2019新人教版高中英语必修第一册词汇表Unit 4含教材例句及词汇用法讲解.docx

1、2019 人教版高一英语新教材必修一词汇表 （含教材例句及词汇用法讲解） 本词汇表主要特色： 1.呈现教材原文例句，重视词汇在语境中的运用。 2.词汇用法讲解紧扣新课标和新考纲，深度和广度适中，条理清晰，系统完整。 3.精选高考真题例句、词典例句和时文例句，例句具有典型性和示范性。 4.展示高考真题，揭示高考命题角度和思路。 5.适合高一学生同步使用以及高三学生总复习使用。 Book 1 Unit 4 1.disaster / dz:st(r) / n.灾难；灾害 natural disasters 自然灾害 （P47） an air disaster 空难 It was the second

2、 air disaster in less than two months. 这是不到两个月内的第二次空难了。 Thousands of people died in the disaster. 数千人在这场灾难中丧生。 2. tornado /t:ned / n.(pl. -oes or -os) 龙卷风；旋风 The tornado killed dozens of lives. 那场龙卷风夺去了几十条人命. 3.drought / drat / n.旱灾；久旱 The ground is as hard as stone after the drought. 长期干旱后土地硬得就像石头一

3、样。 4.landslide / lndslad / n. ( landfall) ( 山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡 The village was destroyed by a landslide. 滑坡摧毀了村庄。 The heavy rain caused the landslide. 大雨引起山体滑坡。 5.slide / slad / vi. 溜进 The thief slid into the room. 小偷悄悄溜进房间。 6. tsunami / tsu:n:mi / 海啸 Large earthquakes can cause powerful tsunamis. 大地震可以引起

4、强烈的海啸。 7.flood / fld / n. 洪水；大量 The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country. 大雨使全国许多地方泛滥成灾。 More than 70 people were killed in the floods. 70 多人因洪灾丧生。 The river is in flood. 河水泛滥。 a flood of 大量的 He received a flood of thank-you letters. 他收到大量感谢信件。 vi.淹没；大量涌入 Water flooded in throug

5、h the back door. 水从后门涌进来。 Telephone calls flooded in from all over the country. 全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。 vt 使灌满水；淹没 The heavy rain flood the village. 大雨淹没了这个村庄。 The afternoon light flooded the little rooms 午后的阳光洒满一间间小屋。 8.volcanic eruption / vlknk rpn / 火山喷发 Volcanic eruption is the most terrible natural disa

6、sters on earth. 火山喷发是地球上最可怕的自然灾害之一。 9. magnitude / mgntju:d / n. (地）震级；重大 The Wenchuan earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0. 汶川地震的震级为 8.0 级。 We did not realize the magnitude of the problem. 我们没有意识到这个问题的重要性。 10. rescue / reskju: / n. Will the two Koreas unify? 德国在 1990 年正式统一了；两个朝鲜能统一吗？ The new leader ho

7、pes to unify the country. 新领袖希望把国家统一起来。 33.wisdom / wzdm / n. 智慧；才智 Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 唐山市已向中国和世界其他地区证明：在灾难时期，人们必须团结一致, 展现智慧，保持积 极的心态，重建更光明的未来

8、。 （P50） A man of great wisdom often appears slow . 大智若愚。 Experience is the mother of wisdom. 经验为智慧之母。 【拓展】 wise / waz / adj. 聪明的；有智慧的 a wise old man 智叟 She is a wise woman. 她是一个才女。 She made a very wise decision. 她作了一个非常明智的决定。 Im wiser after ten years in the business. 在商界混了十年之后，我变得聪明了。 34.context/ kn

9、tekst / n. 上下文；语境；背景 Use context to understand new word 使用上下文来理解新单词。 （P51） You should be able to guess the meaning of the word from the context. 你应该能从上下文语境猜出这个词的含义。 35.suffer / sf(r) / vt. 遭受；蒙受 Within a few days she had become seriously ill and suffered great pain. 几天的时间，她就病得很严重了，疼痛难忍。 The company

10、suffered heavy losses last year. 公司去年出现巨额亏损。 vi. ( 因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 They suffered terribly when their son was killed. 儿子遇难之后，他们悲痛欲绝。 At least he died suddenly and didnt suffer. 起码他死得很突然，没遭受痛苦。 suffer from 因而痛苦；患有（疾病等） Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injuries. 有些人被发现还活着，尽

