2019新人教版高中英语选修第二册重点句式和语法精讲（全册5份打包）.zip

1、Unit 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 重点句式 1.Snow subscribed to the second theory. 斯诺赞同第二种理论。 2.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵是元凶。 3.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. 因此,他把水泵的把手取下来了,以便无法用水 4.Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link be

2、tween other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. 此外,斯诺后来能够表明其他霍乱病例和伦敦不同的自来水公司之间 的联系。 5.Through Snows tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 通过斯诺的不懈努力,自来水公司开始销售清洁用水,世界各地霍乱的 威胁大幅减少。 6.Fo

3、rtunately,we now know how to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow. 幸运的是,由于约翰斯诺的工作,我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。 7.Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. 斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 8.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 这位妇女似乎

4、非常喜欢水泵的水,所以她每天都让人把水送到她家。 9.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。 10.This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work. 这就是你本应该冷静下来做一些扎实的工作的时候。 11.Many scientists subscribe

5、 to the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming. 许多科学家都认为是人类活动导致了全球变暖。 12.Then,as soon as you take the pressure off,it becomes a liquid again. 然后,一旦去掉压力,它就会再次变成液体。 13.However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation becaus

6、e he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 然而,在 1932 年淞沪战役爆发后,钱学森做出了将自己的专业转向航 空的决定,因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。 14.He received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and

7、missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎,不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学,而且负责 中国的太空和导弹计划。 15.Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. 斯蒂芬霍金是物理学上最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。 16.Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract thoug

8、ht. 由于他得了一种疾病,使他失去了大部分肌肉的使用,他的世界变成了 一个抽象的思想。 17.Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults. 最重要的是,霍金愿意承认自己的错误。 18.When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”,his reply was a determined “Why not.” 当被问到“我们中国人能制造导弹吗?” 他的回答是坚定的“为什 么不能” 本单元语法本单元语法 表语从句 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结 构是“主语

9、+系动词+表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词常见的有: be,feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell 等。 1.that 无词义,在句中不作成分。 The trouble is that we are short of money. 困难是我们资金短缺。 2.whether 意为“是否”,在句中不作成分。 The question is whether we need more ice cream. 问题是我们是否还需要一些冰激凌。 3.what 在表语从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。 That is what I want to tell you. 那就是

10、我想告诉你的。 4.who,which,whom,whose 除在句子中起连接作用外,还可作主语、宾 语和定语,本身具有词义。 The question is which of us should go. 问题是我们哪一个应该去。 5.when,where,how 除在句子中起连接作用外,在从句中还充当时间、 地点、方式或原因状语,本身具有词义。 Go and get your coat.Its where you left it. 去把外套拿来。就在你原来放的地方。 6.That/This is why.那/这就是为什么。后面跟结果。 That/This is because.那/这是因为。

11、后面接原因。 That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. 那就是为什么在新英格兰牧场周围用石头墙而不用栅栏。 7.as if/as though 意为“好像” At that time,it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow. 当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 注意: 1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 My hope is that he will keep it a secret forever. 我

12、的希望是他将永远保守秘密。 2.在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句,谓语动词需 用“should+动词原形” 表示,should 可省略。常见的词有: advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea 等。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。Unit 2 BRIDGING CULTURES 本单元句式本单元句式 1.“I didnt know what to expect,” Xie Lei recalled. “我当时不知道该期待什么,”

13、谢蕾回忆说。 2.Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme. 谢蕾正在中国的一所大学学习商业学历,并来到我们的大学进行为期 一年的交流课程。 3.“My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation,”she explained. 她解释说:“我的志向是毕业后在中国做生意。 ” 4.Alth

14、ough some foreign students live in campus accommodation,Xie Lei chose to live with a host family,who can help with her adaptation to the new culture. 虽然有些外国学生住在学校宿舍里,但谢蕾选择了寄宿家庭,他们可以 帮助她适应新文化。 5.“When I miss home,I feel comforted to have a second family,”Xie Lei said. 谢蕾说,“当我想家的时候,有了第二个家庭,我感到很安慰。 ” 6

15、.Xie Lei also found many courses included students participation in class as part of the final result. 谢蕾还发现,许多课程把学生参与课堂作为最终成绩的一部分。 7.“Engaging in British culture has helped,”she said. 她说:“融入英国文化对我们有帮助。 ” 8.As well as studying hard,Ive been involved in social activities. 除了努力学习,我还参与了社会活动。 9.It was t

16、he first time that she had left China. 这是她第一次离开中国。 10.The first time that she had to write an essay,her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas,but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 她第一次写论文时,导师跟她解释说,如果引用别人的观点就一定要注 明,不过导师主要想知道她是怎么想的!

