1、初一上册各模块初一上册各模块知识点知识点及考试重点及考试重点 名词所所有格:名词所所有格: 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,以 s 结尾的复数 名词后面加, students rooms, fathers shoes。 (2). 如复数结尾不是 s 的仍加 s,如:Childrens Day。 (3). 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的 所有格要用 s,例如:a twenty minutes walk,ten miles journey,a boats length,two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。 (4). 无生命名
2、词的所有格则必须用 of 结构,例如:a map of China, the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。 特殊情况: the key to the door/ the answer to the question the ticket for the concert (5). 双重所有格,例如:a friend of my fathers。 【注意注意】 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 s,则表示“分别有”,例如: Johns and Marys rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两
3、间);Toms and Marys bikes(两人各自的自行车)。 两个名词并列,只有一个s,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Marys room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Marys mother(即 Tom 与 Mary 是兄妹)。 名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化 单复数同形:单复数同形:fish fish 、sheepsheep、deerdeer、JapaneseJapanese、ChinChineseese、EnglishEnglish 不规则变化:不规则变化: WomenWomen、 men men 、feetfeet、 micemice、 teeth
4、teeth 1、would 的用法 Would you like to do sth?你愿意干某事吗?提出建议邀请,如 果同意,用 YES,Id love to./all right /A good idea.如果拒 绝,也要客气的回绝。 would like sth 想要某物 Would like sb to do sth 想让某人做某事 Would like to do 想去做一件事情 Would you please do sth?请求 2、表示时间的介词 At 后接时间点,周末 at the weekend In 用在年、月、季节或上午、下午、晚上等名词前 On 后一般跟具体的某一天或
5、某一天的上午、下午或晚上 3、look、see、watch、read Look 集中注意力看,强调看的动作,如跟宾语,要用 at See 强调看的结果,看见,看到 Watch 强调专注地看,有欣赏的意味,常用语看电视,看球赛 Read 阅读,看书 初一下册重点知识初一下册重点知识 2 2、形容词和副词、形容词和副词 形容词比较级用法:形容词比较级用法: 1最明显的提示词是 than,其结构为“A+比较级+than+B”。 2有表示程度的副词 a little,a bit,a lot,much,even,still, far,rather,any 等修饰时,用形容词比较级。 3表示两者之间进行选
6、择“哪一个更”时,句型“Which/Who is+形 容词比较级,A or B?” 4、表示“越来越”,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双 音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。 5、表示“越就越”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。 形容词最高级用法:形容词最高级用法: 1表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。最高 级前必须加定冠词 the,句末常跟一个 in/of 短语来表示范围。 2表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C?” 3、表示“最的之一”时,用“one of the
7、+形容词最高级”+名 词复数 结构, 4、形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最 一、一、 词汇词汇 1 1、enjoyenjoy enjoy sth/doing 喜欢某物/做某件事情 enjoy oneself= have a good time 玩的愉快 派生词派生词:enjoyable,令人愉快的 enjoyment, 乐趣 2 2、dress,put on, wear,be indress,put on, wear,be in dress 后常跟人作宾语,给穿衣服,get dressed 或 dress oneself put on 意为穿上,强调穿的动作,宾语通常是衣服、鞋帽 w
8、ear 穿着,戴着,强调穿的状态,宾语可以是衣帽也可以是 饰品 be in 也表状态,后面要加颜色,表示穿着什么颜色的衣服 3 3、 bring, tabring, take, carry ke, carry 和和 getget 的用法。的用法。 bringbring 意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带 来”。 Bring me the book, please. taketake 意思是“拿走”,“带走” It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you. carry carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思, 不表明来去的方向。 Do
9、 you always carry a handbag? Get Get 是去某处将某物拿回来。 Please go to my office to get some chalk. 4 4、strictstrict adj. be strict with sb.对某人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格 5 5、spendspend 人+spend+时间/金钱+ on sth/ (in) doing sth 6 6、get ready forget ready for get ready for sth 为做准备(强调动作) get ready to do sth 准备
