2019新人教版高中英语必修第一册词汇表Unit 1含教材例句及词汇用法讲解.docx

1、2019 人教版高一英语新教材必修一词汇表 （含教材例句及词汇用法讲解） 本词汇表主要特色： 1.呈现教材原文例句，重视词汇在语境中的运用。 2.词汇用法讲解紧扣新课标和新考纲，深度和广度适中，条理清晰，系统完整。 3.精选高考真题例句、词典例句和时文例句，例句具有典型性和示范性。 4.展示高考真题，揭示高考命题角度和思路。 5.适合高一学生同步使用以及高三学生总复习使用。 Book 1 Unit 1 1. teenage / ti:ned/ adj. 十几岁的（指 13 至 19 岁）; 青少年的 teenage life 青少年生活（P11） teenage girls/boys 十几岁的

2、少女 / 少年 Now Lu Han has become a teenage idol. 现在鹿晗已经成为青少年崇拜的偶像了. 2. teenager / ti:ned(r)/ n. （13 至 19 岁之间的） 青少年 As a teenager, you should concentrate on your study. 作为一个青少年，你应该全神贯注于学习。 Over half teenagers in our class said they read more than ten books a year. 我们班超过一半的青少年说他们一年读十多本书。 3. ballet /b le/

3、 n. 芭蕾舞；芭蕾舞剧 Ballet Club 芭蕾俱乐部（P12） She wants to be a ballet dancer . 她想当芭蕾舞演员。 Swan Lake is one of the great ballets. 天鹅湖是一部伟大的芭蕾舞剧之一。 4. volunteer /vlnt(r)/ n. 志愿者 Volunteer Club 志愿者俱乐部（P12） Any volunteers? 有没有人自告奋勇？ Li Yan was a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games. 李岩是一个 2008 年奥林匹克运动会志愿者。 School

4、s need volunteers to help children to read. 学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。 vt. preferred; preferring) prefer sth 更喜欢某事 -Coffee or tea? -Id prefer tea, thanks. -要咖啡还是茶？ -我更喜欢茶，谢谢。 When Im down or tired, I prefer movies that can cheer me up. 当我心情不好或疲惫时，我更爱看那些能使我高兴起来的电影。 preferto 喜欢多于 I much prefer jazz to rock musi

5、c. 我喜欢爵士乐远胜过摇滚乐。 Nowadays most kids prefer watching TV to reading. 现在大多数孩子都喜欢看电视而不喜欢读书。 prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事 I prefer helping others. 我更喜欢帮助别人。 （P12） prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 Now young people prefer to celebrate western festivals.现在年轻人更喜欢过西方的节日。 We can eat out if you like, but I would prefer to

6、stay in. 如果你喜欢，我们就出去吃饭，但是我更喜欢在家里吃。 prefer sb. to do sth. 更喜欢某人做某事 Would you prefer me to stay?你愿意我留下来吗？ prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 比起做某事更喜欢做某事 I prefer to go to the cinema rather than watch TV. Rather than watch TV, I prefer to go to the cinema. 比起看电视，我更喜欢去看电影。 【拓展】 preference /prefrns/ n

7、. C; U 偏爱；喜好 A polar bear has a preference for cold weather. 北极熊更喜欢寒冷的天气. Now employers will give a preference to the students who have graduated from universities in Project 985 and 211. 现在雇主更优先考虑毕业于 985 和 211 的大学毕业生。 7. content / kntent / n. 内容; pl 目录; （书、讲话、节目等的）主题 Predict content 预测内容（P12） The a

8、rticle is good in content. 这篇文章内容不错。 There is no list of contents. 没有章首目录。 What is the content of the report? 这个报告的主题是什么？ 8. movement / mu:vmnt / n. 动作；运动; 活动 learn new movements 学习新动作（P12） She watched the dancer and tried to copy her movements. 她观察那个跳舞的人，想模仿她的动作。 Scientists are trying to explain th

9、e movement of the planets and the changes in environmental conditions.科学家设法解释行星的运动和环境状况的变化。 This was my first time to take part in the peace movement. 这是我初次参加和平运动。 The police are keeping a close watch on the suspects movements. 警察正在密切监视嫌疑犯的活动。 9. greenhouse / gri:nhas/ n. 温室；暖房 work in a greenhouse