17、 11.I became more motivated,and Im also a lot more ambitious now! 我变得更积极主动了,我现在也更雄心勃勃了! 12.The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad. 顾问谈到了在出国留学时保持合理的期望。 13.Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. 接触

18、另一种文化和另一种文化中的人可以让交换生对世界有很好的 洞察力。 14.The biggest reason why he loves China,however,is that he enjoys being with Chinese people. 然而,他爱中国的最大原因是他喜欢和中国人在一起。 15.Well,I suppose it was difficult to grasp the tones at first. 嗯,我感觉一开始的时候很难掌握音调。 16.Im having a problem with this English listening task. 我在这个英语听力

19、任务方面有问题。 17.No wonder my classmates say I sound like a robot! 难怪同学们说我听起来像机器人! 18.Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could end up costing most families an arm and a leg. 学费和生活费比国内贵得多,最终可能会使大多数家庭花一大笔钱 19.Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learni

20、ng how to behave in new surroundings. 有些人在学习如何在新的环境中表现时,可能会挣扎和遭受文化冲击。 20.They have great facilities and outstanding professors,helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further strengthen our country. 他们有完善的设施和杰出的教授,帮助教育年轻人,他们将为经济做出 贡献,进一步让我们的祖国更加强大。 21.The education you

21、 gain and the experiences you have will change you for the better. 你所获得的教育和经验将使你变得更优秀。 22.Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture. 与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的角度看待世界,从 而使我们更多地了解自己的文化。 本单元语法

22、名词性从句 名词性从句是高中阶段重要的语法项目之一,它包括主语从句、宾语 从句、表语从句和同位语从句(不要求掌握)。名词性从句的引导词 有: 引导词类别 常见引导词 作用 从属连词 that,whether,if that 无词义,whether 意为 “是否”,在句中不作成分 连接代词 what,which,who,whose, whom,whatever,whichever, whoever,whomever 有词义;在从句中担任成 分,作主语、表语、宾语或 定语等 连接副词 how,when,where,why, however,whenever, wherever 有词义;在从句中担任

23、成 分,作状语 一、that 引导的名词性从句 that 引导名词性从句时本身无意义,只起连接作用,也不在句中作任何 成分。它引导的名词性从句结构和意义都完整,往往用于陈述事实。 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,that 不能省略。引导宾语 从句时,在口语和非正式文体中,that 可省略。但下列情况下,that 不可 省略: 1.that 从句作介词的宾语 2.that 引导的从句位于句首时 3.宾语从句前有插入语时 4.动词后有多个 that 引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个 that 可省略,从第 二个从句开始 that 不可省略 5.it 作形式宾语时,that 引导的宾语从句中 th

24、at 往往不可省略 二、that 引导主语从句时可用 it 作形式主语的四大句式 1.It+be+形容词 (necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,stra nge,normal 等)+that 从句 It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that. 我不可能接受像那样的帮助。 2.It+be+名词(短语)(a pity,a shame,good news,a fact,an honour,a wonder,no wonder

25、等)+that 从句 Its no wonder that he didnt want to go. 难怪他不想去。 3.It+be+过去分词 (said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered, thought,considered,well-known,announced 等)+that 从句 It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday. 会议已经定下来推迟到下周一了。 【特别注意】在 “It+be+suggest

26、ed/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required.+that 从 句”结构中,从句谓语应用“(should+)动词原形”。 It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English. 建议你花更多的时间学习英语。 4.It+特殊动词或短语(seem,appear,happen,matter,turn out,occur to,make no difference 等)+that 从句 It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was af

27、raid of being alone. 她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。Unit 3 FOOD AND CULTURE 本单元句式 1.Prior to coming to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. 在来中国之前,我唯一的中国烹饪经验是在美国,是为了适应美国人的 口味而改变了的中国菜。 2.For example,Americas most popular Chines

