新教材人教版（2021新）高中英语2020-2021学年上学期高二寒假作业5.docx

1、一一、单词拼写、单词拼写 1. Some slight (事件) may touch off a major war. 2. If we had known of your (离开), we would have seen you off at the airport. 3. The unexpected rainstorm caused the (倒塌)of the roof. 4. Climate change could have an impact on animal evolution and (生态), scientists believe. 5. She had no idea

2、how ignorant she would find herself in （比较）with her companions. 6. The survey found a wide (差异) in the prices charged for canteen food. 7. New standards should be reduced as (标准)for judging. 8. I prefer to see animal in their natural (栖息地), rather than in zoo 9. As she was ill, she had no (食欲)and on

3、ly picked at the food. 10. They (增加)and pass from generation to generation much like ordinary bacterial genes. 二、单句语法填空二、单句语法填空 11. Recycling is now recognised as an important part of the (conserve) of resources. 12. The country bought a (substaint) number of weapons. 13. China has always stood for

4、the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of (biology) weapons. 14. Scientists ponder the idea of cloning (endanger) species to increase their population. 15. I believe likely that more volunteers will help plant more trees around the park. 16. They are now under a great deal of pressure to

5、tighten their airport (secure). 17. He said he was a doctor, but it (subsequent) emerged that he was an impostor. 作业作业5 5 A delicate world 18. He nodded (greet) to Mary Ann and Michael and shook hands with Burke. 19. Both sides consider desirable to further the understanding between the two peoples.

6、 20. We would resist any armed (intervene) from outside in our countrys affairs. 三、三、翻译翻译 21. 结果是它们形成了对病毒的免疫力，它们的数量再次激增了。 （it 作形式主语） 22.他没再去过，也没写信致歉。(nor) 23.引起观众们兴趣的是这个年轻人怎样学会了五种外语。(it 强调句) 24.纵使如今排放量开始减少，我们依旧面临适应气候改变的挑战。(decrease) 25.阳光明亮刺眼，在地上投射出轮廓清晰的影子。(现在分词作状语) 一、阅读理解一、阅读理解 A Tristan da Cunha,

7、a British territory, is 2,300 miles east of South America and 1,600 miles west of South Africa. To reach it requires a seven-day boat trip from South Africa, and once youre there, you feel so much like youre at the edge of the world. Remote as it is, Tristan da Cunha is not without its conservation

8、threats. Invasive mice, brought by passing ships, kill about two million birds a year. The region has seen illegal fishing vessels. A 2017 report by Pristine Seas used satellite data to track fishing vessels in the area from 2014 to 2016. A majority of the 253 vessels traced by the satellite appeare

9、d to be passing through, but 11 showed activity consistent with fishing. Improper fishing activities can make seabirds, sharks, and other important species caught in nets or on fishing lines by accident. To stop the situation going from bad to worse, Tristan da Cunha will receive more resources for

10、patrolling its waters for illegal fishing activity to protect the marine areas. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are seen by experts as a conservation silver bullet. A study published on Tuesday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further confirmed established scientific evidence tha

11、t MPAs worldwide protect seafood supplies by producing larger catch yields. Fisheries that are left undisturbed in Marine protected areas can produce a “spillover” effect in which an abundance of fish from a protected area “spill over” into fishing hotspots. Expanding the current network of protecte

12、d areas by just 5 percent, the study found, could boost global fish catch by at least 20 percent. “The increasing demand for seafood from the world human population explosion, in addition to the expected negative impacts of climate change on many fisheries, increases the need for managing and protec

13、ting fish sources well.” says Reniel Cabral, an ecologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and one of the studys authors. 1. Which country does Tristan da Cunha belong to? A. South Africa. B. America. C. Britain. D. Pristine. 2. Which of the following is not a threat to Tristan da Cun

14、ha? A. Illegal fishing B. Passing ships C. Alien mice D. Spillover effect 3. What benefit can MPAs bring to us? A. Increasing catch yields. B. Meeting the need for food. C. Improving the expected climate. D. Leaving the island undisturbed. 4. What can we learn from Reniel Cabral? A. Population explo

15、sion does harm to fish sources. B. The demand for seafood delays protecting fish sources. C. Protecting fish sources contributes to environment protection. D. The climate change will be bad for fisheries. B A wildfire is a fire that bums strongly and out of control on an area of grass or bushes. The

16、y often happens in rural areas and without purpose. The fires start from natural causes, like lightning. Humans can start fires with cigarettes or campfires, accidentally. Sometimes, people can set fires on purpose. This is to help an ecosystem and those that live there. These are controlled burns.