11、管他们受到了严重的伤。 （P51） He suffered from poor eyesight and could no longer read properly. 他视力不好，再也不能正常阅读了。 He appears to be strong and healthy , but he suffers from heart disease. 他看上去强健, 其实他患有心脏病。 【拓展】 （1）sufferer /sfr(r)/ n受苦者；受难者；患病者 This new cancer treatment offers hope to many sufferers. 这新的癌症治疗法给许多病

12、人带来希望。 （2）suffering /sfr/ n. 痛苦；苦难 We must bring suffering and hunger to an end in the world. 我们必须结束世界上的苦难和饥饿。 A man who fears suffering is already suffering from what he fears. 害怕承受痛苦的人，他已经在承受害怕本身所带来的痛苦了。 36.volcano / vlken / n. 火山 Etna is Europes most active volcano. 埃特纳山是欧洲最活跃的火山。 There are more

13、than 100 volcanoes in Japan. 日本有 100 多处火山。 37.erupt / rpt / vi.& vt. ( 火山）爆发； （岩浆、烟等）喷出 The couple volunteered to help after the volcano erupted. 火山爆发后这对夫妇自愿帮忙。 （P52） An active volcano may erupt at any time. 活火山会随时喷发。 A fight has erupted outside the restaurant. 饭馆外发生了斗殴。 【拓展】 eruption /rpn/ n. 火山爆发；

14、 （战争等）爆发 The eruption of the volcano destroyed many villages. 火山爆发破坏了很多村庄。 38.supply / spla / n.供应（量） ；补给；pl. 补给品 The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集的。 （P52） Our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了。 Books were in short suppl

15、y. 书籍供应短缺。 vt. 供应；供给 supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 向某人提供某物 Russia supplies the European countries with natural gas. = Russia supplies natural gas to the European countries. 俄罗斯向欧盟国家输送天然气。 39.typhoon / tafu:n / n.台风 Many homes were destroyed by the typhoon. 许多房屋被台风摧毁。 40.in the open air 露天；在户

16、外 People put up shelters in the open air. 人们在户外搭建庇护所。 （P52） The film will be shown in the open air tonight. 今晚电影在露天演。 41.hurricane / hrkn / n . ( 尤指大西洋的）飓风 After the hurricane, many peoples homes were destroyed. 飓风过后许多人的房屋被毁。 42. survive / svav/ vt. 幸存；艰难度过 Shes feeding the baby who survived the ear

17、thquake 她正在喂养地震中幸存的婴儿。 （P52） Many birds didnt survive the cold winter. 很多鸟死于这次严冬。 She survived her husband by ten years. 丈夫死后她又活了十年。 vi.生存；存活 Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived. 因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。 Companies must be able to survive in the marketplace. 公司必须有能力在市场竞争中生存下去。 su

18、rvive from sth 从中幸存下来 Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。 survive on sth 依靠生存 I cant survive on 40 a week. 一星期 40 英镑，我无法维持生活。 【拓展】 （1）survivor /svav/ n. 幸存者；生还者 Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. 幸存者无论朝哪里看，除了废墟什么也没有。 （P50） But how could the

19、survivors believe it was natural? 幸存者又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢？ There was only one survivor of the accident. 这次事故中只有一名幸存者。 It is said that there were no survivors of the plane crash. 据说这次飞机失事无一人生还。 Many firms will die, but the survivors will get stronger than before. 许多公司将会倒闭，但是幸存下来的会更强大。 （2）survival /svavl/ 存活

20、；幸存 the struggle/battle/fight for survival 为生存而斗争 / 战斗 / 拼搏 I think life is a struggle for survival. 我认为生活就是一场奋力求生的斗争。 If cancers are found early theres a high chance of survival. 如果癌症在早期发现的话，存活的几率会很高。 43. power / pa(r) / n.电力供应；力量；控制力 power lines 电线（P52） nuclear/wind/solar power 核 / 风 / 太阳能 power c

21、ut/failure 断电/停电 There was no power at school last night. It was so dark. 昨天晚上学校停电了，漆黑一片。 As is known to us, knowledge is power. 众所周知，知识就是力量。 I think its important for China to raise its soft power. 我认为中国增加软实力是很重要的。 The Republican Party came to power in 2016. 美国共和党是在 2016 年上台执政的。 【拓展】 powerful /pafl