10、去做乐意做(强调动作) be ready for sth 准备好 (强调状态) be ready to do sth 准备好去做乐意做某事(强调 状态) get sth ready 把 sth 准备好 7 7、look forward to doing 8 8、be good/bad at sth./doing do well/badly in 9 9、hope hope 与与 wishwish 的区别:的区别: 希望去做 hope to do sth/wish to do sth 希望 sb 去做 wish sb to do hope 与 wish 后都可以接 that 从句. 二、二、 金
11、牌金牌句型句型 1 1、It is more difficult for old people to learn English. It is +adj.+(for/of sb)+to do sth. 2 2、It is the best way to get to school.It is the best way to get to school. 3 3、WhatWhats the population of Shanghai?s the population of Shanghai? 在询问有多少人口用“Whats the population of”/ “How large is t
12、he population of” 表示“有多少人口”用“have/has a population of” 形容人口的多少用 large 和 small,而不用 many,much 和 few,little 4 4、有关、有关 howhow 的疑问句短语的疑问句短语 How long 多长时间 How soon 过多久,用于将来时间 in+段时间 How often 频率 How far 多远,指距离 5 5、What be sb like? 询问某人什么样,内在品质、性格等; What do/does sb look like? 询问相貌。 初二上册考试重点初二上册考试重点 一、语法一、语
13、法 1 1、 时、 时态的考察态的考察, 对于各种时态主要看时间标志词, 尤其是:just now/just/now; ago/before; five years ago/since five years ago/for five years, 时态的考察以现在完成时为重点,注意非延续 性动词在现在完成加时间的情况下需要变为延续性状态的词。have been to /have been in/ have gone to 2 2、反义疑问句、反义疑问句 祈使句祈使句 Let 引导的祈使句有两种情况: 1) Lets go home, shall we? 2)Let us/me., will y
14、ou。 Let me have a try, will you? 3)动词原形开头的 祈使句都用 will you 或 wont you 当陈述部分含当陈述部分含 I think (believe, suppose.)that. I think (believe, suppose.)that. 结构时,结构时, 其反意疑问句须与从句的主、 谓语保持一致, 注意主句的主语必须是其反意疑问句须与从句的主、 谓语保持一致, 注意主句的主语必须是 第一人称第一人称。例如: I dont think he will come, will he? 若是非第一人称,则与主句的主语相一致 He thinks
15、that she will come, doesnt he? 当陈述部分为从句时,若主句主语为当陈述部分为从句时,若主句主语为 I I ,反意部分的主语为,反意部分的主语为 从句主语从句主语; ;若不为若不为 I I ,反义部分的主语为主句主语。,反义部分的主语为主句主语。 I know your father is a worker, isnt he? she knows your father is a worker, doesnt she? 当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never,
16、 not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither 等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。 例如: He is never late for school, is he? 陈述部分是陈述部分是 there bethere be 句型时句型时,其反意疑问句中要用 there。 There was a hospital here, wasnt there? 陈述部分的主语是陈述部分的主语是 everything, nothing, anythingeverything, nothing, anything 或或 something something 时时,反
17、意 疑问句的主语应用代词 it。 Something is wrong with my radio, isnt it? 我的收音机出毛病 了,是吧? 陈述部分的主语是陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时时, 其反意 疑问句的主语需用复数代词 they。例如: Ever
18、yone is here, arent they? 大家都到了,是吗? 3 3、to do to do 不定式不定式 1. 不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而将作主语的不定式放在 句子后部。 It is exciting to surf the Internet. Its . of sb. to do sth.Its . of sb. to do sth.与与 Its. for sb. to do sth. Its. for sb. to do sth. 形容词形容人的时候用形容词形容人的时候用 of,of,形容事情的时候用形容事情的时候用 forfor Its very kind /
19、 nice of you to help me。 Its hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中国学 生学俄语是很难的。 2.动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,要先用 it 作形 式宾语,而将该不定式后置。 注意注意: 一些动词之后可以接 to 和 doing 作宾语时, 如 stop, forget, remember, try,need 等 I dont think it right to do it in that way. 我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。 I find it hard to get along wi
20、th him. 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。 4.作补语 有些动词后跟不带有些动词后跟不带 to to 的不定式作宾语补足语。的不定式作宾语补足语。 感官动词 使役动词 help sb. do或 help sb. to do 当此 类句子改为被动语态时,要补上 to. He is often heard to sing this song. The workers were made to work 12 hours a day. 动词不定式的省略动词不定式的省略 1)不定式在使役动词 let, have, make 和感官动词 see, watch, notice , observe, h
