外研版八年级下册英语M6-M10知识要点及写作范文.doc

1、第 页 1 Module 6 Hobbies Unit 1 1. a little + 不可数名词：有点儿、少量的 There is only a little meat in the fridge. a bit of + 不可数名词：有点儿、少量的 I need a bit of water. 2. have a look:看一看，后跟宾语时，要加介词 at. have a look at = look at Have a look at the picture. = Look at the picture. 3. most of + 代词宾格 或 most of + 限定词 + 名词作主语

2、时，谓语动词的数由 most 后 面的代词或名词决定。 Most of my storybooks are very interesting. Most of us like English. Most of her money was stolen. 她的大部分钱被偷了。 4. must:表示肯定的推测， “一定、肯定” 。表示否定的推测时用 cant, “不可能” 。 The restaurant must be very good. Its always full of people. That girl cant be Lily. Lily is much taller. 5. as

3、+ 形容词/ 副词的原级 + as : 和一样 His English is as good as mine. He drives as well as his father. 6. 用：1) with:用具体有形的东西（工具） I write a letter with a pen. 2) in:用语言、声音、原材料 Can you speak in a loud voice? 3) by:用/ 通过用段或方式 The girl made money by selling flowers. 7. 形容词修饰不定代词时后置：I have something important to tell

4、you. Unit 2 1. 1) someothers：一些另一些 Some students like watching TV and others like going online. 2) one the other：一个，另一个（范围是两者） There are only two students in the classroom. One is reading and the other is drawing. I have two pens. One is red and the other is black. 2. make sb. do sth.: 使某人做某事 一感、二听、

5、三让、四看 We made the little girl laugh at last. 3. develop: v. 培养、提高、发展、形成、长大 This lesson will help you develop your writing skills. 这节课有助于提高你的写作能力。 We should develop good living habits. 我们应该养成好的生活习惯。 4. during = in: 在期间、在时间内 I woke up three times during / in the night. 5. as well as:除了外（还有） ，可用 beside

6、s 代替。 I have a few English books as well as / besides this . I study Japanese as well as English. 除了英语外，我还学日语。 6. encourage sb. to do sth.: 鼓励某人做某事 My parents always encourage me to study hard. 7. come out: 出版、发行、 （花儿）开放、出来 When will his new book come out? Spring comes and the flowers start to come

7、out. The result will come out three days later. 8. as a result = so 结果、因此、 She didnt study hard and as a result, she didnt pass the exam. Tom studied hard. As a result, he passed the exam. 9. 1) Pleasure: 愉悦、愉快 Its my pleasure. = My pleasure. 不客气（回答感谢） 。 2) with pleasure. 十分愿意（回答请求） - Will you pleas

8、e open the window? - With pleasure. 10. success n. 成就、成功 Failure is the mother success. 失败乃成功之母。 successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 succeed v. 成功 He finished the work successfully. He is a successful writer. Dont give up. You know hard work leads to success. He succeeded in finishing the work

9、 at last. 他终于成功完成了那项工作。 话题写作： My Hobbies I have many hobbies, such as sports, singing, playing the violin and keeping a diary. At school, I often hear the PE teacher say sports are good for our health and will make us live longer. So I like sports very much. I go running at five oclock in the aftern

10、oon. I play table tennis with my friends. These sports have kept me healthy. At home, I like singing and playing the violin. I hope I will be a singer and violinist when I grow up. In order to reach these goals, I go to the teachers home for a lesson every Saturday and practice singing. Of all my ho

11、bbies, I like reading books best. In my bedroom there are lots of books. When I grow up, I will serve the people with the knowledge I have learnt. Module 7 Summer in Los Angeles Unit 1 1. 1) prepare for sth. = be / get ready for sth. 为某事做准备 They are preparing for a test. = They are getting ready for

12、 a test. 2) prepare to do sth. = be / get ready to do sth. 准备做某事 My mother is preparing to cook lunch. 2. make a list:列清单 Lets make a shopping list. 3. 1) crazy adj. 发疯的、荒唐的 You are crazy to buy the watch at such a high price. 2) be crazy about:对着迷 The boys are crazy about Jay Chou. 3) drive sb. cra

13、zy:使某人发疯 、疯狂迷恋 Things almost drive me crazy. 这些东西差点把我弄疯。 4. what to take = what I should take 疑问词 + 不定式作宾语 = 宾语从句 These dressed are very beautiful. I cant decide which one to buy. 5. at the end of: 在末端/ 尽头/ 后期 / 结束 （时间 / 地点） 第 页 2 There is a park at the end of the street. My birthday is at the end o