17、The fires help encourage healthy ecosystems and prevent larger, more damaging wildfires. Modem fire experts now know how to set controlled burns that are well planned and safe. Why is fire necessary? As dead or decaying plants begin to build up on the ground, they may prevent organisms in the soil f

18、rom getting nutrients. They may keep animals on the land from getting to the soil. This coating of dead matter can also choke the growth of smaller or new plants. Whether through natural causes or not, fire removes that layer of decay. The soil gets nutrients from the burned material faster than if

19、it had slowly decayed over time. This allows healthy parts of the ecosystem to thrive. Some plants actually need fire to continue their life cycles. Seeds from some pine trees grow in pine cones covered in a thick sap(树液).The seeds release from the pine cones when fire melts the sap. Fires allow mor

20、e seeds to get to the soil and grow. In an ecosystem, native animals and plants have adapted to survive wildfires. For example, deaths from wildfires are low. They survive by burrowing into the ground or fleeing to safer areas. Humans are responsible for preventing most uncontrolled wildfires. Nearl

21、y 85 percent of wildfires start because of human activity. We have to prevent these damaging fires. Understanding the benefits of fire is the only way to truly keep our ecosystem safe from its dangers. 5How does controlled burning affect an ecosystem? AIt helps keep wildfires from getting too large.

22、 BIt makes it hard for wild animals to stay alive. CIt causes large areas of grass to bum strongly. DIt can create dangerous wildfires in rural areas. 6What does the underlined word “choke” in Paragraph 3 mean? AHelp. BExperience. CLimit. DFuel. 7Why do pine trees need fire to reproduce? AThe fire h

23、elp the pine trees seeds grow fast. BThe seeds can get out when fires melt the sap. CThe fire keeps birds away from pine trees seeds. DThe fire provides a source of nutrients for the seeds. 8What can be the best title for this text? AThe Causes of Wildfires BAn Healthy Ecosystem CFire Helps Plant Re

24、production DThe Ecological Benefits of Fire 二、读后续写二、读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 续写的词数应为 150 左右。 My husband, BJ, and I knew our cat, Willow, was beautiful, but we didnt realize she had attracted a friend until the day there was an orange cat sitting on our patio(露台)staring in. He just

25、sat there and was satisfied to watch Willow walking in the house and playing with us. Day after day, he was there. Then one day, BJ and I decided that it was time to have a talk with the orange gentleman. He opened the patio door and the cat walked into the house naturally as if he knew we allowed h

26、im to get in. Then he played with Willow in the house. Both of them had a happy time. How could he wait patiently on our patio for such a long time? We were surprised by his courage and patience. Every day, the cat would show up, spend the day with us, and then meow （猫咪咪叫）by the door to be let out a

27、t night. We had a responsibility to help him open the door and let him go-after all, he wasnt our cat. He was nobodys cat as far as we could tell. He had no collar（颈圈）or tag. I didnt remember how long we had waited before we admitted to ourselves that he was our cat. Then we bought him a collar, tag

28、ged him as Buster and added our phone number and address. However, a few days later, we received a call from our neighbor. We werent home so she left a message. “Hi, Darlene. I think you have my daughters cat. Call me when you get this message.” I was very surprised when I heard the message. I didnt

29、 even know that her daughter had a cat. I only saw her walk dogs before. BJ and I were very upset. Paragraph 1: When I called her back, the story of the cat was so funny that I forgot how upset I was. _ _ _ Paragraph 2: The next day, the neighbors young daughter came over to collect her cat _ _ _ 一一

30、、单词拼写、单词拼写 1. incident 2. departure 3. collapse 4. ecology 5. comparison 6. variation 7. criterion 8. habitat 9. appetite 10. multiply 二二、单句语法填空、单句语法填空 11.conservation 12.substantial 13. biological 14. endangered 15. it 16. security 17. subsequently 18.greetings 19.it 20. intervention 三三、翻译、翻译 21. I

31、t turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again. 22. He never went again, nor did he write to apologize. 23. It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages that attracted the audiences interest. 24. So even if emissions were to begin to d

32、ecrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. 25. The sunlight is white and blinding, throwing hard-edged shadows on the ground. 一一、阅读理解、阅读理解 【答案】1-4 CDAD 【解析】 1细节理解题。根据第一段的“Tristan da Cunha, a British territory, is 2,300 miles east of South America and 1,600 miles

