by her ability to 55 (克制) her feelings in the most difficult situations. Her quiet voice and gentle, 56 (有礼貌 的) manner make her popular with the children. Ms. Dunn has no ch

29、ildren of her 57 (自己的), however, she says that she feels like a mother to all of the children in her school. In fact, she has no time for family life, since she gives her life to her job completely, Besides dealing with different leading 58 (任务)every day, she always takes time to talk to the teacher

30、s and parents 59 (耐心地). To my mind, Sharon Dunn is an educational 60 (专家) who is a wonderful role model, 第 5 页 共 8 页 not only for the children but for the teachers, as well. 体裁：记叙文 话题：1. 个人情况(1) 个人情况(5) 工作与职业 词数：250 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述一位和蔼可亲、平易近人、公正待人的女校长。她一 心扑在事业上，没有自己的孩子，但她却像全校学生的妈妈，受到全校师生的好评。 【答案】5

31、1.expression(s) 52.lady 53.silver 54.treats 55.control 56.polite 57.own 58.tasks 59.patiently 60.expert 【解析】 51.expression(s) 分析句子成分可知，形容词修饰名词，在这里既可以用单数也可以用复数。 表情”为 expression，故填 expression(s)。 52.lady 前面有不定冠词 a，应该填可数名词的单数。“女士”为 lady，故填 lady。 53.silver 分析句子成分可知，此处修饰头发要用形容词。“银灰色的”为 silver，故填 silver。

32、54.treats 主语为 a person，故谓语动词用第三人称单数修饰。“对待”为 treat，故填 treats。 55.control 动词不定式作 her ability 的后置定语。“克制”为 control，故填 control。 56.polite 分析句子成分可知，形容词修饰 manner。“礼貌的”为 polite，故填 polite。 57.own “自己的”为 own，常常放在形容词性物主代词之后。故填 own。 58.tasks 分析句子结构，缺少完整的宾语，且有 different 来修饰，应该用 task 的复数形式。 “任务”为 task，故填 tasks。 5

33、9.patiently 句意“她总是花费时间和老师、家长耐心地谈心”。修饰谓语动词，应用副词 patiently。“耐心的”为 patient，故填 patiently。 60.expert 由句意可知，“Sharon 是一位教育专家”。“专家”为 expert。故填 expert。 (2019 浙江温州) B.根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。 Lydia runs, and picks up rubbish along the way. What she does is called “plogging”, an activity combining collect

34、ing rubbish with running. Last 46 (六月) she first learned the idea of plogging on the Internet and decided to plog. Lydia runs four or 47 (五) times a week and takes a daily walk with her two dogs. She often wears her gloves and takes several 48 (袋子) when she goes out. Sometimes she spends 49 (一半；半数)

35、an hour collecting rubbish. She says she 50 (浪费) the last few years of her running life. Now she feels 51 (更好的) to do plogging than just running by the river. “It just takes a moment to stop and pick something up off the ground. 52 (然而)，it makes big difference to my community. Now my husband also 53

36、 (加入) me,” Lydia says 54 (自豪地). “It doesnt matter how much rubbish I pick up. Its a good way to protect our 55 (星球). 体裁 说明文 话题 1.体育健身 2.环境保护 词数 194 非中文单词：169 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了 Lydia 所做的跑步捡垃圾这项运动。介绍了她 每日坚持的这项运动的过程和意义，最后她的丈夫也加入这项运动来保护我们的地球环境。 46.June 根据汉语提示，用 June 表示“六月”。 47.five 前文的基数词 four 提示 or

37、联结的是基数词。用 five 表示“五”。 48.bags 用名词 bag 表示“袋子”，several 修饰名词复数形式。 49.half 用 half 表示“半”，half an hour 表示“半小时”。 50.wasted/ has wasted用动词waste表示“浪费”， 根据句意可以用一般过去时表示过去的动作， 也可以用现在完成时态强调到现在为止的动作。 51.better 系动词 feel 后用 good 的比较级 better 表示“更好”。 第 6 页 共 8 页 52.However 空格后的逗号提示用副词 however 表示“然而”。 53.joins 用动词 joi

38、n 表示“加入某人或某团体”，时间状语 now 提示用一般现在时态，主语 my husband 是第三人称单数，因此动词也要用第三人称单数。 54.proudly 根据汉语提示，此处需要用副词 proudly 修饰动词 say，表示“自豪地说”。 55.planet 根据汉语提示用 planet 表示“星球”，指卫星。 （2019 浙江绍兴） B.阅读下面短文， 然后根据括号内所给含义意思写出单词的正确形式 （阅读下面短文， 然后根据括号内所给含义意思写出单词的正确形式 （每每 空一词空一词 ） 。） 。 A group of rubbish collectors in Turkey are

