2019中考英语真题分类汇编：专题七、短文填空-2. 首字母填词.doc

1、第 1 页 共 18 页 B. (2019 江苏连云港)根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。 Every year in early October, Albuquerque International Balloon Festival is (51) h_ in Albuquerque, the biggest city in New Mexico. Because of the great number of balloons, it is the worlds (52) l_ ballooning event. For more than 30 years, guests

2、from all over the world come to Albuquerque in October to celebrate ballooning. In 2018，over 900, 000 people (53) a_ this event. There were over 500 balloons in the event with over 1,000 pilots. When (54) h_ of colorful balloons flew up high, the sky of Albuquerque became a moving cartoon. It was fu

3、ll of colors and special characters. It was a time when (55) d_ came true and romance filled the sky. Grown-ups and children were amazed and joyful during the balloon festival. 体裁：记叙文 话题：10. 节假日活动 （30）节日与假日 话题：29. 社会热点 词数：127 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了阿尔布开克国际气球节的庆祝活动。 【答案】51. held 52. largest 53. attended

4、 54. hundreds 55. dreams 【解析】 51. held 考查被动语态。句意：每年十月初，阿尔伯克基国际气球节在阿尔伯克基举行。由 于气球节是被举行，故要用被动语态，单词 hold“举行，举办”，故答案为 held。 52. largest 考查形容词比较级。 根据前半句“由于气球数量众多”可推测， 它是世界上最大的 热气球比赛项目，故此处答案为 largest“最大的”。 53. attended 考查动词。根据 over 900, 000 people 可知后面需要动词作谓语，又 In 2018 时 间状语为一般过去时，故答案为 attended。 54. hundre

5、ds 考查数词。固定短语 hundreds of“数以百计的”根据后句中 colorful balloons flew up high“五颜六色的气球飞得很高”可知，是数以百计的气球，故答案为 hundreds。 55. dreams 考查名词。根据后半句“浪漫弥漫在天空”可知，此时应该是一个梦想成真的时 刻，此处要用名词的复数形式，故答案为 dreams。 B) (2019 江苏南京)请根据短文内容及首字母提示， 填写 所缺单词， 并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 66-75 的相应 位置上。 Chinese writing is one of the worlds greatest writin

6、g systems. It is more w_66_ in use than alphabetic(字 母的) writing systems. More than half of the worlds books are written in Chinese, including historical writing and novels, along with writing on government and law. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based l_67_. It dates back several t

7、housand years to the u_68_ of animals bones and shells on which symbols were carved(刻) by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbos can still be seen in t_69_ hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into dif

8、ferent forms, as it was a time when people were d_70_ geographically, leading to different dialects(方言) and characters. This, however, c_71_ 第 2 页 共 18 页 under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty. Emperor Qinshihuang united(统一) the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing sys

9、tem began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great i_72_ in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still c_73_ in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important method to c_74_ China

10、s present with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. Today, Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a g_75_ role in the world, an increasing number of international students are beginni

11、ng to appreciate(欣赏) Chinas culture through this amazing language. Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture wherever it goes. 体裁：说明文 话题 (65) 语言与文化 话题 (73) 国家与民族 话题 (76) 文化习俗 话题 23. 历史与社会 词数：281 【主旨大意】汉字是中国文化的重要组成部分，它经历了象形字、会意字、指事字和形声字 等几个阶段，秦并吞了六国后，统一了文字，对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。 当今， 随着中国在世界上发挥着巨大的作用， 越来越

12、多的国际学生开始通过这种神奇的语言 欣赏中国的文化。书面汉语无论到哪里都传播着中国文化。 【答案】66. widely 67. language 68. use 69. todays 70. divided 71. changed 72. importance municate 74. connect 75. great/greater 【解析】 66. widely 句意：它比字母的书写系统更广泛地被使用。 67. language 句意：起初，书面汉语是一种基于图片的语言。 68. use 句意：它可以追溯到几千年前，中国古代人在动物的骨头和贝壳上刻上符号。 69. todays 句意：在

13、今天的汉字中仍然可以看到一些古代的符号。 70. divided 句意：多年来，该系统发展成不同的形式，因为当时人们在地理上被划分，导致 不同的方言和字符。 71. changed 句意：然而，这在秦始皇统治下发生了变化。 72. importance 句意：这一写作体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。 municate 句意：即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，或说什么方言，他们都可以用书 面形式交流。 74. connect 句意：书面汉语也成为连接中国现在和过去的一种重要方法。 75. great/greater 句意：着中国在世界上发挥着巨大/更大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始 通