22、/ adj.（指人）有权势的；有影响力的； （指物）强有力的 His grandfather once was a rich and powerful man. 他的爷爷曾经是一个有钱有势的人。 China is wealthier and more powerful than ever before. 中国比以往任何时候更加富有和强大。 44. tap / t p/ vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 Someone tapped at the door. 有人轻轻叩门。 He was busy tapping away at his computer. 他埋头敲着电脑键盘。 He tapp

23、ed me on the shoulder. 他轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀。 n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 the hot/cold tap 热水 / 冷水龙头 He never drinks tap water. 他从不喝自来水。 Turn the tap on/off . 打开 / 关上龙头。 Dont leave the tap running. 别把水龙头开着白白流水。 He felt a tap on his shoulder and turned round. 他觉得有人轻轻拍他的肩膀便转过身来。 45.pipe/ pap/ n.管子；管道 hot and cold water pipes 冷

24、、热水管 The pipes are made of plastic . 这些管子是用塑料制作的。 In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。 46.whistle / wsl / vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 whistle for help 吹哨求救。 （P52） The crowd whistled as the player came onto the field. 那队员上场时，人群吹口哨。 The kettle began to whistle. 烧水壶呜呜地响了

25、起来。 vt. 吹口哨 He was whistling a tune as he was walking. 他一边走，一边用口哨吹曲子。 n. 哨子（声） ；呼啸声 He scored the winning goal just before the final whistle. 他就在终场哨声前打进了制胜的一球。 He listened to the whistle of a train. 他听着火车呼啸而过。 47.emergency/ im:dnsi / n. 突发事件；紧急情况 Call an emergency number. 拨打紧急电话（P53） We must keep as

26、 cool as a cucumber in an emergency. 我们要在危急时刻保持镇定自若。 This door should only be used in an emergency .这道门只能在紧急情况下使用。 emergency room/ exit 急诊室/紧急出口 48. calm / k:m / adj.镇静的；沉着的 stay calm 保持镇静（P53） We should stay /keep/ remain calm in the face of danger. 我们在危险面前要保持镇静. vt. 使平静；使镇静 calm sb/sth down 使平静、安静

27、或镇定下来 You will go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 去个安静的地方让你的朋友平静下来。 He took a deep breath to calm himself down他深吸了一口气使自己平静下来。 【辨析】calm, quiet, still 和 silent 1.calm （人）情绪镇静的； （天气，海洋等）平静的 He remained calm in the face of danger and led all the people to a safe place. 面对危险， 他保持 镇静，把所有人带到了安全的地

28、方。 The weather was fine and the lake was calm. 天气很好，湖面很平静。 2.quiet 安静的（强调既没有动作，也没有声音） Keep quiet! Father is sleeping. 保持安静! 爸爸在睡觉。 3.still 静止不动的（强调没有动作） Keep still while I take photos of you.我给你照相时你不要动。 4.silent 沉默的（强调没有声音） Later he kept silent over his brave behavior.后来他对自己的勇敢行为保持沉默。 48.aid / ed /

29、n.援助；帮助；救援物资 first aid 急救 economic /emergency aid 经济 / 紧急援助 with the aid of 在的帮助下 He succeeded with the aid of a new method he discovered. 借助于自己发现的一种新的方法，他获得了成功。 vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助；援助 To aid the poor farmers, the government provided them with a lot of money. 为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱。 49.kit / kt / n.

30、 成套工具；成套设备 There are five pieces of luggage except the medical kit. 一共 5 件行李, 药箱除外。 first aid kit 急救箱（P53） 50. on hand 现有（尤指帮助） We would suggest always having on hand enough water and food for three days. 我们建议在三天内保持有足够的水和食物。 （P53） He has too much work on hand. 他手头的工作太多了 I always like to keep some mo

31、ney on hand. 我总喜欢在手头备好一些钱。 51.crash / kr / vi.& vt. 碰撞；撞击 A tsunami crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday. 昨天海啸袭击了亚洲的海岸线。（P54） A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus. 货车失控撞上了一辆公共汽车的尾部。 The plane crashed near the island. 那架飞机在岛附近坠毁了。 He crashed his car into a wall. 他的汽