33、west of South Africa. 特里斯坦达库尼亚是英国的领土， 位于南 美以东 2300 英里，南非以西 1600 英里。”可知，特里斯坦达库尼亚属于英国。故选 C。 2细节理解题。根据第二段的“Invasive mice, brought by passing ships, kill about two million birds a year. The region has seen illegal fishing vessels. A 2017 report by Pristine Seas used satellite data to track fishing vesse

34、ls in the area from 2014 to 2016. A majority of the 253 vessels traced by the satellite appeared to be passing through, but 11 showed activity consistent with fishing. Improper fishing activities can make seabirds, sharks, and other importantspecies caught in nets or on fishing lines by accident.船只带

35、来的入侵老鼠， 每年杀死约200万只鸟类。 该地区曾出现过非法渔船。“原始海洋”2017 年的一份报告使用卫星数据跟踪了 2014 年至 2016 年该海域的渔船。卫星追踪的 253 艘船只中，大部分似乎是经过这里，但其中 11 艘的 活动与捕鱼有关。 不适当的捕鱼活动会使海鸟、 鲨鱼和其他重要物种意外被渔网或鱼线捕获。 ” 可知，侵入性的老鼠，非法捕鱼和过路船只都威胁了特里斯坦达库尼亚。可知，选项 D“溢 出效应”不会威胁到该地区。故选 D。 3细节理解题。根据第三段的“Fisheries that are left undisturbed in Marine protected areas

36、 can produce a “spillover” effect in which an abundance of fish from a protected area “spill over” into fishing hotspots. Expanding the current network of protected areas by just 5 percent, the study found, could boost global fish catch by at least 20 percent.在海洋保护区不受干扰的渔业活动可 能产生一种“溢出”效应，即来自保护区的大量鱼类

37、“溢出”到捕鱼热点地区。研究发现，只要 将现有的保护区网络扩大 5%，就能使全球鱼类捕鱼量增加至少 20%。”可知，MPAs 给我 们带来的是增加了捕捞产量。故选 A。 4 推理判断题。 根据最后一段的“The increasing demand for seafood from the world human population explosion, in addition to the expected negative impacts of climate change on many fisheries, increases the need for managing and pro

38、tecting fish sources well.” says Reniel Cabral.雷尼尔 卡布拉尔说“由于世界人口激增，对海产品的需求日益增加，加上气候 变化对许多渔业的预期负面影响，增加了管理和保护鱼类资源的必要性。”可知，气候变化 将对渔业不利。故选 D。 【答案】5-8 ACBD 【解析】 5细节理解题。根据第二段中“The fires help encourage healthy ecosystems and prevent larger, more damaging wildfires. Modem fire experts now know how to set con

39、trolled burns that are well planned and safe.”可知，控制燃烧有助于防止野火蔓延过大。故选 A 项。 6词句猜测题。死亡或腐烂的植物可能会阻止土壤中的有机体获得养分并阻止陆地上 的动物进入土壤。由上文中的关键词“preventfrom 和 keepfrom”可以推断“This coating of dead matter can also choke the growth of smaller or new plants.”（ 这层死物质的覆盖物也会 choke 较小植物或新植物的生长。 ）中的 choke 应是“阻止”的意思，选项 C“限制”意义与

40、之最 接近。故选 C 项。 7细节理解题。根据第五段中“The seeds release from the pine cones when fire melts the sap. Fires allow more seeds to get to the soil and grow.”可知，当火焰融化树液时，种子会跑出 来。这样植物就能更好的繁殖。故选 B 项。 8 主旨大意题。 通读全文， 尤其根据第二段中“Sometimes, people can set fires on purpose. This is to help an ecosystem and those that live

41、there.”以及文章最后一句“Understanding the benefits of fire is the only way to truly keep our ecosystem safe from its dangers.”可知， 文章的主 题是“火能帮助并保护生态系统”。所以“火的生态效益”适合作标题。故选 D 项。 二二、读后续写、读后续写 Paragraph 1 When I called her back, the story of the cat was so funny that I forgot how upset I was. Buster had been ado

42、pted as a pet by our neighbors daughter, but the cat had to stay in the girls bedroom because they had dogs. During the day, he was let out to walk around the neighborhood, and this was when he would come to our home to be with Willow, eat her food, play with her toys and please her mommy and daddy.

43、 Then he would leave us, go back home and spend the night with his mommy. Paragraph 2: The next day, the neighbors young daughter came over to collect her cat. I forced a smile as I watched Buster being carried away. He had brought so much joy to our family. But about half an hour later, the young girl called and asked if she could come over. She brought her cat back and bravely stated that she felt Buster would be happier with us because he could have the run of the house without fear of being hurt by dogs. I was so happy, and I told her that she could come by to see Buster anytime.