14、过这种神奇的语言欣赏中国的文化。 第三节短文填空(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分） 根据短文内容和首字母提示，把文中所缺词语补 充出来， 使短文完整正确 （每空限填一词)， 并将该单词的完整形式写在答题卡相应编号后的横线上。 (2019四川南充) In some western countries, some people dont like the number 13 because they think 13 is an unlucky number. For example, they dont like to live on the thirteenth floor. One even

15、ing, Mr. Smith asked some friends to get 76. t _. When all of his friends arrived, he asked them to sit at the table for 77. d . He began to 78. c the people. Suddenly, he cried out, “ Oh, there are thirteen people here!” Everyones face looked pale 79. e _ Mr. Brown. He said with a smile, “Dont 第 3

16、页 共 18 页 worry, my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks. So we have 80. f people here. ” All of the friends became happy again. “Congratulations!” they said to Mr. Brown. They all had a good time that evening. 体裁：说明文 话题：21. 文化习俗 词数：138 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一些西方国家不幸运的数字 13 引出的令人 高兴的故事。 【答

17、案】76. together. 77. dinner 78. count 79. except 80. fourteen 【解析】76. together句意：一天晚上，史密斯先生请几个朋友聚在一起。get together为固定短 语，意为“聚会”。 77. dinner 由后面的情景可推知，当他所有的朋友都到了，他请他们坐在桌旁就“餐”。正餐用 dinner。 78. count 由下一句 “ Oh, there are thirteen people here!”，可知他开始“数”数。此处用动词 count“数”。 79. except 由下文“他笑着说”可知除了布朗先生，每个人的脸都显

18、得苍白。except“除之外”， 故填except。 80. fourteen由上文“我妻子几个星期后就要生孩子了”可知我们这里有 13+1=14，共十四个人。 故填fourteen。 八、八、(2019 天津)综合填空（本大题共综合填空（本大题共 10 小题，每小题小题，每小题 1 分，共分，共 10 分）分） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 (2019 天津)The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa, faced a very big challenge (挑战). They didnt have a school for

19、their kids. Then the village elder thought of an i_76_. He said that there was an old, abandoned(废 弃的) farmhouse. It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing (装设备) it. All the villagers were p_77_ with his suggestion and started the project immediately. The parents repaired the

20、 broken walls. Some villagers d_78_ the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. The others helped make desks and chairs for the students, Still, there was much more work to do. But the rains were coming. They had to s_79_ working for the school as it was now the best time for them to pl

21、ant. So, the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house t_80_. They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened. They didnt want to delay (耽搁) their studies. Every day they were busy with work like cutting the grass and clearing the bushes. The news about the project

22、s_81_ and many people knew it. Two teachers who worked for the countrys Dependent of Education arrived to help out, and two foreign visitors were also touched (感动) by the childrens a_82_. They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery. After 10 days of hard work, the new school was r_83

23、_. The kids were very happy but a bit worriedthey were behind in their studies. Besides (除之外) this, they also faced many d_84_. There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students. And two or three students had to share one book. However, the children are happy to study in schoole_85_ in their

24、 new school which they helped to build. Though their school might not be modern, their dream of having a school near their homes has come true. 体裁： 记叙文 话题：5. 学校 话题：26. inspiration 词数：342 第 4 页 共 18 页 【答案】76. idea 77. pleased 78. divided 79. stop 80. themselves 81. spread 82. actions 83. ready 84. di

25、fficulties 85. especially 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文中主要讲述了非洲 Mhangeni 地区的村民、孩子们及志 愿者帮助建造新学校，孩子们珍惜学习机会并努力学习的故事。 76. idea 考查名词。根据首字母以及后一句描述可知，名词 idea 符合语境，意指“想出了一 个主意”。空格前有不定冠词 an，因此 idea 用单数。 77. pleased 考查形容词。联系下文“started the project immediately.”以及首字母可知，形容词 pleased 符合语境，意指“所有人对这个建议都很满意”。 78. divided 考查动词。根据语

