1、1 - 第一节 语法填空 【题型总览】 试卷 年份 语篇 类型 主题 语境 有提示词类 无提示词类 谓 语 动 词 非 谓 语 动 词 词 性 转 换 名 词 代 词 比 较 等 级 冠 词 介 词 副 词 代 词 连 词 与 从 句 全国 卷 2020 说明 文 人与 自然 宇宙 探索 3 1 2 1 3 2019 说明 文 人与 自然 动物 介绍 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2018 说明 文 人与 自我 跑步 运动 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 全国 卷 2020 说明 文 人与 社会 传统 文化 1 3 3 1 1 1 2019 记叙 文 人与 自我 人物 介绍 2 3 2 1 2
2、2018 说明 文 人与 自然 生态 保护 2 2 3 1 1 1 全国 卷 2020 记叙 文 人与 自我 伟大 的艺 术家 2 2 2 1 1 2 - 2 - 2019 记叙 文 人与 自我 旅行 经历 2 2 3 1 1 1 2018 记叙 文 人与 自我 森林 偶遇 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 【策略点睛】 1利用体裁特点解题 快速通读整篇文章,了解其体裁特征,理清其逻辑关系,初步摸清文章的主题、大意、 时态、写法等,给分析句子和填空提供可靠的逻辑推理依据。 2利用句法分析解题 语法填空主要是从语法角度入手,对句子结构进行分析。简单句要分析其成分是否完整; 每种成分由什么样的词性来
3、充当;复合句要弄清从句的作用以及主从句之间的逻辑关系;特 殊句式要分析是否符合其固定的格式。 3利用习惯搭配解题 英语中有许多固定的词组、短语和句型,在通读全文的基础上,认真分析句子结构,准 确辨识句子中的这些固定搭配,利用平时的积累,基本上凭语感就可以解题。 4利用语篇标志解题 语篇是一系列连续的语段或句子所构成的语言整体,其中各成分之间,在形式上是衔接 的,在语义上是连贯的。起到语篇之间联系作用的词语就是语篇标志。如:firstly,secondly, next 等表示次序和列举; again, moreover, what is more 等表示递进: similarly, equall
4、y, as with 等表示相似;so,altogether,thus,in short 等表示总结等。利用这些语篇标志有助于准确把握 句子之间的逻辑关系,弄清文章的来龙去脉。 A (2020 高考全国卷) China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Change- 4 probe(探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess61._(touch)down last we
5、ek in the South Pole- Aitken basin.Landing on the moons far side is 62._(extreme)challenging.Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63._ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far s
6、ide of the moon is of particular 64._(interesting)to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形 山),more so 65._ the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change- 4 66._(find)and study areas of the South Pole- Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists,”
7、 Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says, “because it 67._(mean)we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68._(construct)”Data about the moons composition,such as how 69._ ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether 70._(it)plans for a future luna
8、r(月球的)base are practical. 语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。描写了我国“嫦娥四号”月球探测器在月球背面成功 着陆并展开探索的壮举。 61解析:考查时态。根据句子结构,“the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess”部分是对月球探测器名称的解释, 可以看作插入成分。 故可判断出空格处是谓语动词。 再根据句中的时间状语 last week 可知此处用一般过去时。touch down 降落,着陆。 答案:touched 62解析:考查词性转换。修饰形容词 challenging 要用副词。故填 extremel
9、y。 - 3 - 答案:extremely 63解析: 考查定语从句的引导词。根据结构可知,空格后面是一个句子,而空格前是 一个名词。结合句意可知,空格后的句子是定语从句。利用定语从句的知识,可判断出用关 系副词 where。 答案:where 64解析:考查词性转换。科学家对月球背面尤其感兴趣。sth.be of interest to sb.某物让 某人感兴趣。 答案:interest 65 解析: 考查more.than.的用法。 根据前面的more可知, 此处考查连词than。 more.than. 比多。“月球背面有很多深深的环形山,比我们熟悉的近侧更多。” 答案:than 66解析
10、:考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知,此空处是非谓语动词。结合句意可知, 此处用不定式表示目的。 答案:to find 67解析:考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知,此空处是谓语动词。本句引用了 Carle Pieters 的话,结合句意可知空格处要用一般现在时。主语为 it,谓语动词用第三人称单 数形式。 答案:means 68解析:考查时态和语态。句意:月球是如何形成的。根据句意和句子结构可知,空 格处要用一般现在时的被动语态。 答案:is constructed 69解析:考查 how much 的用法。ice 是不可数名词,故表达询问“多少冰” 时用 how much ice。 答案:
11、much 70解析:考查代词。根据结构可知空格处的词应是 plans 的定语,故需填形容词性物主 代词 its。 答案:its B (2020 高考全国卷) Decorating with Plants,Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a 61._(celebrate)marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.This is why decorating with plants , fruits and flowers
12、62._(carry)special significance.They represent the earth 63._(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country: Oranges: Orange trees are more 64._ decoration;they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and
