2021新版人教版选修二英语UNIT 1《SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS》达标测评.docx

1、UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS 单元达标测评 (满分:120 分;时间:100 分钟) 第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分 50分) 第一节(共 15小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 37.5分) 阅诺下列短文,仍每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Smart Kids Festival Events “Smart Kids” is a collection of one hundred events scheduled in October. This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide

2、 (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay for what you want or can afford, after you have attended an event. You can pre-book events without paying for a ticket in advance. Here are some of the directors picks. Walk on the Wild Side Not ticketed, Free Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories

3、 about animals. Along the way youll meet all sorts of beautiful creatures and discover life cycles and the food chain. Its best suited to children aged 59. Children under 8 must be accompanied by an adult. Introduction to Waves Pre-book, PWYD Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and fro

4、m waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean. Mike Goldsmith explores the fundamental features shared by all waves in the natural world. Science in the Field Not ticketed, Free This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various fiel

5、d trips. Come along for inspiring and informative stories straight from the scientists mouth. Join Mark Samuels to find out more in this fun-filled workshop. Festival Dinner Pre-book, 25 per person Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the fir

6、st science festival in London. Which foods should you eat to trick your brain into thinking that you are full? Find out more from Tom Crawford. 1.In which event can you decide the payment? A.Walk on the Wild Side. B.Introduction to Waves. C.Science in the Field. D.Festival Dinner. 2.Who will talk ab

7、out experiences of collecting direct data? A.Sarah Law. B.Mike Goldsmith. C.Mark Samuels. D.Tom Crawford. 3.What do the four events have in common? A.Family-based. B.Science-themed. C.Picked by children. D.Filled with adventures. B Jerome Karle and Isabella Lugoski met in their first physical chemis

8、try class at The University of Michigan in 1940. Jerome Karle was in his first year of doctoral work, and Isabella Lugoski was in her last year as an undergraduate(大学本科生), and they were laboratory partners. However, they didnt get along well at first. Isabella Lugoski looked back on the past, “I wal

9、ked into the physical chemistry laboratory and there was a young man at the desk next to mine with his equipment all set up running his experiment. I didnt think I was very polite about my question. I asked him how he got there early and had everything all set up. He didnt like that. So we didnt tal

10、k to each other for a while.” Their relationship got going as they competed for the top grade in that course and they started to build connection because both of them were interested in chemistry. They married in 1942. By 1946, both of the Karles had earned doctorates in physical chemistry, and, aft

11、er a period of time at The University of Chicago working on the Manhattan Project, they moved to Washington DC to join the United States Naval Research Laboratory. Each specialized in a different aspect of X-ray crystallography(晶体学): Jerome focused on developing equations(方程式) that could determine h

12、ow atoms(原子) were arranged inside complex molecules, while Isabella ran practical experiments to test how well the equations worked. Working together, they created what is now called the direct method for determining molecular structures(分子结 极), which has allowed scientists to effectively study and

13、copy complex organic molecules to continue further study. Jerome Karle was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1985. Although he was disappointed that the Nobel committee had ignored Isabellas contribution to that work, she was unfazed. At that point, she had already won more awards and prize m

14、oney for her experimental work than he had. 4.What did Isabella Lugoski do when she first met Jerome Karle? A.She blamed him for his being late. B.She set up all his equipment for him. C.She asked him a question impolitely. D.She observed his experiment silently. 5.What made Jerome Karle and Isabell

15、a Lugoski become connected? A.Their common interest in chemistry. B.Their wonderful marriage since 1940. C.Their pleasant first talk in a laboratory. D.Their successful cooperation in courses. 6.What is Paragraph 4 mainly intended to show? A.The Karles encouraging further study. B.The Karles good te

16、amwork in science. C.How the Karles worked with others. D.Why the Karles won the Nobel Prize. 7.Which of the following best explains the underlined word “unfazed” in the last paragraph? A.Generous. B.Touched. C.Shocked. D.Calm. C “For all the technological wonders of modern medicine, from gene editi