14、f June. 6. 英语中成双成对的名词：shorts, trousers, glasses, /socks, shoes. 其作主语时，谓语动词 用复数形式；由 pair 修饰作主语时，谓语动词单复数由 pair 决定。 My sunglasses are in the bag. Two pairs of shoes are enough. How much is this pair of sunglasses? 7. light: 轻的 - heavy: 重的 light:浅色的 - dark: 深色的 Light music can make people relaxed. 轻音乐能使

15、人放松。 This sweater is light blue. 这件毛衣是浅蓝色的。 8. 表示时间、金钱、价格、长度、学科的名词以 s 结尾等词作主语时，被视为一个整体， 谓语动词用单数形式。 Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很长一段时间。 Maths is my favorite subject. Ten kilometers is very far. 9. else: 作后置定语 疑问词 / 不定代词 + else other: 作前置定语 other + 名词复数 What else can you see? The other students a

16、re playing basketball now. 10. 1) weigh: v. 重、称的重量 He weighs 50 kilos. Please weigh the bananas. 2) n. weight 重量 put on weight: 长胖 lose weight: 减肥 11. total adj. 总的、全部的，只用作定语。近义词为 whole The total score is one hundred. In total: 总共、总计 12. 1) by the way: 顺便说/ 问一下，为插入语，用以引出题外的话语。 2) on ones way to: 在某人

17、去的路上 Im on my way to school. 3) in the way: 挡道 Dont stand in the way. 不要挡路。 13. have a great / nice / good time = enjoy oneself = have great fun 玩得开心 I have a good time in China. = I enjoy myself in China. 14. write to sb. = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信 I will write to you soon. = I will write a lett

18、er to you soon. 15. - Buy me some flowers for your mother on Mothers Day. - Yes, I will. 祈使句表示的动作是尚末发生的动作，应答上句的祈使句，答语用 助动词 will 表示将来。 Unit 2 1. 1) offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物 He offered me a cup of tea. = He offered a cup of tea to me. 2) offer to do sth.：主动提出做某事 Tom offered to help m

19、e with my English. 2. at the same time: 同时 The little girl sings and dances at the same time. 3. last: v. 持续 last (for) + 一段时间，for 可省略 The film lasted (for) three hours. 4. depend on: 依靠、依赖、取决于 Our success depends on hard work. 我们的成功取决于艰苦的工作。 You cant always depend on your parents. Whether Ill go to

20、 Shanghai depends on the result of the exam. 5. provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 提供给某人某物/ 为某人提供某物 The school has provided students with free books. = The school has provided free books for students. 6. progress: 进步（不可数名词） ，其前可用 much, great, some, good 等词修饰。 make much / great progress in

21、sth.: 在某方面取得很大的进步 I have made great progress in English. 7. experience v. 经历、体验 experience life in :在体验生活 I want to experience life in the countryside. 8. form / make a friendship / friendships with sb.: 与某人建立友谊 The teacher makes close friendships with his students. 9. stay in touch with sb. = keep

22、in touch with sb.：与某人保持联系 Well stay in touch with each other after graduation. 毕业 10. if: if 引导的条件状语从句，如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句、含有情态动词时，从 句要用一般现在时，即“主将从现” 。 I will visit my friend if it doesnt rain tomorrow. Dont get off the bus if it doesnt stop. You can have another apple if you are very hungry. 11. prefer

23、= like better 1) prefer A to B: 比起 B 来更喜欢 A I prefer English to Chinese. 2) prefer to do sth.: 宁愿做某事 I prefer to stay at home today. 3) prefer doing sth. to doing sth.: 喜欢做某事胜过某事 I prefer swimming to playing basketball. 我喜欢游泳胜过打篮球。 12. at least:至少 at most:至多 The hall can hold at least 2,000 people.

24、这个大厅至少能容纳两千人。 You should at least be polite. 你至少应该有礼貌。 13. 1) fill in / out a form: 填表 2) fill with:用把装满 （表动作） He filled the bags with books. 3) be filled with = be full of : 充满、装满（表状态） The glass is filled with water. = The glass is full of water. 话题写作： 假设你是张林，你的美国笔友 Bob 来信询问你的暑假计划，现在请你写一封回信， 告诉他你将在

25、爷爷奶奶家度过这个假期。 注意：1.至少写出你将要做的三件事； 2.回信不少于 80 词，信的开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Bob, 第 页 3 The summer vacation is coming soon. After a tiring school year, Im going to relax myself. I will spend my vacation with my grandparents. I will stay with them for about three weeks. Of course, I am going to help them do

26、some housework. Perhaps we will take some short trips. Besides, I am going to visit some of my friends and relatives. I think we will have a happy time together. Whats more, I will be a senior student in a new term, so I am going to make some preparations. How will you spend your holiday? Best wishe