39、recycling the books that people have thrown away. They have _51_ (已经) created a mobile library. There are now over 9, 000 books, which are divided into 20 kinds, including _52_ (医学的) care, politics, literature, history, healthy living and so on. The library is inside a _53_ (卡车) that tours schools i

40、n the countryside. They hope to create a greater passion (热情) for reading books in children, _54_ (尤其) in the age of mobile phones and computers. Many schools do not have a reading room or their _55_ (自己的) library. The library has got lots of attention in Turkey. People from all over Turkey are _56_

41、 (送) their old books to the library. A _57_ (女士) working at the mobile library said, “The interest is growing. Each day we have guests coming here to _58_ (借) books or have a quiet time to read.” The director of the library said, “We have books here for kids aged from four to _59_ (十), and books for

42、 older children, like world classics and _60_ (诗). We hope that it will develop their love for books.” 体裁：说明文 话题：社会组织 词数：202 【主旨大意】本文主要介绍“土耳其的移动图书馆”。该图书馆通过回收旧书，供人们借阅使 用。 【答案】51.already 52.medical 53.truck 54.especially 55.own 56.sending/giving 57.lady 58.borrow 59.ten 60.poems 【解析】 51.already 句意：他们已

43、经成立了一个移动图书馆。该句子为现在完成时态，且根据汉语提 示知填 already“已经”。 52.medical 句意：现有书籍 9000 余本，分为 20 种，包括“医学”、“政治”、“文学”、“历史”、 “健康生活”等。 根据汉语提示及关键词“care” ， 可知答案， medical care 为固定搭配， 意为“医 疗保健/护理”。故填 medical“医学的，医疗的”。 53.truck 句意：图书馆在乡村旅游学校的卡车里。空格前有不定冠词 a 限定，且根据汉语 知填 truck“卡车”。 54.especially 句意：他们希望为儿童读书创造更大的热情，尤其是在手机和电脑（飞速

44、发展 的）时代。根据汉语提示可知填 especially“尤其，特别”。 55.own 句意：许多学校没有阅览室或他们自己的图书馆。根据汉语提示可知填 own“自己 的”。 56.sending/giving 句意：来自土耳其各地的人们将他们的旧书送到图书馆。观察句式特点， 且空格前有系动词 are，则推出该句子时态为现在进行时态，故能表达“送”的含义的词可填 sending 或 giving。 57.lady 句意：一位工作在移动图书馆的女士说：“（阅读）兴趣蔚然成风”。根据汉语提示 可知填 lady“女士”。 58.borrow 句意：每天我们都有客人来这里借书，或者有一个安静的时间阅读。

45、根据汉语可 知填 borrow“借”。 第 7 页 共 8 页 59.ten 句意：我们这里有供四到十岁孩子看的书，from four to ten“从四到十岁”。 60.poems 句意：对于大一些的孩子来说，我们有世界古典书籍和诗集（等） 。根据汉语提示 可知填 poems“诗”。 (2019 浙江湖州)六、六、 单词拼写单词拼写(本题有本题有 9 小题小题,每小题每小题 1 分分,共共 9 分分) 根据短文内容和所给中文提示,在空白处写出正确的单词。每空限填一词。 In Chinese lunar calendar,people_57_（划分）the year into 24 solar

46、 terms（节 气）.Start of Summer means the coming of a new _58_（季节）of summer,and it begins on May 6 and ends on May 21 this year.The temperature will _59_（上升）quickly during this period. Here are three things about how Chinese greet the Start of Summer. Checking ones weight The _60_(风俗)of weighing people

47、at the Start of Summer started from the Three Kingdoms Period and is _61_(仍然)popular in South Chinese today.Its said that this practice will bring health and good luck to the people weighed. Eating eggs In ancient China,people believed a _62_（圆的）egg was a symbol of a happy life and eating eggs on th

48、e day of Start of Summer was a good_63_(愿望)for good health.People put leftover tea into boiled water together with eggs to create tea egg.Today it has become a _64_（当地的）snack in many places of China. Taking care of the heart According to Chinese traditional medicine,Start of Summer is a key time to

49、moisten the heart.When it grows hot,heat can affect human health.So people_65_（更喜欢）food such as fruit and vegetables rich in vitamins and cool in nature. 体裁：记叙文 话题：15. 天气 词数：227 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍三种欢迎夏初到来的三件事。 57.divide【解析】句意：在中国的农历中，人们把一年分成 24 个节气。Divide 划分，讲述 客观事实用一般现在时，主语为复数，故填 divide。 58.season【解析】句意：夏初意味着一个新的夏季季节的到来，它从 5 月 6 日开始到今年 5 月 21 日结束。Season 季节，由不定冠词 a 可知要用单数形式，故填 season。 59.rise【解析】句意：在此期间，温度将