26、境及首字母可知，动词 divide 符合语境，意指“把房子分成三 间教室”。本文叙述的是发生在过去的事情，因此此处用 divide 的过去式。 79. stop 考查动词。联系前一句及首字母可知，动词 stop 符合语境，意指“不得不停下来”。 空格前 to 是不定式符号，因此 stop 用原形。 80. themselves 考查反身代词。联系后一句可知，此处指孩子们决定靠自己完成这所房子。 by oneself 靠自己，根据首字母提示可知，此处为反身代词 themselves。 81. spread 考查动词。联系下文“many people knew it”及首字母可知，动词 sprea

27、d 符合语境。 此处描述的是过去发生的动作， 因此 spread 用过去式。 spread 的过去式与原形动词词形一致， 因此没有词形变化。 82. actions 考查名词。根据本段前文描述以及首字母可知，名词 action 符合语境，意指“孩 子们的行动”。此处表示多个孩子们的多种多次行动，因此 action 用复数形式。 83. ready 考查形容词。联系后一句及首字母可知，形容词 ready 符合语境，意指“新学校准 备好了”。 84. difficulties 考查名词。根据首字母及后两句描述可知，名词 difficulty 符合语境，意指“他 们也面临许多困难”。根据空格前 ma

28、ny 可知，此处名词用复数形式。 85. especially 考查副词。 分析语境可知， 此处单词表示语义上的递进关系， 根据首字母可知， 副词 especially 符合语境，意指“尤其是在他们帮助建造的新学校里面”。 (2019 湖北咸宁)八、短文填空八、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处写出适当的单词，单词首字母已阅读下面短文，在空白处写出适当的单词，单词首字母已 给出。给出。有的词请 注意词形的变化！(共 12 个空，做对一个得 1 分，共 10 分） Confucius is the greatest teacher in Chinese history. He was born o

29、n (66) S_ 28th, 551B.C. in the Kingdom of Lu, in todays Shandong Province. When he was young, he and his mother had a hard (67) l_. At the age of fifteen, he began to learn music, and he did well in it. Then he went on (68) l_ other subjects. When he was thirty, he (69) b_ a teacher. He started his

30、own school. He believed everyone should have a chance to get education whether they were (70) r_ or poor. He had about 3, 000 (71) s_ and many of them became famous. Chinese see Confucius as the greatest thinker (72) w_ had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior. And he is also regarded (73

31、) a_ the greatest teacher. His most important ideas are about kindness and (74) g_ manners. He said young people should (75) t_ care of the old. People should not only always think of themselves, but work for (76) o_. His ideas are around in peoples everyday life. Today people can still hear the ide

32、as, and they even go far into east (77) a_ south Asia. 体裁：说明文 话题：23. 著名人物 词数：195 第 5 页 共 18 页 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍的是我国伟大的思想家、教育家孔子的生平事迹和主 要贡献。他的思想对古今中外的人们都影响深远。 66. September 根据后面的 28th 及前面的 s 可知应该是九月“September”。故填 September。 67. life 句意：当他年轻的时候，他和妈妈生活很艰苦。结合句意及首字母 l 可知应该填 life“生活”。 68. learning 结合前面的“学

33、习音乐”及后面的“other subjects”和首字母 l 可知应该填 learn“学 习”， 由前面的 went on 可知应该用 learning。 go on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”。 故填 learning。 69. became 句意：当他 30 岁时，他成为一名老师。become“成为”结合句意可知应该用其过 去式 became。 70. rich 根据后面的 or poor 可知应该填 rich“富有”。 71. students 根据常识可知孔子有 3000 名学生。由首字母 s 及句意可知填 students“学生”。 72. who 分析句子的结构可知本句

34、是定语从句，先行词是 thinker“思想家”关系代词应该用 who。 73. as regard as “把看作”。结合句意可知填 as。 74. good/great 句意：他的重要思想是关于仁慈和好的礼仪。good/great manners“有礼貌的”。 故填 good/ great。 75. take take care of“照顾”是固定短语。故填 take。 76. others 人们不应该仅仅考虑自己，而且要考虑别人。others 表示“其他人”，故填 others。 77. and 现在人们仍然能听到他的思想，甚至他的思想传到东亚和南亚。结合 east 和 south 及首字

35、母 a 可知应该填 and。 (2019 湖北襄阳)六、短文综合填空（本大题共 10 个空，每空 1 分，满分 10 分） 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在短文空白处填入一个恰当的词，使短文内 容完整、通顺，并将所填单词填写在答题卡上相应的题号后。 Most adults find it hard to remember the things happened while they were children. Now scientists have found exactly when these memories d _(76). A new study has found t

