人教版go for it 八年级下册英语期中单元知识点汇总.doc

1、Unit 1. whats the matter?Unit 1. whats the matter? 一重点短语归纳一重点短语归纳 1. have a fever 发烧 2. lie down and rest 躺下来休息 3. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 4. see a dentist 看牙医 5. get an X-ray 拍X 光片 6. take one s temperature 量体温 7. sound like 听起来像 8. in the same way 以同样的方式 9. without thinking twice 没有多想 10. have a

2、 heart problem 有心脏病 11. to one s surprise 使. 惊讶的 12. thanks to 多亏了 ；由于 13. in time 及时 14. save a life 挽救生命 15. get into trouble 造成麻烦 16. right away 立刻；马上 17. because of 由于 18. fa ll down 摔倒 19. mountain climbing 登山运动 20. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 21. run out (of) 用完;用尽 22. so that 以便 23. be in con

3、trol of 掌管;管理 24. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事 25. make a decision 做出决定 26. take risks 冒险 27. give up 放弃 二二重点句子重点句子 1.Whats the matter ? 是用来询问对方出了什么毛病或问题，意为“怎么 了？”。 Whats the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？ = Whats the trouble with you?=Whats wrong with you? = What happened to you? I have a cold / have a sore

4、 back / have a stomachache. 三三语法语法知识知识 1 1.情态动词情态动词 shouldshould 的用法的用法 should 是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没 有人称和数的变化，意为应该.。 should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。否定形式为 should not， 缩写为 shouldnt，句法构成为：主语+should +动词原形.，变一般疑问句把 should 提前，肯定回答 Yes, you should. / 否定回答 No, you shouldnt. eg. You should drink hot

5、water with honey.你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。 You shouldnt eat so much next time.下次你不该吃那么多。 He should see a dentist and get an X-ray.他应该去看牙医， 并做个X光检查。 What should she do? 她该怎么办？ She should take her temperature.她应该量体温。 Should I put some medicine on it? 我应该在上面敷点药吗？ Yes, you should. / No, you shouldnt.是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。

6、2. 反身代词 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself herself itself themselves hurt yourself 伤到你自己 think about himself 为他自己着想 by oneself 独自 四知识点串讲四知识点串讲 1. have a cold1. have a cold是“感冒，着凉”have a fever是“发烧”，have 表示“生 病”， 表示人体某部位“痛”时的几种结构： （1）have a + 身体部位名词后加-ache构成。例如： have a h

7、eadache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have a stomachache胃痛 （2）have a sore + 身体部位名词。例如： have a sore throat 喉咙痛 have a sore arm 胳膊痛 have a sore foot 脚痛 （3）身体部位 + hurt。例如： My eyes hurt. 我眼睛痛。 （4）have a pain in/ on + the + 身体部位。例如： I have a pain in the arm. 我胳膊痛。 （5）There is something wrong with + ones + 身体部位。

8、例如： There is something wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛有毛病。 2.2.tootoo many,toomany,too muchmuch与与muchmuch tootoo 1) too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如： There are too many students in our class.我们班上有太多的学生。 2) too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如： We have too much work to do.我们有太多的工作要做。 3) much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如： The

9、box is much too heavy, so I cant carry it.箱子太重了，所以 我搬不动它。 3.3.thanks to thanks to 与与 thanks for thanks for 区别区别 thanks to “多亏，由于” to 接感谢的对象。 e.g. Thanks to the English teacher，I got good grades. thanks for客套用语，“因而感谢”for 后接v-ing 或名词。 e.g. Thanks for taking care of me. 4.4. surprisesurprise v v. .使吃惊使

10、吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 (修饰物) surprised adj. 吃惊的 （修饰人） surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me. be surprised at 对感到吃惊 n n. . 惊讶惊讶 to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊 地 e.g. He looked at me in surprise. 他吃惊地望着我。 Exercise: _(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam. We are_ at the_ news. (su

11、rprise) _his surprise, she succeeded in climbing up the high mountain. A. At B. To C. In D. On 5.5.agree vagree v. .同意同意 (反)disagree agreement n.同意 agree with sb 同意某人 e.g. I agree with you. agree to do sth 同意做某事 6.6. use v.use v.使用使用useful adj. useful adj. 有用的有用的 use up use up 用完用完 (1) be /get used

12、to doing sth (1) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 (2) use sth to do (2) use sth to do sth sth 用某物做某事用某物做某事 (3) used to do sth (3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做。过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做。 (4) be used to do sth (4) be used to do sth 被用来做某事被用来做某事 =be used for doing sth =be used for doing sth

