2021学年人教版英语八年级下册Unit8 单元知识点总结及练习.doc

1、1 2020 学年人教版英语八年级下册学年人教版英语八年级下册 Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet？ 一 基本结构：助动词基本结构：助动词 have/has+过去分词过去分词(done) 二 句型：句型： 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语简略答语: Yes, 主语主语 + have/has.(肯定肯定) No, 主语主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定否定) 三用法三用法 （1） 现在完成时表现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果示过

2、去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have spent all of my money (so far).现在我没有钱花了。 Guo zijun has (just/already) come. 郭子君现在在这儿。 My father has gone to work. 我爸爸现在不在这儿。 （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动持续到现在的动 作（用行为动词表示）或状态（作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be 动词表示）常与动词表示）常与 for（+时间段）时间段）,since （+时间点或过去时的句子）连时间点

3、或过去时的句子）连用用. for+时段时段 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）以来） since+时段时段+ago since+从句（过去时）从句（过去时） It is+时段时段+since+从句（过去时）从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四四 has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了去了(现在现在不在说话现场不在说话现场) Where is yo

4、ur father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two mont hs ago. 五现在完成时的标志五现在完成时的标志 1. 现在完成时的含义之现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响

5、,用以下四大标用以下四大标 志词可以表达这种含义志词可以表达这种含义: * 以以 already, just 和和 yet 为标志为标志 He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasnt come back yet. 他还没有回来。 * 以以 ever 和和 never 为标志为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。

6、 2 * 以动作发生的次数为标志以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 * 以以 so far（到目前为止）到目前为止）为标为标+before He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。 2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从我们可以从 动作动作“延续延续”的特性和的特性和

7、“时间时间”点段的区分入手点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。进一步学习现在完成时。 * for+时段时段 since+过去一个时间点（过去过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志从句）为标志 注意：注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如如 yesterday, last week, three years ago 等等; 2)不能与不能与 when 连用连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 六过去分词六过去分词 1 、规则动词规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去

8、 式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母， 再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped （5

9、）不规则动词的变化 七七 瞬间动词（瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ）不能直接与）不能直接与 for since 连用。要连用。要变成相应的延续性变成相应的延续性动词动词 buy-have borrow -keep come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out leave -be away begin-be on finish-be over open-be open close -be closed die-be dead 1.have 代替代替 buy My brother has had(不能用 ha

10、s bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用、用 keep 或或 have 代替代替 borrow I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3 3、用、用 be 替代替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用、用 have a cold 代替代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用、用 wear 代替

11、代替 put on a)用用“be形容词形容词”代代终止性动词终止性动词 1、bemarried 代 marry 2、beill 代 fall (get) ill 3、bedead 代 die 4、beasleep 代 fall (get) asleep 5、beawake 代 wake/wake up 6、begone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut 9、bemissing(gone,lost)代 lose b)用用“be副词副词”代终止性动词代终止性动词 1.“beon”代 start,begin

12、 2.“beup”代 get up 3.“beback(to)”代 return to,come back to,go back to 4.“be here (there)”代 come(arrive,reach,get) here 或 go (arrive,reach,get) there 等等 c)用用“be介词短语介词短语”代终止性动词代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替 go to /come to 2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替 move to 常用瞬间动词变常用瞬间动词变延续性动词延续性动词

13、表：表： 1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相应的介词 2. have come/gone back/returned have been back 3. have come/gone out have been out 4. have become have been 5. have closed / opened have been close/open 6. have got up have been up； 7. have died have be

14、en dead； 8. have left sw. have been away from sw. 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep； 10. have finished/ended/completed have been over； 11. havemarried have been married； 12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ； 13. have begun have been on 14. have borrowed/bought have kep

15、t/had 4 15. have lost havent had 16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold； 18. have got to know have known 19. have/has gone to have been in 20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Partys me mber/

16、the league member/the soldier 现在完成时练习现在完成时练习(一一) A)选用 have, has 填空: 1.I _ told him the news. 2.She _ come back from school. 3.You _ won the game. B)按要求改写下列各句: 4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句) _ 5.He has lost his book. (先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答) _ C) 单项选择 6. -Where have you _, Kate? -Ive _ to the bank

17、. A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone 7. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 8. Its six weeks _ I met you last. A. when B. since C. before D. for 9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already. A. have got B. have gone to

18、 C. have been to D. have reached 现在完成时练习（二）现在完成时练习（二） 5 一、 单项选择。 1、 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . （呼和浩特） . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . Still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a

19、 moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for

20、 two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United States . Reall

21、y ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . w

22、as in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began

23、15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 6 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The students have cleaned the clas

24、sroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle_for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D

25、. has left the university 二、 句型转换。 1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ they been here? 3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转

26、换) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子

27、合并成一个句子) _ 三、 汉译英。 1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一封信。 3、 我父亲以前到过长城。 4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 她去过上海。 6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？ 参考答案： 一、单项选择。 1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束， 一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需 7 要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。 2、现在完成时常与 already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来， 也不；从不），be

28、fore（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故 2 应选 B。 3、C 4、现在完成时常与 recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间” 等时间状语连用。 因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间， 句中的动作是从过 去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故 4 应选 D。 5、C 6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或 since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故 6 应选 C。 7、C 8、现在完成时还与 once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几 次）等表示重