36、hat most three-year-old children can remember a lot of what happened to them a year e_ (77), and these memories are still clear while they are 5 and 6, but by the time they are over 7, these memories become weaker r_ (78). Most children by the age of 8 or 9 can only remember 35% of their e_ (79) fro

37、m under the age of 3, according to the new studies. The scientists say this is because at around this age the way we form (形成) memories begins to change. They say that before the age of 7 children do not have a s_ (80) of time and place in their memories. In older children, however, the early things

38、 they can remember become more adult-like in the way they are formed. Children also have a far faster speed of f_ (81) than adults. The discoveries also help to explain why children can often have clear memories of what they have done, b_ (82) then forget them just several years later. The children

39、were organized to the laboratory for the first time at the age of 3 and discussed 6 impressed (印象深刻的) things from their past, such as the first relaxing trip with your family, the first d_ (83) accident you met, and the first day of school. The children then returned for a second s_(84) between the

40、ages of 5 and 9 to discuss the same things. The scientists found that between the ages of 5 and 7, the amount (量) of memories that the children could remember r_(85) between 63% 72%. However, between the ages of 8 to 9, the amount of memories that the children could remember fell to between 35% 36%.

41、 题材：说明文 话题：22科普知识与现代技术 词数：324 第 6 页 共 18 页 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过几个具体的事例告诉我们，随着年龄的增长、记忆方 式的不同，人的记忆量有所下降的原因。 【答案】 76. disappeared 77. earlier 78. rapidly 79. experiences 80. sense 81. forgetting 82. but 83. dangerous 84. scene/ session 85. remained 【解析】 76. disappeared 根据前句 Most adults find it hard to rem

42、ember the things happened while they were children. 推知，后句意为：现在科学家确切地找到了这些记忆消失的时间。故填 disappeared。 77. earlier 根据后句 and these memories are still clear while they are 5 and 6,推知前句意为：多 数三岁的孩子能够记住一年前他们所发生的事情。故填 earlier。 78. rapidly 联系前句 and these memories are still clear while they are 5 and 6, 推知， 后面意为：

43、 但是当他们 7 岁多的时候，这些记忆很快变模糊。故填 rapidly。 79. experiences 联系前后得知，此句意为：据新的研究得知，多数 8-9 岁的孩子能记住他们 在 3 岁之前的 35%的经历。故填 experiences。 80. sense 联系前后文而知：他们说 7 岁前的孩子在他们的记忆中没有时间和位置的意识。 故填 sense。 81. forgetting 据前句 In older children, however, the early things they can remember become more adult-like in the way they

44、 are formed.推知此句意为：孩子忘事的速度也会比成人快。故 填 forgetting。 82. but 据前半句 The discoveries also help to explain why children can often have clear memories of what they have done,推知后半句意为：但是很快几年后就忘了。故填 but。 83. dangerous 联系前文such as the first relaxing trip with your family,和后文and the first day of school，推知此句意为：你遇见

45、的第一次危险事故。故填 dangerous。 84. scene/ session 根据该段首句的 The children were organized to the laboratory for the first time at the age of 3 and discussed 6 impressed (印象深刻的) things from their past,，推知此句应 为：然后 5 到 9 岁的孩子参加下一场讨论相同的问题。故填 scene / session。 85. remained 联系后文 However, between the ages of 8 to 9, th

46、e amount of memories that the children could remember fell to between 35% 36%.推知该句意为： 科学家发现 5 至 7 岁的孩 子们的记忆数量保留在 63% 至 72%之间。故填 remained。 七、短文填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺。(请 在答题卡上写出完整单词) (10 分) (2019 江苏泰州)Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand smoke. But have you (71

47、)h_ of “third-hand” smoke? Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces(表面)of things around , (72) l_ furniture or clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子)in tobacco(烟草)smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette(香烟)has bee

48、n put out. This can cause a great danger to your family, (73)e_ younger children. Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is (74) b_ they are often close to surfaces of things, such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they (75) t_ these surfaces, they get their hands polluted. 第 7 页 共 18 页 So, it is necessary and important to say (76) n_ to third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict (77)r_ for forbidding(禁止)smoking inside homes should be carried out. If one of your family members smo