21、ear, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补时,省略 to。help 可带 to,也可不带 to help sb (to) do sth。 2) Why not 后面接不带 to 的不定式。常用来表建议。 Why not have a break? 3)but 和 except:but/except 前的部分出现实义动词 do 时,其后 面出现的动词不定式可以不带 to。比较: He wants to believe anything but toto take the medicine. Last night I did nothing but (to )watch TV. He
22、 does everything except (to) work. 4) 由 and, or 或 than 连接的两个不定式,第二个不定式的 to 可以 省去。例如: He wants to move to France and marry the girl. 5)通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词 后,可以省去 to be: He is supposed (to be) an honest man. 4 4、情态动词、情态动词 mustmust 是重点是重点 1)表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志) 。否定形式是 need
23、nt, 2)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。否定形 式是 cant 3)mustnt 本身表示“禁止”,“不允许”,“不能” 二、重点词汇、句型二、重点词汇、句型 1、What/how about doing ? Why not/why dont you do.? It is +adj.+for sb to do sth?此句型到第九模块会重点讲 解 2 2、other other 系列词系列词 another adj./pron 泛指多个(三个以及 三个以上)中的另一个 other adj./pron,其他的,别的 onethe other 一个另一个(总共有 两者) o
24、neanother 一个另一个(总数三 者以上者) other+n.=others 其余的一些 The other+n.=the others 其余的全部 3 3、 a little 修饰动词、形容词和副词,有点 修饰不可数名词,一点,一些 a bit 修饰动词、 形容词和副词, 有点,=a little 加介词 of 后可修饰不可数名词 a few 修饰可数名词复数形式 4 4、 no one no one 和和 nonenone no one (=nobody) 不加 of who 提问 没有人 单三动词 none 可加 of how many 提 问 没有人没有 物 单、复数动词 5 5
25、、bring, take, carry bring, take, carry 和和 getget 的用法。的用法。 bringbring 意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。 Bring me the book, please. taketake 意思是“拿走”,“带走”,把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某 处之意。 It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you. carry carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思,指随身携带,有背着、扛着、 抱着、提着的含义,不表明来去的方向。Do you always carry a h
26、andbag? Get Get 是去某处将某物拿回来。 Please go to my office to get some chalk. 6 6、through/across/overthrough/across/over through 穿越,指从空间内穿越 through the door across, 横越穿过, 从表面走过, 或从一边到另一边,across the road over 翻越,跨越 7 7、provide /offerprovide /offer provide sth for sb / provide sb with sth offer sth to sb / of
27、fer sb sth(主动提供) 8 8、happen / take place happen / take place happen 指事件偶然发生,还可以表示“碰巧”之意,不用于被动语态 sth happen to sb sb happen to do sth.某人碰巧做某事 It happens that+句子 take place 多指按计划或者安排而发生,不用于被动语态 9 9、comparewith比较 compareto. 把。 。 。 。比作 1010、depend on sb 依赖 depend on sth 依而定 初二下册重点知识初二下册重点知识 一、重点词汇一、重点词汇
28、 1、makemake make +宾语+动词原形 He made us stay with him. make +宾语+ 形容词 He tried to make his mother happy make +宾语+名词- He made me his friend. make +宾语+介词短语 He asked us to make ourselves at home. make +宾语+过去分词 What made him so frightened? 2 2、seemseem Seem+形容词 English seems a little difficult. Seem to do H
29、e doesnt seem to have any friends. =It seems that he doesnt have any friends. It seems as if they were in a dream. 3 3、s suggestuggest、adviseadvise suggest+名词、代词 suggest doing 建议做某事 advise doing advise sb to do 建议某人做某事 Suggest that .(should) do 4 4、refuse to do sthrefuse to do sth 拒绝做某事拒绝做某事 5 5、bea
30、t beat 打败,后接运动员、球队、对手 win win 接比赛、战争,奖项 6 6、avoid doing sthavoid doing sth 避免做某事避免做某事 7 7、dependdepend depend on sb 依赖 depend on sth 依而定 8 8、on oneon ones owns own 独自独自 by oneself aloneby oneself alone of oneof ones own s own 某人自己的某人自己的 9 9、have problem with have problem with 在哪一方面有麻烦在哪一方面有麻烦 have p