32、车撞到了墙上。 n. 撞车；碰撞 a car/plane crash 汽车撞车事故/飞机失事 It is said that there were no survivors of the plane crash. 据说这次飞机失事无一人生还。 55. sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. ( swept, swept) 打扫；清扫 Could you please sweep the floor? 你扫扫地好吗？ Sweep the leaves into the corner where they wont be noticed. 把落叶扫到墙角去,那儿不会被人注意. sweep

33、away 消灭；彻底消除 Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge wave. 渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被巨浪冲走了。 （P54） The boy helped Mother sweep the dirt away. 男孩帮助母亲清除尘土. Lets sweep away the broken glass. 让我们把这些碎玻璃扫走. 56.wave / wev / n.海浪；波浪 Cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong e

34、arthquake. 汽车被强烈地震引起的巨浪冲走了。 Children were playing in the waves . 孩子们在海浪中嬉戏。 vi.& vt. 挥手；招手 The people on the bus waved and we waved back. 公共汽车上的人挥手致意，我们也向他们挥手。 They came to the front door to wave goodbye. 他们来到前门挥手告别。 57. strike / strak / vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打 The undersea quake

35、 struck around 7:00. 海底地震发生在 7 点左右。 （P54） The ship struck a rock. 船触礁了。 The child ran into the road and was struck by a car. 孩子跑到公路上给车撞了。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation. 我一下子明白我们如何能改善局面了。 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 They went on strike for more money. 他们

36、为了得到更多的钱而罢工。 The workers on strike were all fired. 罢工工人都被解雇了。 an air strike 空袭 58.deliver/ dlv(r) / vt. & vi.递送；传达 However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 然而，危险的状况和被毁坏的道路将使运送食物和供应品变得困难。（P54） Do you have your milk delivered? 你的牛奶是让别人送吗？ We

37、promise to deliver within 48 hours. 我们承诺在 48 小时内送到。 vt. 发表 The president will deliver a speech about the economic development. 总统将就经济发展发表讲话。 vt. 接生；生(小孩) Lin Qiaozhi often went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family. 林巧稚经常在深夜去为 贫苦家庭的产妇接生。 be delivered of a baby 分娩；生孩子 She was delivered of

38、 a healthy boy. 她生下一个健康的男孩儿。 59. summary /smri / n. 总结；概括；概要 A summary is a short statement of main point. 摘要是对要点的简短陈述。 （P55） Heres a summary of the days news. 下面是今日新闻简报。 in summary 总的来说 In summary , this was a disappointing performance. 总的来说，这场演出令人失望。 In summary the two universities have some thing

39、s in common. 总之，那两所大学有一些共同之处。 60.effect / fekt / n.影响；结果；效果 have a great/ good/bad/positive / negative effect on 对产生很大的/好的/坏的/积极的/消极的影响 His visit had a great effect on them. 他的来访对他们产生了巨大影响。 What parents say or do will have a great effect on their children. 父母所说或所做的一切都会对孩子产生很大的影响。 side effect（药物等起到的）

40、副作用 Headaches are one of the side effects of the drug.头痛是这种药物的副作用之一。 One side effect of modern life is stress. 现代生活的一种副作用就是压力。 【高考链接】 This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side_ ( effect) such as overweight and hear

41、t disease - the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.（2017 全国卷 I 语法填空） 答案：effects 句意：这个趋势是由医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方法开始的，但已经有 一些意想不到的副作用，像超重和心脏病，这些副作用正是医学界尝试去对抗的。 根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知用名词复数形式 effects。 【拓展】 affect /fekt/ vt. 影响 61.length/ le/ n.长；长度 Is the sum

42、mary the proper length? 摘要的长度合适吗？（P55） This room is twice the length of the kitchen. 这个房间的长度是厨房的两倍。 The river is 300 miles in length . 这条河长 300 英里。 The snake reaches a length of 100 cm. 蛇长达 100 厘米。 She had always kept his family at arms length. 她一直与他的家人保持一定距离。 【拓展】 long / l / adj. 长的；长时间的 This room is twice longer than the kitchen. 这个房间的长度比厨房长两倍。 The river is 300 miles long . 这条河长 300 英里。