27、s to you. Yours, Module 8 Time off Unit 1 1. 1) v. 欢迎 welcome to sp.: Welcome to Beijing. Welcome here. 2) n. 欢迎 give a warm welcome: 热烈欢迎某人 They gave us a warm welcome. 3) adj. 受欢迎的、不必感谢的 He is a welcome teacher. - Thank you. - Youre welcome. 不用谢。 2. 1) so that ：如此以致，引导结果状语从句。可与 tooto和 形/副词 + enoug

28、h to 相互转化。 He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. He ran so quickly that we couldnt catch up with him. 赶上 2) so that:以便、为了、目的是，引导目的状语从句。可与 in order that/ in to + v. 相互转化。 He works hard so that he can make a lot of money. 他努力工作为了挣许多钱。 = He works hard in order to make a lot of money. 3. hear sb.

29、do sth. 听到某了做了某事 I often hear her play the piano. hear sb. doing sth.: 听到某人正在做某事 I heard them singing in the room just now. 4. 1) hardly = almost not 几乎不，位于 be 动词/助动词/ 情态动词后，行为动词前。 I can hardly finish the work. She hardly ate anything last night. 2) hard adv. 努力地 He works hard every day. hard adj. 艰

30、艰苦的、硬的 He lives a hard life. 5. be famous for: 因而闻名 Yantai is famous for its apples. be famous as: 以/ 作为而出名 He is famous as an actor. 6. take up: 占据（时间/空间） Which hobby do you think takes up the least time?你认为哪种业务爱好占的时间最少？ The big box takes up too much room. 这个大盒子占了太多的空间。 7. point out: 指出 Please poin

31、t out the mistakes. point to: 指着（远距离） He pointed to the hill. point at: 指着（近距离） Dont point at people with a finger. 8. sight n. 名胜、风景 （人文景观或历史遗址为主的景观） see the sights:游览名胜 Do you know the sights of Beijing? 9.1) allow sb. to do sth.:允许某人做某事 My parents allow me to watch TV at weekends. 2) allow doing

32、sth.:允许做某事 Our teachers allow playing here. 3) sb. be allowed to do sth.:某人被允许做某事 Students are not allowed to smoke at school. 学生不允许在学校吸烟。 10. 1) waste v. 浪费 We shouldnt waste water. 2) waste time / money (in) doing sth.: 浪费时间/金钱做某事 Waste time / money on sth.: 在某事/某物上浪费时间/金钱 Dont waste your time (in

33、) playing computer games. Too many students waste time on TV. 3) n. 废物、垃圾 Dont throw away waste everywhere. Unit 2 1. 1) promise to do sth.: 许诺/答应做某事 My father promised to buy a bike for me. 2) promise sb. sth.: 许诺某人某物 My mother promised me a new watch. 3) promise that 从句：答应、保证 My parents promised t

34、hat they would buy me a computer. 4) make a promise:许下诺言 keep a promise:遵守诺言 break a promise:不守信 2. while conj. 而、然而，表示对比 I like music while he likes sports. He is tall while his brother is short. 3. wake sb. up: 把某人叫醒 Mum, wake me up at seven oclock. 4. move about: 四处走动、到处旅行 move away:离开、搬开 move in

35、: 迁入 Sit down, Tom. Dont move about. move on:继续向前移动 5. 现在分词作后置定语，所表示的动作与前面的逻辑主语之间是“主动”关系； 过去分词作后置定语，所表示的动作与前面的逻辑主语之间是“被动”关系。 Do you know the boy standing under the tree. （主动） I like the books written by Lu Xun. （被动） 6. above: 在之上、在斜上方，既不接触又不垂直，仅是高于某物。 over: 在之上，盖在上面，一般指垂直，且不接触。 There is a bridge ove

36、r the river. The plane is flying above the clouds. 7. pull:拉 - push:推 Pull the door open. 把门拉开。 Pull down:拉倒、拆毁 8. Im / was sorry：当听说别人糟遇不幸时，用此句表示对别人同情。 I was sorry to hear that he had a bad cold last week. 9. I wish you were here! 虚拟语气 Wish 后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在的事实相反的假设，be 动词都用 were. I wish I were as s

37、trong as you. I wish I were with you now. 语法： 1. 常接 that 引导的宾语从句的谓语动词是： believe, expect, promise, think, tell, hope, wish, remember, forget 等。 I hope (that) everyone will have a happy family. 2. 主句的谓语是由“be + 形容词（afraid / glad / sure / sorry）”等构成的系表结构时，后 面常接 that 引导的宾语从句。 第 页 4 Im sure (that) shell w