31、roblem/trouble/difficulty (in)doinghave problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing,其中 trouble/difficulty 是不可数名词,前面用 no/much/some/little any 修饰 1010、come upcome up 出现,发生出现,发生 1)发芽,In March, lots of plants begin to come up. 2)太阳升起 3)发生,出现 Ill let him know if anything comes up. 4)被提及 A number of questions ca
32、me up at the meeting. 1111、in order toin order to、toto+ +动词原形、动词原形、so as to,so thatso as to,so that,in order thatin order that in order to、to+动词原形、so as to 引导目的状语从句,有时 为了表示强调,也可把 in order to,to do 放在句首,否定形式 是 in order not to,so as not to 1212、as well asas well as 并且,还,可与并且,还,可与 not onlynot onlybut a
33、lsobut also 互换,但是互换,但是 as well asas well as 强调前面的内容,强调前面的内容,not onlynot onlybut alsobut also 强调后面的强调后面的 内容内容 1)连接两个并列成分 He as well as his friends likes going shopping. 2)as well as 还可以表示“和一样好”,well 是副词,用于修 饰实义动词。 3)as well 可单独做副词,表示“也”,位于句末。 13、such adj. such adj. 如此,如此,这样这样 so +adj.+a/an+单数名词 such+
34、a/an+adj.+单数名词 such +adj.+复数名词、不可数名词, 当 adj.是 many/much/few/little 时用 so 14、倒装句倒装句 So + be/So + be/助动词助动词/ /情态动词情态动词+ +主语主语“某人或某物也一样某人或某物也一样” N Neither+beeither+be/ /助动词助动词/ /情态动词情态动词+ +主语主语 某人也不。 。 。某人也不。 。 。 I will go there tomorrow. So will she. So +So +主语主语+be/+be/助动词助动词/ /情态动词情态动词 “的确如此的确如此” It
35、 was very cold yesterday.昨天很冷。 So it was.的确如此。 对于上述两种情况,当前一句是否定句时, so 须改用 neither 或 nor。 1515、besidesbesides,butbut,exceptexcept 和和 except forexcept for besidesbesides:除了.还包括 He has another car besides this. butbut 与与 excepexcept 同义,但 but 多用在 every,any,no 等和由这些 词构成的复合词 exceptexcept:除了;例句:ExceptExcep
36、t you, there is no one can help me. 除了你没人能帮我 except forexcept for: 在一类中除去另一类, 从整体中除去一个细节 Smith is a good man, except foexcept for his bad temper 二、语法知识二、语法知识 1 1、宾语从句、宾语从句 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如: I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell
37、me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting. 宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态 主句 宾语从句 一般现在 时 一切时态 一般过去 时 过去范畴的某一 时态(一般过去 时;过去进行时; 过去完成时; 过去 将来时) 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽 时态。 I dont think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
38、如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态 (一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时,过去完成时)。例 如: He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting. He asked if you had written to Peter. 知识拓展:知识拓展: 宾从的主语与主句的主语 (或宾语) 相同时, 可把从句替换为“疑 问词 + to do” .I I havent decided where I I will go =I havent decided wher
39、e to gowhere to go .He asked meme what I I bought = He asked me what to buywhat to buy. 2 2、状语从句、状语从句 时间状语从句时间状语从句 1)由 when,as soon as ,before 等引导的时间状语从句用一般 现在时表示将来时间。 2) 带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里, 如果 主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到时”,谓语动词只能用延续性 动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到才”, “在 以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如: The young man re
40、ad till the light went out. We wont start until Bob comes. 条件状语从句条件状语从句 1)条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,一般现在时表示将来时 间。 2)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件 状语从句的复合句。 Hurry up, or youll be late. =If you dont hurry up, youll be late. 结果状语从句结果状语从句 结果状语从句由 sothat, suchthat 此知识点牵扯到重点词汇中的 so+adj.+that so +adj.+a/an+单数