13、 e.g. My grandpa is used _ (live) in country. e.g. We use Internet _(find) information. e.g. I used _( get up ) early in the morning. e.g. Stamps is used _(post) letters. 7.7.（1 1）with with 意为“具有，带有”，表伴随作用。 e.g. I want to buy a house with a big garden. (我想买一座带有大花园的 房子。) （2）“同.一起，和.一起” Can you go wit

14、h me? （3）without 意为“没有”，后接名词、代词或动词ing 形式。 e.g. She left _ saying a word.(她没有说一句话就离开了) 8.8. enough enough ( (名前形后名前形后) ) adj. 足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语） e.g.I dont have enough money with me. adv. 足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后） e.g.The river is deep enough for swimming. ( ) In the old days ,peoples didnt have _ to eat. A.

15、food enough B. enough food C.enough for ( ) You are not _ to take part in the match. Please work hard and try to improve yourself.A. good enough B. Enough good C. well enough 9. run out“用完”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为表示“时间、食物、金 钱” 等词；而 run out of 意为“用完；用尽”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含 义，主语一般是人，相当于 use up。例如： We have run out o

16、f paper.我们的纸用完了。 Youd better go home before your money runs out. 你最好别等钱花光再回 家。 We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood. 我们的煤用光了，只好烧柴。 Unit 2 Ill help clean the city parks.Unit 2 Ill help clean the city parks. 一重点短语归纳一重点短语归纳 1. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 2. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋 3. give out 分发;散发 4. come up

17、with 想出；提出 5. try out 试用;试行 6. put up 建造;举起;张贴 7. hand out 分发;散发;发给 8. put off 推迟;延迟 9. raise money 筹钱;募捐 10. take after 与.相像;像 11. give away 赠送;捐赠 12. fix up 修理;修补;解决 13. be similar to 与相似 14. used to do 过去常常；曾经 15. make a difference to 对有影响 ；有作用 16. give up 放弃 17. come true 成为现实 18. call up 打电话给某人

18、 19. set up 建立；设立 20. right way 立刻；马上 21. take after（外貌或行为）像 22. take after 与类似 23. be a ble to 能够 24. work out 解决；产生结果 25. at the age of 在多少岁时 二二知识点串讲知识点串讲 1. 1. put offput off 推迟推迟 由 put 构成的常用短语有： put away 将收起来 put on 穿上；上演 put down 放下，记下 put out 熄灭；伸出 put back 放回原处 put up 举起；张贴；搭建 2. fix up2. fix

19、 up 修理修理; ;修补修补 由 up 构成的常用短语有： put up 举起；张贴；搭建 pick up 捡起；接电话；去接某人 take up 开始做；开始从事 call up 打电话给某人 cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋 come up with 相出；提出 3. 3. lonelylonely 与与 alonealone 的辨析：的辨析：（live alonelive alone，feel lonely feel lonely 独自居住，感到孤单）独自居住，感到孤单） alone 可做形容词也可做副词，句中只作表语。强调独自一人，没有 陪伴。 lonely 只做形容词，意为

20、孤独的，寂寞的，带有较强感情色彩。 e.g. Dont leave me alone. I will feel lonely. 别留下我一个人，我会觉 得孤单的。 4. 4. (1) be /get used to doing sth (1) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 (2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事 (3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做。 (4) be used to do sth 被用来做某事 =be used for doing sth 5. 5. make a di

21、fference to make a difference to 意为意为“（对（对）产生影响）产生影响”。 difference 前面可加修饰词，如 big, great 等；to 是介词，其后可接名词、代 词或动名词。例如： Education can make a big difference to the quality of a persons life. 教育对一个人的生活质量有很大影响。 The accident has made a great difference to his life. 这次事故对他的 人生产生了重大影响。 One false step will make

22、 a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬以千里。 【拓展】make no difference to 意为“对没有影响”。例如： It makes no difference to me. 这对我没什么影响。 6 6. . not only but (also) not only but (also) 不但不但 而且而且 用来连接两个并列的成分用来连接两个并列的成分 (1)引导以 not only but (also) 开头的句子往往引起倒装。 也就是说要把前面句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如： Not only can I do it but (also) I c

23、an do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。 Not onlybut (also) 连接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的 变化 也就是就近原则。如： Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。 Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。 常见的就近原则的结构有： (1)Neither nor即不也不 (两者都不) Neither you nor I _him. 我和你都不喜欢他。 (2) Either or 不是就是 (两者中的一个) Either Lily o

24、r you _a student. (3)There be 句型 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 一重点短语归纳一重点短语归纳 1. go to the movies 去看电影 2. get a ride 搭车 3. work on 从事 4. finish doing sth. 完成做某事 5. clean and tidy 干净整洁 6. fold your/the clothes 叠衣服 7. sweep the floor 扫地 8. make your/t