13、you see them many times 65._ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.66._(certain)during the holiday period,this plant is a must.Bamboo plants are associated 67._ health,abunda
14、nce and a happy home.They are easy 68._(care)for and make great presents. Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花): The 69._(beauty)long branches covered with pink- colored buds(蓓蕾)make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are 70._ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化) They represent the promise of s
15、pring and a renewal of life. 语篇解读 本文介绍了中国许多地区在春节期间用橘树、竹子和梅花枝条装饰家居的传 统风俗以及它们的寓意。 61解析:考查词性转换。根据空前面的不定冠词 a 可知此处需要名词,空后面的现在分 词短语作定语修饰名词 celebration。 答案:celebration - 4 - 62解析:考查主谓一致和时态。此处 why 引导表语从句,表语从句中主语是 decorating with plants,fruits and flowers,空处作谓语。因为文章介绍的是中国现在仍然流行的一些习俗, 所以用一般现在时。单个动词的ing 形式作主语,
16、谓语动词用单数形式,所以填 carries。 答案:carries 63解析:考查非谓语动词。represent 表示“代表”,后面接动词的- ing 形式作宾语,此 处指它们代表大地复苏以及对新的开始的美好祝愿。 答案:coming 64解析:考查固定搭配。more than 在此处表示“不仅仅”。句意:橘树不仅仅是装饰 物,它们还是好运和财富的象征。 答案:than 65解析:考查非谓语动词。此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构。them 作 see 的宾 语,指代橘树,和 decorate 之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词 decorated 作宾语补足语。 答案:decorated 66解
17、析:考查词性转换。此处副词位于句首修饰整个句子。 答案:Certainly 67解析:考查固定搭配。be associated with 是固定搭配,表示“和有联系,与 有关”。 答案:with 68解析:考查非谓语动词。“主语(具体的人或物)be形容词动词不定式”是一个 固定句型,表示主语的特征,其中动词不定式只能用主动形式。此句型可以转换成 it(形式主 语)be形容词动词不定式。 答案:to care 69解析:考查词性转换。此处需要形容词和 long 并列修饰后面的名词 branches。 答案:beautiful 70解析:考查冠词。the first 表示“第一个(人或事物)”。此
18、处指梅花是第一个开花的。 答案:the 题型一 有提示词类 一、提示词为动词原形 (一)考查方向为谓语形式 (2020新 高 考 全 国 卷 ) The parts of a museum open to the public _(call)galleries or rooms.Often , only a small part of a museums collection _(be)on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research. (2020 高考全国卷)As/When he asked the villagers on
19、the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist,they smiled and _(point)down the river. - 5 - (2019高 考 全 国 卷 ) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut _(report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 思维趋向 若句中没
20、有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并 列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词,就要考虑其时态和语态,还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。 答案与解析 例 1 are called 考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。该空为句子的谓语部分,主语 parts 为可数名词复数, 与 call 之间为动宾关系, 应用被动语态; 依据 it is stored 可知用一般现在时。 is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为句子的谓语,本句陈述的是一般事实,应用一 般现在时;“a part of名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于 of 后的名词是单数还是复数, 根据 collection 为单数可知,谓语
21、动词应用单数形式。 例 2 pointed 考查动词的时态。设空处与 and 前的 smiled 并列,叙述过去的事情,应用 一般过去时。 例 3 have reported 考查时态。 根据句中的时间状语 in recent years 可判断用现在完成时。 (二)考查方向为非谓语形式 (2020 高考浙江卷 1 月) The first is declining birth rates,which means old generations are large _(compare)to younger generations. (2019 高考全国卷)Modern methods of/f
22、or tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid- 1980s,and are expensive _(perform)consistently over a large area. (2018 高考全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _(feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” say
23、s the banks Juergen Voegele. 思维趋向 若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词通常是非谓语动词,就 要确定是 v.- ing 形式、- ed 形式,还是不定式。一般来说,v.- ing 形式表示主动、进行;- ed 形 式表示被动、完成;不定式表示尚未发生的动作。 答案与解析 例 1 compared 考查非谓语动词。compare sth.to/with sth.意为“将某物与某物相比”, 且从句主语 old generations 和 compare 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式。 例 2 to perform 考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语b
24、eadj.不定式”结构,不定式用 主动形式表示被动含义。 例 3 feeding 考查非谓语动词。when/while现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于 when/while 引导的时间状语从句。 (三)考查方向为词性转换 (2019 高考全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a _(believe)that populations are increasing. (2019 高考全国