17、ng to fetal(胎儿的) surgery, health carewith its fax machines and clipboards(写字夹板)is often stubbornly old-fashioned. This outdated era is slowly drawing to a close as the industry catches up with the revolution of artificial intelligence(AI). And it should happen earlier,” argues Eric Topol, a heart do

18、ctor keen on digital medicine. Dr. Topols vision of medicines future is optimistic. He thinks AI will be particularly useful for repetitive tasks where errors arise easily, such as selecting images, examining heart traces for abnormal symptoms or recording doctors words into patient records. In shor

19、t, AI is set to save time, lives and money. Much of this is imaginarybut AI is already defeating people in a variety of narrow jobs for which it has been trained. Eventually it may be able to diagnose and treat a wider range of diseases. Even then, Dr. Topol thinks, humans would watch over the rules

20、, rather than being replaced by them. The authors fear is that AI will be used to deepen the assembly line(流水线) culture of modern medicine. If it awards a “gift of time” to doctors, he argues that this additional benefit should be used to extend the time of consultations, rather than simply speeding

21、 through them more efficiently. The Hippocratic Oath holds that there is an art as well as a science to medicine, and that “warmth, sympathy and understanding may be more important than the surgeons knife or the chemists drug”. That is not just a clich : the patients of sympathetic physicians have b

22、een shown to do better. As Dr. Topol says, it is hard to imagine that a robot could really replace a human doctor. Yet as the demand for health care goes beyond the supply of human carers, the future may involve consultations on smart phones and measurement monitored by chat robots. The consideratel

23、y warmed stethoscope(听诊器), placed gently on a patients back, may become history. 8.According to the author, health care has been generally considered . A.to bring out many technological wonders B.to boost the sales of fax machines and clipboards C.to be out of date and fail to keep up with modern ti

24、mes D.to constantly catch up with new technological progress 9.AI is set to save time, lives and money because it can . A.repeat doctors words and instructions B.correct doctors errors and mistakes C.select doctors according to patients demands D.replace doctors tasks in certain fields 10.The underl

25、ined word “clich ” is closest in meaning to . A.an idea that is so often used that it becomes uninteresting B.an idea that is so interesting that it is often used C.an effective rule that applies to medicine and doctors D.a benefit to both doctors and patients 11.It can be inferred from the passage

26、that . A.AI will completely replace the jobs of doctors B.doctors sympathy and understanding should not be ignored C.the application of AI will discourage the assemblyline culture D.AI will bring warmth, sympathy and understanding to patients D A new officer of the Huntington Park Police patrols (巡逻

27、) local parks 24 hours a day seven days a week. He doesnt need rest, coffee breaks, a salary or medical insurance, and that is because it is a Robocop. The main function of the Robocop is to scan and film the surroundings. Besides cameras with night vision that report 360 degrees, it also has a dist

28、ress button which is located here, so if somebody needs assistance or wants to contact the communication center, he or she can do it by way of that distress button. There are people that are monitoring on the other end. This newest police employee is self-charging. Its easy to program it and make ch

29、anges to the software if necessary. Its maintenance(维护) costs are roughly 75 thousand dollars a year. It travels the entire park. It is a programmed path, but the police are able to change the path and adapt it. The Robocop can record the license plates (车牌) of passing cars and check them against an

30、 online database of stolen cars. It can also help locate a lost iPhone because it is able to determine a smart phones MAC address. The police can see from the robot if something wrong happens and then come and figure it out. The Robocop cant replace its human handlers. The whole goal is to give the

31、police more time to do things machines cant do. The police have been having some concerns about the safety of parks and want an extra set of eyes that will help patrol a 24/7. The Robocops creators believe this model known as K5 is best used for providing security at public places like hospitals, pa