25、he bed 整理床铺 9. clean the living room 打扫客厅 10. no problem 没问题 11. throw down 扔下 12. come over 过来 13.share the housework 分担家务 14. in surprise 惊讶地 15.hang out 闲逛 16.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人 17.lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 18. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿 19. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会 20. in order to为了 21. mind doing s

26、th. 介意做某事 22. depend on依赖;依靠 23. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 24. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛 （1）do, make 短语归类 do the dishes 洗餐具 do my homework 做我的家庭作业 do chores 做家务，处理琐事 do the laundry 洗衣 do the shopping 购物 do some reading 读书 make your bed 铺床 make breakfast 做早餐 make dinner 做晚饭 make tea 泡茶，沏茶 make a cup

27、 of coffee 冲一杯咖啡 二重点句子二重点句子 1. 1. Could you please do sth ?Could you please do sth ?请你（做）请你（做）.好吗？好吗？ 用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。 Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can. 肯定回答：Yes, I can. / Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答： Sorry , I cant 否定句：否定句：Could you please Could you please not not

28、do sth ?do sth ?请你请你不要不要（做）（做）.好吗？好吗？ 各种表示“请求”的句型： Could you please do.? Would you please do.? Would you like/love to do .? Shall I/we do.? Lets do. 1) Could I borrow your camera? _，but please give it back by Saturday. A. I am sorry B. Of course C. Certainly not D. No, thanks 2) Sir , could you plea

29、se put out your cigarette? This is a smoke-free （无烟的）school. _ A. Im sorry about this. B. No problem C. Sure, Id love to D. Never mind 3) Tom , would you please _ the box? Its for your sister. A. not open B. dont open C. not to open D. to not open 2. 2. the minute = as soon as “the minute = as soon

30、as “一一. . 就就.” .” The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。 = My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. 三知识三知识点串讲点串讲 1 1I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。 【解析】【解析】two hours of TVtwo hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被

31、视作整体，谓语动词用表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用 单单数形式。数形式。 e.g.Three years _(be) really a short time. 动名词作主语，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。谓语动词用单数形式。 e.g.Taking good care of her _(be) your duty. 2 2. borrow. borrowlendlend （1）borrow 意为“借，借用”；反义词是lend（借出）。 “borrowfrom”意为“从借（入）”。 e.g. I often borrow books from the li

32、brary. 我经常从图书馆里借书。 （2）“lendto”意为“把借（出）”。 e.g. I lend my book to Lily. 我把我的书借给莉莉了。 （3）keep意为“保留”，return意为“归还”。 3.3. as a resultas a result as a result意为“因此；结果”，在句中作状语。例如： He didnt practise, and as a result he lost. 他没有练习，所以输了。 The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didnt arrive on time. 交通十分拥挤

33、，因此我们没有能准时到达。 as a result of意为“由于；作为的结果”。先交代结果，再用as a result of连接原因。 例如：We cant go out as a result of the heavy rain. 因为下大雨，我们 不能出去。 4. 4. neitherneither （1）neither“两者都不”，反义词是both“两者都” （2）neither nor 既不也不, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个 主语确定 Neither Tom nor Jim is a student （3）neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也

34、不” Mary doesnt like singing. Neither do I. 玛丽不喜欢唱歌，我也不喜欢。（我和Mary 有相同的情况，前句是否定句，下 文用neither开头，主谓倒装） （4）如果上文是肯定句，下文表示与上文有相同情况时，用“so+ be动词/助动 词/情态动词 + 主语”。例如： Mary likes singing. So do I. 玛丽喜欢唱歌。我也喜欢。（我和Mary有相同情况，前句是肯定句，下文用so 开头，主谓倒装） 5. 5. find +find +宾语宾语+ +宾语补足语宾语补足语 【注】find found found v 寻找 (1) fin

35、d sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 ( ) She found _ hard to finish the work by herself. A. that B. its C. it D. this 6 6. . make sb. do sth make sb. do sth 让某人做某事让某人做某事 make made made v. 做， 制作， 使得 (1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物” m

36、ake you happy (2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh. 1) Colors can change our moods and make us _ happy or sad, energetic or sleep. A. to feel B. feeling C. felt D. feel 2) He lost his key. It made him _ in the cold to wait for his wifes return. A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay 7 7. .”It

37、”It is is + + 形容词形容词 + + for sb. to do sth.”for sb. to do sth.”的句型，意为的句型，意为“对某人来说，做对某人来说，做 某事是某事是.的的” It is adj.+ to do sth. e.g. It is important for us to learn English. e.g.I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with homework. Unit4.Why dont you talk

38、to your parents?Unit4.Why dont you talk to your parents? 一重点短语归纳一重点短语归纳 1. look through翻看 2. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 3. a big deal重要的事 4. work out成功地发展;解决 5. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 6. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 7. give sb. pressure给某人施压 8. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 9. cause stress造成压力 10. cut out删除 11.