38、rite to me soon. Im sorry (that) he isnt here right now. 3. 宾语从句的时态： 1) 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等） ，那么 宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 I remember that he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he will visit Guilin tomorrow. 2) 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时） ，那么宾语从句一定要 用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等） 。

39、He told me that he would take part in the high jump. 3) 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句都用一般 现在时。 He told me that the earth is round. Module 9 Friendship Unit 1 1. 打电话用语：1) 您是哪位？ Who is that? / Who is (that) calling, please? 2) 我是。This is sb. / This is sb. speaking. 3) 请别挂断电话：Hold on, please. / Hold

40、 the line , please. 4) 电话线繁忙/不通/占线：The line is busy / bad. 2. have a problem with sb. / sth.: 与某人之间有问题/矛盾、在方面有问题/困难 Tom said that he had a problem with his father. Do you have a problem with your English study? 3. 1) seperate from：把和分开（把混合在一起的东西分开） Bob will seperate the bad apples from the good ones

41、. 2) get seperated:分开，是终止性动词短语，不能与时间段连用。 be separated:分开，是延续性动词短语，可与时间段连用。 We got separated one week ago. = We have been separated for one week. 4. 1) explain sth. to sb.: 向某人解释某事 不能使用 explain sb. sth.的结构。 The teacher explained the maths problem to his studens. 2) explain that(宾语从句): Peter explained

42、 that he would get there on time. 3) explain + 疑问词 + to do sth.: Father explained that he would go there on time. 5. 1) mention sth. to sb.: 向某人提及某事 不能使用 mention sb. sth.的结构。 Dont mention this problem to her this evening. 2) mention + that(宾语从句): Tom mentions that he often sees Peter in the library.

43、 3) Dont mention it. = Youre welcome. = Not at all. 别客气、不用谢。 6. refuse to do sth.:拒绝做某事 The students refuse to try the healthy food. Refuse sb. sth.: 拒绝某人某事 The bank refused him the loan. 贷款 7. treat as = see as = regard as 把看作 Dont treat me as a child. We treat him as our leader. 8. 1) be / feel su

44、re of oneself: 自信、满怀信心 He is not sure of himself these days. 2) be / feel sure of sth.: 确定某事、对某事有把握 I am / feel sure of his success. 3) be sure to do sth.: 一定 They are sure to succeed. 9. regret: v. 遗憾、懊悔，后接名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词作宾语。 I didnt regret the choice (that I made). 1) regret to do sth.:很抱歉/遗憾地做某事（

45、事情还没有做） I regret to tell you that you cant pass the exam. 2) regret doing sth: 后悔/遗憾做了某事 Kate regretted selling her old house. 10.1) be patient with sb.:对某人有耐心 Teachers should be patient with their students. 2) be patient of sth.: 对某事有耐心 Tom is patient of the trouble. 11. make friends with sb.: 与某人交

46、朋友 He likes making friends with others. 12.1) introduce sb./ sth. to sb.: 把某人/某物介绍给某人，没有 introduce sb. sth.结构 I introduced my sister to Lily. 2) introduce oneself:自我介绍 Can you introduce yourself? 13. No problem. 不用谢。/没关系。/没问题。 1) - Thank you very much. 2) - Im sorry to have kept you waiting. - No pr

47、oblem. - No problem. Unit 2 1. every time = each time 每次，引导一个时间状语从句。 Every / Each time I borrow money from him, he says he is poor. 2. talk to sb. about sth.: 与某人谈论有关某事 Lets talk to him about the picnic. 3. worry about sb. / sth. = be worried about sb. / sth. 担心某人/某事 4. in silence:安静地 He looked at t

48、he pictures on the wall in silence. silent: adj. 沉默的、无声的 、寂静的 He is a silent boy. keep silent: 保持安静 keep silence: 保持沉默 5. touch n. 接触、碰到 I felt a touch on my back. v. 触摸、碰 Dont touch the machine. Its dangerous. 6. bright adj. 明亮的、欢快的、聪明的 The light goes through the window and makes the room bright. T

49、he boy is so bright that he can answer many hard questions. 7. treasure: n. 意为“珍宝“时为可数名词，意为”财富“时为不可数名词。 These are the nations art treasures. treasure: v. 珍惜 I treasure your friendship. 8. change ones life: 改变某人的生活 change ones mind:改变某人的主意 Change into : 把变成 change A for B：用 A 换 B The fridge can chang

50、e water into ice. 9. trust sb. = believe in sb. 信任某人 believe sb.:相信某人的话 第 页 5 We have always trusted him. No one trusts him except himself. 10. include v. 包括 The price includes the house and the furniture. 家俱 Including prep. Ten members attended the meeting, including myself. 11. stick together: 粘在一