41、名词 such+a/an+adj.+单数名词 such +adj.+复数名词、不可数名词, 当 adj.是 many/much/few/little 时用 so 3 3、to do to do 和和 doingdoing 做宾语做宾语 常考的动词后加-ing. 1. Enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 2. Like doing sth 喜欢做某事 3. Have fun doing sth 玩得开心 4. Practice doing sth 练习做某事 5. Spend doing sth 花费时间做某事(主语是人) 6. Keep doing sth 保持一直做某事 7. How
42、 about doing sth 做某事怎么样(表建议) 8. What about doing sth 做某事怎么样(表建议) 9. Have a difficulty doing sth 做某事有困难 10. Have a good time doing sth 玩得开心 11. Feel like doing sth 想要做某事 12. Cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事 13. start doing sth 开始做某事 14. go on doing sth 继续做某事 continue doing 继续做同一件事 continue to do 做完一件事继续做另一
43、件事 15. mind doing sth 介意做某事 16. finish doing sth 完成做某事 17. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 18. see/hear sb doing 看到/听到某人正在做某事 19. remember doing sth 记住曾做过某事 20. forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事 21. try doing sth 做某事试试看有何效果 22. mean doing sth 意味着做某事 Mean to do 打算做某事 23. cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事 24. stop doing sth.
44、 停止正在做的事 初三上册考试重点知识初三上册考试重点知识 一、一、 语法知识语法知识 1 1、时态、时态 名称名称 时间状语时间状语 用法用法 一般现在时一般现在时 seldom,often,usually every week, on Sundays, once a week 经常性习惯性的动 作、 客观真理、 条件或时间状语从句 中表示将来 一般过去时一般过去时 ago,last week,just now In+ 过 去 的 时 间 , the day before 过去某个事件发生的 动作或存在的状态 现在进行时现在进行时 now,at this time,these days, 还
45、有其他结构:look,listen 现在或现阶段进行的 动作或存在的状态, 状态动词不用于进行 时 过去进行时过去进行时 at this time yesterday,at that time, When和while引导的状语从句 过去某个时刻或某阶 段正在发生的动作 一般将来时一般将来时 tomorrow,next week,soon,in+一段时间,how soon,from now on 将来某时要发生的动 作 打算要做某事 Shall 多于第一人称 连用,一般疑问句中 表示请求、建议 现在完成时现在完成时 ever,just,recently,before, already,yet,s
46、ince+时间点 for+时间段,so far 过去已经发生的动作 对现在的影响; 过去已经开始,持续 到现在;终止性动词 不能和表示一段时间 的状语连用 被动语态的特殊用法:被动语态的特殊用法: 1、不及物动词带介词和介词宾语,在变为被动语态时,仍然要带上介 词,如 The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class. The new students are looked after in the school. The things are take good care of . 2、 当动词带有符合宾语时,并且宾补
47、是省去 “to”的动词不定式时,在 被动语态中应加上 “to”, 一感,二听,三让,四看 They make us do all the work. We are made to do all the work. We often hear her sing English songs. She is often heard to sing English songs. I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school. 3、当动词带双宾语时,将其中一个宾语提前作被动语态的主语,另一 个不动; 如果是将指物或指事的宾语提前,则指人的宾
48、语前应加上 to、for 如: They give me some presents I am given some nice presents. Some nice presents are given to me. He often tells the children some stories. The children are often told some stories (by him) Some stories are often told to the children (by him). 动词后加动词后加 toto:give,show,send,bring,lend,prom
49、isegive,show,send,bring,lend,promise 等。等。 动词后加动词后加 for: pay,buy,sing,make,getfor: pay,buy,sing,make,get,cookcook 等等 3 3、定、定语从句语从句 修饰人只用修饰人只用 whowho 的情况的情况: a. 先行词是 one , ones , anyone , those 时。 b. there be 句型中修饰名词时。 c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。 1)Anyone who hasnt handed in his home- work should stay after scho
50、ol. 2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate. 3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt? 修饰人或物只用修饰人或物只用 thatthat 的情况的情况: (1) 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。 All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被 only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。 He
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