39、allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 12. hang out with sb 与某人闲逛 13. argue with sb与某人争吵 14. have a fight with sb/get into a fight with sb与某人吵/打架 15. call up 给某人打电话 16. a big deal 重要的事 17. work out成功地发展;解决 18. get on with 与相处 19. hang over 笼罩 20. so that 以便，为了 21. mind sb doing sth 介意某人做某事 22. copy ones homework

40、 抄某人的作业 23. compare with sb 与进行比较 24. in ones opinion 依看；在某人看来 25. be crazy about 对很着迷；抓狂 二重点句子二重点句子 1. 1. 用于提建议的句型有：用于提建议的句型有： (1) Why dont you do sth.?= Why not do sth.? 为什么不呢？ (2) What about doing sth. ?=How about doing sth.? .怎么样？ (3) Lets do sth. 让我们一起做某事吧。 (4) Shall we/I do sth.? 我们做好吗？ (5) ha

41、d better do/not do sth. 最好做/不做某事 (6) Will/Would you please do sth. 请你做好吗？ (7) Would you like to do sth.? 你想去做某事吗？ (8) Would you mind doing sth.？你介意做某事吗？ 【回答】【回答】 (1). 同意对方的建议时，一般用： Good idea. / Thats good idea. 好主意 OK/ All right. / Great. 好/ 行/太好了 Yes, please. / Id love to. 是的/ 我愿意 I agree with you.

42、 我同意你的看法 No problem. 没问题 Sure./ Of course./ Certainly. 当然可以 Yes, I think so. 对，我也这样想 (2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用： I dont think so. 我认为不是这样 Sorry, I cant. 对不起，我不能 Id love to, but我愿意，但恐怕 Im afraid 恐怕 1). Why not go to Lao She Tea house tonight? _. A. It doesnt matter. B. Thank you. C. Sorry to hear that.

43、 D. Sounds great. 2).I feel really tired. _ A. Lucky you! B. Youd better work harder. C. Congratulations! D. Why not go and have a rest? 3). Its a nice day, isnt it? Yes. _ going hiking and relax ourselves? A. Why not B. Why dont C. What about 4).You look too tired. Why not _ a rest? A. Stop to have

44、 B. to stop having C. stop having 三三重点语法重点语法-状语从句状语从句 状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种，如时间状语从 句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重 点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。 1.until 引导的时间状语从句 （1）until 用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如 stand/wait/stay 等， 表示主句动作的终止时间。例如： I will wait here until you come back. 我会在这里等到你回来。 (2) until 可用于否定句中，即 notuntil意

45、为“直到才”，常与非延续 性动词连用。 如 open/start/leave/arrive 等， 强调主句动作开始的时间。 例如： The child didnt go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。 2so that 引导的目的状语从句 So that In order to （in order not to） Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later. 3. although 引导的让步状语从句 although(= thoug

46、h)是连词，意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。注意: although 不与 but 连用。 Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won fist prize. 四四知识知识点串讲点串讲 1.1.look through 浏览 【拓展】与 look 相关的短语： look for 寻找 look after=take care of=care for 照看 look over 检查,复习 look through 翻看；浏览 look out 小心,从里向外看 look up 向上看,查单词 look around 环视

47、 look forward to 期望 1). Can you help me to _ my dog when I leave for Hong Kong? A. look after B. look for C. look at D. look through 2). Here is the book. First _ it and then tell me what you think of it. A. look into B. look through C. look up D. look after 2. 2. instead instead 代替，反而，替代替，反而，替 (1)

48、instead 副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后 面的事情。 Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了，所以我去了。 (2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中 instead of 为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。 She wrote to him instead of calling him. =She didnt call him. She wrote to him instead. 她没有给他打电话，而是给他写了封信。 1）Health is very important to us

49、. We should eat more vegetables and fruit _ rich food. A. instead B. instead of C. because of D. because 2）Weve got no coffee. Lets have tea _. A. either B. however C. yet D. instead 3. 3. offer offer 动词，意为动词，意为“主动提出，自愿给予主动提出，自愿给予”。 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 辨析： offer 和 provide 的用法： offer sb. Sth. = offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物。 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 4.4. get on withget on with get on/along