29、复次数的词语连用。故 8 应选 B。 9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者 又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的 侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情， 与现在没有关系； 现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在 过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如 yesterday , last week , a moment ago 等）连用。 故 9 的正确答案为 B。 10、B 11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for 和 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通 常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故 11 的正确答

30、案依次为：D。 12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。 16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”， 指主语所指的人不在这儿。 “have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故 16 的正确答案为 A。 17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C 二、句型转换。 1、has he? 2、How long 3、died, has been dead 4、has been open 5、has been away 6、jo

31、ined；ago 7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes. 三、汉译英。 1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now. 2、He received a letter yesterday. 3、My father has been to the Great Wall before. 4、She hasnt seen the new film yet. 5、She has been to Shanghai. 6、Where has he been t

32、hese days？ 课文重难点句子课文重难点句子 Part1 一一. Steve， have you decided yet which book to write about for English class？ Steve ，你已经决定英语课写哪本书了吗？，你已经决定英语课写哪本书了吗？ 8 which book to write about “写哪一本书”“写哪一本书” 此处为“特殊疑问词此处为“特殊疑问词+动词不定动词不定 式”结构，在句中作宾语。式”结构，在句中作宾语。 I cant decided when to start. 我不能决定何时动身。 常用语此结构的疑问词还包括疑问

33、代词常用语此结构的疑问词还包括疑问代词 who，whom，what 及疑问副词及疑问副词 when， where 和和 how。 I didnt decide where to live. 二You should hurry up. The book report is due in two weeks.你应该快你应该快 点，读书报告两周后必须交点，读书报告两周后必须交。 hurry up “赶快、快点” in a hurry 匆忙的 Hurry off/away 匆匆离去 hurry into 匆忙进入 hurry out 匆忙出去 due 此处为形容词，意为“预期、预定”，其后可接 to

34、do 不定式。 due to “由于、因为”后跟代词或名词。 Part1 笔记：笔记： Part2 一、一、who else is on my island？我的岛上还有其他什么人？我的岛上还有其他什么人？ else 别的，其他的。放在别的，其他的。放在 who、what、等疑问词后、等疑问词后 But what else can we do？但是我们还能做什么？ else 用于以用于以one，body，thing，place，where 结尾的复合不定代词结尾的复合不定代词/ 副词之后。副词之后。 9 Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧。 二、二、O

35、ne of them died but the other ran towards my house.其中一个人死其中一个人死 了，但另外一个人跑向了我的房子。了，但另外一个人跑向了我的房子。 One.the other. 为固定搭配，用于两者之间，意为“一个为固定搭配，用于两者之间，意为“一个.另一个另一个.” Some. The others 用于三者或三者以上，意为“一些用于三者或三者以上，意为“一些.其余的其余的.” He has two sons，one is a doctor，the other is a student.他有两个儿子，一 个是医生，另一个是学生。 Boys are

36、 on the playground. Some are playing basketball，the others are pl aying football. 男孩们都在操场上，一些正在打篮球，其余的正在踢足球。 区分：区分：another/ the other/ other/ others/ the others . another 指不定数目中的“另一个、又一个” （三个以上）用来代替或修饰可数名词。 如：I dont think the coat is good enough. Can you show me another? . other 泛指“另外的”修饰复数名词。如： We

37、study Chinese, maths, English and other subjects. . others 泛指“另外的人或物” ， 但不指其余的人或物的全部。如： Some like swimming, others like boating. . the other 指两个中的“另一个”如： He has two sons, one is in Shanghai, the other is in Beijing. . the others 特指某一范围内的“其余全部的人或物”如： There are thirty books on the bookshelf. Five are

38、mine, the others are my fathers. 小试牛刀小试牛刀 1. Do you read any _novels? 2. Would you like_ cup of tea? 3. She has two sons. One is in America, and_ lives with her. 4. Some like singing, _prefer dancing. 5. I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and_ is a worker. 6. Two boys will

39、go to the zoo, and_ will stay at home. 7. Put it in your_ hand. 8. He has two daughters. One is a nurse, _is a worker. 9. On _side of the street，there is a tall tree. 10. Mary is much taller than_ girls. 11. I have two cats. One is black, and _ is white. (2001 北京) A. another B. Some C. other D. the

40、other 12. I dont like the apple. Can you give me _ apple? A. other B. others C. another D. the other 10 1 other 2 another 3 the other 4 others 5 Another 6 the others 7 other 8 the other 9 the other 10 the other Part2 笔记笔记 Part3 Every time she is in the library，Sally looks at the many books she hasnt

41、 read yet and she cant wait to read them. 每次在图书馆，丽莎看着许多她每次在图书馆，丽莎看着许多她 还未曾读过的书，就迫不及待地想阅读它们。还未曾读过的书，就迫不及待地想阅读它们。 look at “看”，“看”，look 不及物动词，必须用不及物动词，必须用 at 后接看的对象。后接看的对象。 Look at the blackboard，please. 请看黑板。 cant wait to do sth “迫不及待去做某事“迫不及待去做某事” I cant wait to watch TV. 拓展：拓展：cant help doing sth “情不自禁地做某事”“情不自禁地做某事” He could not help laughing. 他情不自禁地笑了起来。 cant stand doing sth “不能容忍做某事”“不能容忍做某事” I cant stand waiting for a long time. 我不能容忍等那么久。