28、e dish is General Tsos chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce,flavoured with hot red peppers. 例如,美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左公鸡,一种用甜酱覆盖的炸鸡,用红 辣椒调味。 3.Later,I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions. 后来,我得知山东最著名的食物是煎饼卷大葱。 4.At a

29、 minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region,what kinds of lives they lead,and what they like and do not like. 至少,当地人消费的食物种类告诉我们他们在当地种什么,过什么样的 生活,以及他们喜欢什么,不喜欢什么。 5.On the other hand,it does tell us a lot about Americans. 另一方面,它确实告诉了我们很多关于美国人的事情。 6.Tired,hung

30、ry,and not knowing a word of Chinese,we had no idea how to order,so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. 又累又饿,而且一句汉语也不会,我们压根儿不知道如何点餐,于是厨 师在我们桌上摆满了食物,那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜。 7.Well need ten months at least to have the restaurant decorated. 我们至少需要十个月来装修餐厅。 8.We arrived la

31、te for supper that day,and so we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen. 那天我们吃晚饭迟到了,所以我们就吃了大学食堂剩下的东西。 9.How is Hunan cuisine somewhat different from Sichuan cuisine? 湘菜与川菜有何不同? 10.This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. 无论他们其他方面的饮食多健康,都确实如此。 11.Processed

32、 foods often contain less nutrition,and have higher quantities of sugar,salt,and fat than fresh ingredients. 加工食品往往含有较少的营养,并有比新鲜成分更多的糖、盐和脂肪。 12.There is a large quantity of difficulties in front of us,but we still have faith in victory. 我们面临许多困难,但我们仍对胜利充满信心。 13.The ideal diet is a balanced one,witho

33、ut too much or too little of any one thing. 理想的饮食是均衡的,没有太多或太少的任何一样东西。 14.There is no one trick to healthy eating. 健康饮食没有一个诀窍。 15.However,there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food,as it is sugar. 然而,越来越多的证据表明,不良健康的真正推手并非过多的脂肪类食 物,而实际上是糖。 16.It is up to

34、 you to decide how you want to live,and to make the right decisions about your diet. 你可以自己决定如何生活,如何选择正确的饮食。 本单元语法 过去完成时及其被动语态 一、过去完成时的构成 陈述句 一般疑问句 I had (not) done. Had I done.? He/She/It he/she/it We we You you They they 二、过去完成时的用法 1.表示过去某个时间或事件之前完成的动作,句中有明显的参照动作 或时间状语。 She was surprised to find th

35、e fridge empty;the child had eaten everything! 她惊讶地发现冰箱里空空如也;她的孩子把里面的东西全吃光了! 2.表示过去某个时间或事件之前发生的动作一直延续到过去的另一 时间或动作,此时谓语应为延续性动词。常用的时间状语有:by then,by the end of,by that time,until then,by the time +从句等。 Experiments of this kind had been conducted in Europe well before the Second World War. 早在二战爆发前,欧洲就进行

36、过这种实验。 3.动词 hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan 等用过去完成 时表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。 I had hoped to go to your birthday party,but I was too busy. 我本来想参加你的生日聚会,但是我太忙了。 4.用于过去完成时的句型 (1)在 hardly/scarcely.when;no sooner.than 句型中,主句用过去完成 时,从句用一般过去时。 I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. 我刚

37、做完工作,他就来看我。 (2)在 It was the first/second/.time that.“这是第一/第二/次” 中,that 从句要用过去完成时。 It was the third time that the boy had been late. 这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。 三、过去完成时的被动语态 1.过去完成时的被动语态的构成形式 (1)肯定结构:主语+had been done+其他成分. (2)否定结构:主语+had not been done+其他成分. (3)疑问句结构:Had+主语+been done+其他成分Unit 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAS

38、T LAND 本单元句式 1.Later,they took a pleasant hike in a forest just a short distance away. 后来,他们在不远处的森林里愉快地远足。 2.The next morning,the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise,passing through the Canadian Rockies. 第二天早上,两个女孩早早起来坐火车经过加拿大落基山脉去路易斯 湖。 3.When the train arrived at the station,the