25、卷)When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it. (2018 高考全国卷)This switch has decreased _(pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 思维趋向 有时所给提示词虽然是
26、动词,但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非 谓语动词,而是要求进行词性转换。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应转 换为哪种词性。一般考查动词变为名词,有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。 答案与解析 例 1 belief 考查词性转换。根据空格前的不定冠词 a 可知,此处应填 believe 的名词形 式 belief(看法,信念)。 - 6 - 例 2 competition 考查词性转换。根据空格前的 an interesting 可知,此处应填动词 compete 的名词形式 competition。 例 3 pollution 考查词性转换。此处作 decreased
27、的宾语,应填名词 pollution。 二、提示词为形容词或副词 (一)考查方向为比较等级 (2020 高考全国卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their _(fine)work, so that he could choose the best. (2019 高考全国卷)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregati
28、ng(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are _(high)than they actually are. (2018 高考全国卷)He screams the _(loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. 思维趋向 所给提示词为形容词或副词时,需要考虑是否变为比较级或最高级,如若不 是,则需要考虑词性转换。 答案与解析 例 1 finest 考查
29、形容词的比较等级。 根据空前的 all great artists 和空后的 choose the best 并结合句意可知,此处表示最高级含义,应用 finest。 例 2 higher 考查形容词的比较等级。根据空格后的 than 可知,此处应用 high 的比较级 形式 higher。 例3 loudest 考查副词的比较等级。 由空前的the以及空后的of all可知此处应用最高级。 (二)考查方向为词性转换 (2020 新高考全国卷)Historical _(accurate)is important but so is entertainment. (2019 高考全国卷)It i
30、s difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _(poor)studied. (2018 高考全国卷)A taste for meat is _(actual)behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle. 思维趋向 所给提示词为形容词时,需要考虑形容词转化成副词或名词。 答案与解析 例 1 accuracy 考查词性转换。分析
31、句子成分可知,此处为句子的主语,应用名词,故 填 accuracy。 例 2 poorly 考查词性转换。修饰动词 studied 应用形容词 poor 的副词形式 poorly。 例 3 actually 考查词性转换。应用副词作状语修饰系动词 is。 三、提示词为名词或代词 - 7 - (一)考查方向为数与格 (2018 高考全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running
32、reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _(cause) 思维趋向 所给提示词是名词时,一般考查单复数的变化,偶尔考查所有格;所给词是 代词时,一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。 答案与解析 causes 考查名词的数。此处的 cause 是名词,表示“原因”。根据其前的 all 可知,应该 使用复数形式。 (二)考查方向为词性或词形转换 (2020 新 高 考 全 国 卷 )In the 18th and 19th centuries , _(wealth)people travelled and collected
33、 plants,historical objects and works of art. (2020 新高考全国卷)As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine _(they)living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. (2019 高考全国卷)We are so proud of her.Its _(wonder) 思维趋向 所给提示词是名词时,有时考查词性转换,主
34、要是名词变为形容词或动词或 名词构词之词形变化。所给提示词为代词时,有时考查人称代词变为反身代词或形容词性物 主代词。 答案与解析 例 1 wealthy 考查词性转换。 分析句子成分可知, 设空处修饰名词 people, 应用形容词, 故填 wealthy。 例 2 themselves 考查代词形式的转换。 分析句子成分可知, 此处为 imagine sb.doing sth. 结构,设空处为动词 imagine 的宾语,且与主语 visitors 指的是同一对象,故填反身代词 themselves。 例 3 wonderful 考查词性转换。系动词 is 后面跟形容词作表语。 题型二 无
35、提示词类 一、填代词 - 8 - (2018 高考浙江卷)Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out. 思维趋向 无提示词的考查中,当句中缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填代词,主要包括人 称代词和 it 的用法。 答案与解析 it 考查代词。it 作形式主语,不定式 to eat out 为真正的主语。 二、填副词 (2019 高考全国卷)On our way to the house,
36、it was raining _hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there. 思维趋向 无提示词的考查中,有时需要根据固定搭配、逻辑关系以及句式结构填写适 当的副词。 答案与解析 so 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处是 so.that.结构,意为“如此以至 于”,so 修饰副词 hard。 三、填介词 (2020 新高考全国卷)Museums must compete _ peoples spare time and money with other amusements. (2018 高考全
37、国卷)Corn uses less water _rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)runoff. 思维趋向 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介 词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。 答案与解析 例 1 for 考查介词。 compete with.for.为固定搭配, 意为“为了与竞争”, 故填 for。 例 2 than 考查介词。由句中的比较级 less 可知,此处将玉米和水稻进行比较。 四、填冠词 (2020 高考浙江卷 7 月) Then,with _ rise of science,changes bega