10、在温室里工作（P12） The tomatoes were grown in the greenhouse. 这些西红柿是在温室栽培的。 greenhouse gas/ effect 温室气体/效应 10. clean up 打扫（或清除）干净 clean up parks 清理公园（P12） While Im out you might clean up the kitchen. 我不在的时候，你可以打扫一下厨房。 The students took turns to clean up their classroom. 学生们轮流打扫教室。 Boys and girls, clean up

11、for dinner. 孩子们, 收拾干净准备开饭吧! 11. suitable /su:tbl/ adj. 适合的；适用的 I hope that well find a suitable house very soon. 我希望很快找到合适的房子。 Look for a shirt of a more suitable color and size. 找一件颜色和尺寸更合适的衬衫。 suitable for 对 适合的 Which club do you think is suitable for Adam? 你认为哪个俱乐部适合亚当？（P12） This programme is not

12、 suitable for children. 这个节目儿童不宜。 Is she suitable for the job? 她适合做这项工作吗? 12. actually / ktuli/ adv. 事实上; 的确 Actually, I like acting better. 实际上，我更喜欢演戏。 （P13） Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. 实际上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展和变化。 They actually

13、feel worse, not better. 他们事实上感觉更糟，而不是更好。 He is actually very hardworking. 他的确很努力。 【高考链接】 A taste for meat is _ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.（2018 全国卷 II） 答案及解析： 1.actually 考查词性转换。句意：实际上这种变化背后的原因是人们对肉类的偏好:玉米的一 个重要作用是被用来喂鸡、猪和牛。空格处

14、用作状语，故答案为 actually。 【拓展】 actual / ktul/ adj. 真实的; 实际的 The actual cost was higher than we expected. 实际成本比我们预计的要高。 James looks younger than his wife but in actual fact he is five years older. 詹姆斯看起来比他妻子年轻，但实际上他还大五岁。 What she said is the actual situation. 她讲的确系实情。 13. challenge /t lnd/ n. 挑战；艰巨任务 Senio

15、r high school is a challenge. 高中是一个挑战。 （P14） Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. 从初中到高中是一个很大的挑战。 （P14） Do you face the same challenges as Adam? 你和亚当面临同样的挑战吗？ John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. 约翰斯诺想面对挑战，解决这个问题。 The new government

16、s first challenge is the economy. 新政府面临的第一个难题是经济问题。 My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. 我最大的挑战是学习如何在餐桌上举止得体。 vt. 怀疑；向挑战 However, this view is challenged by some researchers. 然而，这个观点受到了一些研究人员的质疑。 The job doesnt really challenge him. 这项工作不能真正地考验他。 Online gaming allows p

17、layers from around the world to challenge each other. 网络游戏使得全球的玩家可以相互较量。 I challenged him to a game of table tennis. 我邀他和我赛一场乒乓球。 【拓展】 （1）challenging /t lnd/ adj. 有挑战性的 We found the task challenging. 我们发现这项任务很具挑战性。 （2）challenged / t lndd/ adj. 受到挑战的 I feel that my honesty is seriously challenged. 我感

18、觉我的诚实受到严重挑战。 【高考链接】 I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel_65_(challenge).（2018 全国卷 III 语法填空） 答案：challenged 句意：我快速蹲下，低下头，避免直视他，因此他不会觉得受到挑战。 表示“受到挑战的” ，用 challenged。 （3）challenger /t lind/ n.挑战者 The young challenger won the game. 那位年轻的挑战者赢得了比

19、赛。 14. title /tatl/ n. （书、诗歌等的）名称；标题； 职称；头衔 You can find main ideas by first taking a quick Look at the title, picture(s), key words and phrases, and topic sentences. 你可以先快速浏览一下标题、图片、关键词和短语以及主题句，找到中心思想。 （P14） I turned around and wrote the title on the blackboard. 我转过身，在黑板上写下了题目。 The title of this pl