39、y took a taxi to Lake Louise,where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. 火车到站后,她们乘坐出租车来到路易斯湖,那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽,令 她们惊叹不已。 4.They spent the night,and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper. 他们在那里过了一夜,然后乘坐长途汽车,北上穿越加拿大的落基山脉,来 到贾斯珀。 5.In addi

40、tion to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests,one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures,including deer,mountain goats,and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.除了壮观的山峰和森林外,他们此行的一大亮点就是看到许多不 同的生物,包括鹿、山羊、甚至还有一只灰熊和一只鹰。 6.Edmonton is freezing cold in winter,with daily

41、temperatures averaging - 10 . 埃德蒙顿冬季寒冷,日平均气温为-10C。 7.However,they did not anticipate seeing such an open country,and were truly amazed. 然而,他们没有料到会看到这样一个开放的国家,真的很惊讶。 8.Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way,they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. 他们决定乘飞机去温哥华,然后坐火车,而不是坐

42、商业航空公司的飞机。 【温馨提示】 rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 9.It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto. 直到上午 9 时 30 分,他们才终于到达多伦多的首府安大略省。 10.Judy enrolled in a programme of study that was eight months in duration,but she completed it in

43、 only six months.朱迪参加了一个为期八 个月的研究项目,但她只用了六个月就完成了。 11.A growing number of woodworkers have decided to move to the urban areas for better jobs. 越来越多的木工决定搬到城市去找更好的工作。 12.They must have spent a pleasant evening together. 他们在一起一定度过了一个愉快的夜晚。 13.Well,contrary to what many people believe,there are a lot of

44、vast and empty spaces in China,actually. 嗯,与许多人所相信的相反,中国实际上有很多广阔而空旷的地域。 14.Anyhow,the next station is my stop! 不过,我下一站就到站了! 15.they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal,so they went on a tour of the city. 在出发到旅程的下一站蒙特利尔之前只有几个小时的消磨时间, 他们就在(

45、多伦多)市里逛了逛。 16.Standing in the distance,they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls,which is on the south side of the lake. 站在远处眺望,他们惊奇地看到从湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布升起的水 雾。 17.They were surprised to see that all the signs and advertisements were in French and many people spoke Engli

46、sh with an accent. 他们惊讶地看到,所有的标志和广告都是法语,许多人说英语带有口音。 18.You owe it to yourselves to stay longer. 你们应该多待些时间。 19.Chinese people have been coming here for more than a hundred years. 中国人来这里已经一百多年了。 20.As they sat in a restaurant alongside the broad St Lawrence River,a young man sat down with them. 当她们坐在宽

47、阔的圣劳伦斯河旁的一家餐馆里时,一个年轻人和她们 坐在了一起。 21.It is said that a person who travels far knows more. 人们说读万卷书不如行万里路。 本单元语法 过去分词(短语)作状语和表语 一、过去分词(短语)作状语 1.过去分词(短语)作状语时的意义 过去分词(短语)作状语,说明谓语动词的动作和状态,其逻辑宾语是句 子的主语,也就是说过去分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系。 2.过去分词(短语)作状语时的作用 由于过去分词(短语)具有副词的某些特征,因此在句中可以作原因、 时间、条件、让步、伴随或结果等状语。 (1)时间状语 (2)条件状

48、语 3.过去分词(短语)作状语时的转换 (1)过去分词(短语)作原因、时间、条件、让步、方式等状语时可以 改成其相应的状语从句。 United we will stand;divided we will fall. If we are united we will stand;if we are divided we will fall. 团结就是胜利;分裂必然失败。 (2)过去分词(短语)作伴随状语或结果状语时可转换为并列结构。 The patient got off the bed,supported by the nurse. The patient got off the bed an

49、d was supported by the nurse. 病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。Unit 5 FIRST AID 本单元句式本单元句式 1.What first-aid techniques do you know of? 你知道哪些急救技术? 2.It also helps control your body temperature,prevents your body from losing too much water,warns you when things are too hot or cold,and gives you your sense of touch. 它还有助于

50、控制体温,防止你的身体失去太多的水分,当东西太热或太 冷时警告你,并给你触觉。 3.swollen;the tissue underneath can often be seen 肿胀;通常能看到下面的组织 4.If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns,there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 如果患者有二级或三级烧伤,急需立即送往医院。 5.You can get burnt by a variety of things: h