38、n. (2019 高考全国卷)When we got a call saying she was short- listed,we thought it was _joke. 思维趋向 当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或者空格后有序 数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词 在一些固定搭配中的用法。 答案与解析 例 1 the 考查冠词。然后,随着科学的兴起,变化开始了。根据句意可知,此处指科学 的兴起,表示特指,故填 the。 例 2 a 考查冠词。joke“笑话,玩笑”,是可数名词。空格后用了单数 joke,故其前用 a。 五、填
39、并列连词 (2020 新高考全国卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big _ until they died,and then it was given to a museum. (2019 高考全国卷)I work not because I have to,_ because I want to. 思维趋向 当空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个并列的词、短语、句子等,而且并列的 成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果等关系时,那么空格处一般填并列连词。 答案与解析 例 1 or 考查连词。 分析句子成分并结合句意可知,
40、句中的 until it got too big 和 until they died 为并列的两种不同情况,表示“或者”,故填 or。 - 9 - 例 2 but 考查连词。not.but.不是而是。句意:我工作不是因为我必须工作, 而是因为我想工作。 六、填从属连词 (2020 高考全国卷)In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike. (2020 高考浙江卷 7 月)Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on _ could be hunted
41、 or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. (2019 高考全国卷)While they are rare north of 88 ,there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada. Over time, _the population grew, people began cutting food into s
42、mall pieces so it would cook more quickly. 思维趋向 从属连词是指三大从句的引导词,它们用来引导状语从句、名词性从句和定 语从句。判断空格处填哪一类引导词,首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词 的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。 答案与解析 例 1 whose 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处引导定语 从句,且在从句中作 paintings 的定语,两者之间是所属关系,应用 whose 引导定语从句。 例 2 what 考查名词性从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句,从句 作介词 on 的宾语,且从句中缺
43、少主语,表示“的东西”,应用 what 引导宾语从句。 例 3 that 考查同位语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导同位语从句,解 释说明 evidence 的具体内容,从句中不缺少成分且意义完整,故用 that 引导。 例 4 as 考查连词。as 在此处引导时间状语从句,表示“随着”。 七、填情态动词或助动词 Then the driver stood up and asked,“_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” 思维趋向 有时, 我们需要用助动词来构成某些句式, 如疑问句、 否定句或强调句型等; 另外,有时也需要根据语境填相
44、应的情态动词。 答案与解析 Did 句尾的问号提示该句为疑问句,“丢失”是发生在过去的动作,故应使用助动词 did。注意首字母大写。 A (2020 广州高三调研)At a very young age,Oindrila Basu had no idea of 1._to live with nature.She would climb trees or destroy the nests of birds just for fun,like other kids.Once her mother caught her and got angry,and then the girl realiz
45、ed she 2._(do)something terribly wrong. This is just a way that Basus parents shaped her understanding and appreciation of nature.3._(live)in the countryside,she spent her youth studying ants before the rain, watching sunbirds drink honey,counting fireflies and watching young plants grow.Then her pa
46、rents decided to move to a nearby city 4._better educational chances,and then she stopped having first- hand experiences with nature. Later, as she struggled 5._(choose)a college major, her mother suggested a career in forestry(林业)Thats when her journey began,and she fell in love with forestry.Away
47、from the crowded cities,in the lap of the Himalayas,she graduated in forestry from Kumaun University, India.When she went on to study a 6._(master)degree in forestry from the Forest Research Institute, India, she finally got introduced to a group of like- minded people, devoted to the International Forestry Students Association(IFSA) - 10 - IFSA is a 7._(globe)organization connecting students to exchange knowledge and participate in forestry activities.The youth joining IFSA are 8._(encourage)to undertake its taskto enrich
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