20、ay is Othello. 这部剧作的名字是“奥赛罗” 。 He was given the title of prime minister. 他被授予总理之职。 The title will be officially given to me at a ceremony in London. 在伦敦举行的一个仪式上，这个头衔将正式授予给我。 15. topic / tpk/ n. 话题; 标题 Find the topic sentence of each paragraph. 找出每段的主题句。 The China-US trade war has now become a hot to

21、pic . 现在中美贸易战成为热门话题。 What is the topic of the mans writing assignment? 这个人的写作任务的标题是什么？ The main topic of this unit is about “festivals”. 本单元的主要话题是关于“节日”的。 16. freshman / fremn / n. （especially NAmE） （中学）九年级学生； （大学）一年级新生 （复数: freshmen） My name is Adam and Fm a freshman at senior high school 我叫亚当，我是高中

22、一年级的新生。 （P14） Im a freshman at middle school. 我是中学九年级的学生。 This is my first year of college. Im a freshman. 这是我进入学院的第一年，我是新生。 As a freshman, I am looking forward to my college life. 我作为一个初入大学的新生，对大学生活充满期待。 She passed the TOEFL exam in her freshman year. 她大一时就通过了托福考试。 17. confuse /knfju:z/ vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑

23、 It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students. 再把这个问题解释一遍很重要，否则我们会使学生困惑的。 confuse A and/with B（将）弄混；混同 People often confuse me and my twin sister. 人们常常把我和我的孪生妹妹搞错。 18.confusing /knfju:z/ adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的 The first week was a little confusing. 第一周有点让人感到困惑。 （P14） a confusing ga

24、me 一个令人困惑的游戏 The instructions on the box are very confusing. 盒子上的使用说明令人费解。 19.confused /knfju:zd/ adj. 人感到糊涂的；迷惑的 People are confused about what they should eat to stay healthy. 人们对该吃什么才能保持健康这个问题感到困惑。 He was in a confused state of mind. 他心里充满了迷惑。 20. fluent /flu:nt/ adj. （尤指外语）流利的；熟练的 I know that Ch

25、inese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent when I graduate. 我知道汉语是一门很难的语言，但是我希望毕业后能说得很流利。 （P14） My father speaks fluent English. 我父亲讲一口流利的英语。 He is a fluent speaker of English. 他说一口流利的英语。 She is fluent in five languages. 她通晓五种语言。 【拓展】 fluently /flu:ntl/ adv. 流利地；流畅地 Though he is not

26、 a native English speaker, he can speak English very fluently. 虽然他的母语不是英语，但是他的英语讲的很流利。 Visitors were amazed that the students could speak English so fluently. 外宾对学生们能讲如此流利的英语感到惊讶。 21. graduate /rdet/ vi. 文学作品 Mr. Smith is a professor of English Literature. 史密斯先生是一个英国文学教授。 He is good at both language

27、 and literature. 他擅长语言和文学。 The 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Mo Yan. 2012 年诺贝尔文学奖被授予莫言。 27. extra-curricular / ekstr krkjl(r)/ adj. 课外的; 课程以外的 I had to choose extra-curricular activities, too. 我也不得不选择课外活动。 （P14） extra - curricular books 课外书 Shes taken part in many extra-curricular ac

28、tivities . 她参加了许多课外活动。 I need some materials for extra - curricular studies. 我需要一些课外学习材料。 28. extra /ekstr/ adj. 额外的；附加的 In most hotels, breakfast is provided at no extra charge.在大多数的宾馆， 供应早餐， 不另收费。 The extra money could be spent on this project. 多余的资金可以用在这个项目上。 British Airlines is putting on an ext

29、ra flight to London tomorrow. 英国航空公司明天将增加一班到伦敦的航班。 Take extra care on the roads this evening. 今晚在路上要格外小心。 29. obviously / bvisli/ adv. 显然地； 明显地 Obviously, I was unhappy, but I wont quit. 显然，我不开心，但我不会放弃。 （P14） Obviously, we dont want to spend too much money. 很明显，我们不想花太多的钱。 Diet and exercise are obvio

30、usly important. 显然，饮食和运动是重要的。 The answer is obviously wrong. 这个答案很显然是错误的。 She was in bed and obviously in great pain. 她躺在床上显然很痛苦。 【拓展】 obvious / bvis / adj. 明显的; 显然的 obvious answers/ errors/ reasons 明显的答案/错误/理由 It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated. 人人一看便知，那个孩子受过虐待。 The re

31、asons for this decision were not obvious . 作出这一决定的理由还不清楚。 30. quit / kwt/ vi. 有责任感地 You are no longer a child and should behave responsibly. 你不再是个孩子， 应该负责任地行事。 33.responsibility /rspnsblti/ n.责任；义务 rights and responsibilities 权利和义务 He has a strong sense of responsibility. 他有很强的责任感。 responsibility fo

32、r (doing) sth. （做）的责任 You must take responsibility for your actions and choices. 你必须为你的行为和选择负责任。 We need to take responsibility for looking after our own health. 我们必须对自己的健康负责。 responsibility to do sth. 做的责任 Parents have a responsibility to give their children a sense of safety. 父母有责任给孩子一种安全感。 I thin

33、k we have a responsibility to help these poor children. 我认为我们有责任帮助这些穷孩子。 34. solution / slu:n/ n. 解决办法; 答案 We are trying to find a peaceful solution. 我们正在寻求一个和平解决办法。 solution to sth 解决某事的办法（答案） We are trying to find solutions to global warming. 我们正设法找到解决全球变暖的办法。 Theres no simple solution to this pro

34、blem. 这个问题没有简单的解决办法。 The solution to the quiz is on page 81. 测验的答案在第 81 页。 【拓展】 solve /slv/ vt. 解决；解答 Well have to think of a way to solve the problem. 我们得想个法子解决这个问题. to solve a puzzle 解难题 35. schedule /edju:l ；NAmE skedul / n.工作计划； 日程安排 I need to make a workable schedule. 我需要制定一个可行的时间表。 （P15） Now s

35、he is planning our schedule for the trip. 现在，她正为这次旅行制订计划。 Usually his wife organizes his busy schedule. 通常他的妻子安排他紧张的日程。 a train schedule 列车时刻表 ahead of/ on / behind schedule 先于/按照/迟于预定时间 The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule. 新桥提前两年落成。 Our task was finished on schedule. 我们的任务按

36、时完成了。 The project has already fallen behind schedule . 工程已经晚了工期。 vt. 安排；预定 Ive scheduled a concert next week. 我下周安排了一个音乐会。 The meeting is scheduled for Friday afternoon. 会议安排在星期五下午。 Im scheduled to arrive in Beijing at 5 oclock. 我预计在 5 点钟抵达北京。 36. editor /edt(r)/ n. 主编； 编辑；编者 Some of the students wa

37、nt to become writers or editor after they graduate. 有些学生想在毕业后成为作家或编辑。 （P15） He was once the editor of China Daily. 他曾经是中国日报的主编。 She works as an editor in a famous newspaper. 她在一家著名的报社担任编辑。 37. plate /plet/ n. 盘子，碟子 The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate. 那边的孩子们正在把东西放在一个圆纸盘上

38、。 （P16） He put much food on his plate. 他把食物放到盘子里。 He had a plate of beef and two eggs for lunch. 他午餐吃了一盘牛肉，两个鸡蛋。 Sorry, I didnt break the plate on purpose. 对不起，我不是故意打碎盘子的。 38. adventure /dvent(r)/ n. 冒险; 奇遇 Adventure Camp 探险营（P17） a spirit of adventure 冒险精神 adventure stories / trips 历险故事/旅行 The Adve

39、ntures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆索亚历险记 She wrote a book about her adventures in Africa. 她写了一本讲述她在非洲的奇遇。 【拓展】 adventurer /dventr(r)/ n. 探险家；冒险家 James Cook was an English famous adventurer. 詹姆斯库克是英国著名的探险家。 The adventurer is telling his own story to the children. 冒险家正在给孩子们讲他自己的经历。 39. expert /ekspt/ n. 专家；行家 The

40、rell be some experts there to show us how to live in the wild. 将有专家向我们展示如何在野外生活。 （P17） a computer/medical expert 计算机 / 医学专家 If people have problems, they should get advice from an expert. 如果人们有问题，他们应该从专家那里获得建议。 Experts believe that robot will be used everywhere in the future. 专家相信机器人在未来将会被应用到各个角落。 a

41、n expert in/ on/ at sth 方面的专家（内行） Hes an expert in/ on/ at international trade. 他是一位国际贸易专家。 adj. 熟练的；内行的；专家的 an expert driver 技术高超的驾驶员 expert advice 专家建议 We need some expert help. 我们需要一些内行的帮助。 She is expert in/ on/ at teaching kids. 她在教孩子学习方面经验丰富。 40. youth /ju:/ n. 青年时期; 青春 international youth camp

42、 国际青年营（P17） He had been a talented musician in his youth. 他年轻时很有音乐天才。 Many of us do stupid things in our youth. 我们很多人在年轻的时候都会干些糊涂事。 【拓展】 young /j/ adj. 年轻的; 年幼的; 青年的 The young couple decided to have a child. 小两口决定要个孩子。 He started playing with computers at a young age. 他很小就开始玩电脑。 41. behaviour /bhevj

43、(r)/ n. 行为; 举止 I recommend that you talk to your friend about his behaviour. 我建议你和你的朋友谈谈他的行为。 （P18） good/bad behaviour 良好 / 恶劣行为 Custom has a great influence on his behaviour. 习俗对他的行为举止影响很大。 His cold behaviour hurt her deeply. 他冷淡的态度深深地伤害了她。 The Obama effect is changing peoples views and behaviour.

44、“奥巴马效应”正在改变人们的观点和行为。 【拓展】 behave /bhev/ vi. 举止端正；有礼貌； （使）守规矩 They behaved very badly towards their guests. 他们对客人们很不礼貌。 He behaved like a true gentleman. 他的行为像个真正的绅士。 Will you kids just behave! 孩子们，规矩点！ behave yourself 守规矩；举止得体 I want you to behave yourselves while Im away. 我不在家时你们要乖乖的。 Did you behav

45、e yourself at the party? 你在聚会上举止得体吗 ? 42. generation /denren/ n. 一代（人） It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world. 对你们这一代的青少年来说，被电脑游戏和网络世界所吸引并不罕见。 （P18） the younger/older generation 年轻的一代；老一辈 a new generation of iPhone 新一代的苹果手机 These sto

46、ries have been passed down from generation to generation. 这些故事世代相传。 43. attract /tr kt/ vt. 吸引；引起的注意（或兴趣） The exhibition has attracted thousands of visitors. 展览吸引了成千上万的参观者。 The low prices attracted more customers. 低价格吸引了更多客户。 This advertisement is intended to attract the attention of housewives. 这个广

47、告旨在吸引家庭主妇们的注意力。 be attracted to 喜爱 It is natural for people to be attracted to beautiful things. 人们喜欢美丽的事物是很自然的事情。 It seemed that she would not be attracted to guys like us. 好像她不会喜欢我们这样的男人。 【拓展】 （1）attraction /tr kn/ 吸引；吸引力 City life holds little attraction for me. 我对城市生活不感兴趣。 The main attraction of

48、 New York is the nightlife. 纽约最具吸引力的是夜生活. The film sets have become a tourist attraction. 电影拍摄场景已成为一个旅游胜地。 【高考链接】 But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_(attract). （2016 全国卷 I 语法填空） 答案：attraction 句意：但对于像我这样的游客，大熊猫是最吸引人的。根据 its top 可知后 面应跟名词 attraction。 （2）attractive /tr ktv/ adj. 有魅力的；吸引人的 She

49、s a very attractive woman. 她是个妩媚动人的女子。 A big house with a beautiful garden is attractive to many people. 带有美丽花园的巨宅对许多人来说都有巨大的吸引力。 44. focus / fks / vt.& vi. 集中（精力、注意力等） ； （使）调节焦距 focus on (doing) sth 集中于（做）某事；聚焦于 But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. 但是花太多时间上网是不健康的， 而且让你很难把注意力集中在生活中的其他事情上。（P18） They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 农民关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。 The discussion focused on three main problems. 讨论集中在三个主要问题上。 In this scene, the camera focuses on the actors face. 在这个镜头中，摄影机对准演员的脸部。 fo