32、rking lots, parks and airports. So far, it seems to be working out just fine. 12.What is the distress button used to do? A.Locate the Robocop. B.Serve as an alarm device. C.Communicate with visitors. D.Monitor the neighbourhood. 13.Which of the following can best describe the Robocop? A.Helpful but

33、dangerous. B.Intelligent but inexpensive. C.Tireless and multifunctional. D.Fashionable and good-looking. 14.Why does the Robocop record the license plates of passing cars? A.To direct traffic. B.To build a database. C.To prevent accidents. D.To find lost cars. 15.What can we infer about the Robocop

34、 in the last paragraph? A.It has limitation in use. B.It has been widely used. C.Its creators need more support. D.Its security is still under test. 第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5分,满分 12.5 分) 阅诺下面短文,仍短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。 Characteristics of an excellent scientist The Free Dictionary defines(定义)a sc

35、ientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. 16 Lets look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist. Curiosity. 17 Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they want

36、ed to know how things worked. If a scientist doesnt have the drive to ask questions or even wonder, then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process. Patience. 18 There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science,

37、 you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If youre an instant- gratification(即时满足的)type of person, this may not be the best choice for you. Ethical(道德的)qualities. In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve peoples life as we

38、ll as the environment, since they are linked and they can affect each other in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial(商业 的)interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted(反驳)by evidence is dishonest. 19 Working habits. An excellent scie

39、ntist even takes notes of the smallest observation, keeping it in mind and recording it. 20 He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new. A.Becoming a scientist t

40、akes a long time. B.An excellent scientist must be very curious about things. C.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. D.However, that belief shouldnt be changed without powerful evidence. E.He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on whats needed. F.To make di

41、scoveries in human knowledge, you have to think differently. G.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分 30 分) 第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分) 阅诺下面短文,仍每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Then came Bryans favorite game time. He sa

42、t back on the couch (长沙发) and began to 21 . As Bryan was playing, his mom walked into the room to see what he was doing. “Dont let the video game turn you into a couch potato,” Mom said. Bryan didnt reply and 22 his eyes on the flashing television screen. He gripped (握紧) his controller and pushed th

43、e buttons hard. Soon, Bryans 23 began to hurt. He was having trouble moving his fingers. Bryan tried to stretch out his hand, 24 it felt like his fingers just wanted to curl back around the controller. Bryan 25 back into the couch. It was so comfortable that he felt like he was sinking deeper into t

44、he cushions (靠垫). He felt a little thirsty, but it would be too much trouble to get up and 26 the game. Then Bryan thought about 27 Mom had said. Was his body really becoming part of the couch? He tried to concentrate 28 his back and legs to feel where his body ended and the couch began, but he 29 f

45、eel much of anything at all. Bryan looked down at his hands. They felt stiff (僵硬的) now, and it seemed like they were stuck around the controller. Bryan felt 30 . Could he really be turning into a video game controller? Would he just disappear into the couch before supper? Suddenly, Bryan 31 the cont

46、roller and made himself stand up. He stretched his arms up toward the ceiling and then reached his hands down to touch his toes. His body tingled (感到刺痛) as he moved. Bryan ran to the kitchen to tell his mom what had happened. “Well, at least we know that video games havent 32 your mind,” Mom said. S

47、he chuckled(轻声地笑), but Bryan still felt very serious. “I think Ill take a break from video games and go outside 33 ,” Bryan said. And thats just what he did. That day Bryan got a 34 . Its wise to make playing video games a way of relaxation and keep a balance between video games and suitable exercis

48、e. Otherwise a man will end up as a couch potato, or even, a 35 of video games. 21.A.eat B.watch C.play D.write 22.A.moved B.left C.kept D.closed 23.A.hand B.head C.eyes D.neck 24.A.or B.so C.but D.until 25.A.turned B.walked C.looked D.settled 26.A.sell B.pause C.start D.run 27.A.where B.which C.how

49、 D.what 28.A.on B.with C.from D.to 29.A.shouldnt B.mustnt C.wouldnt D.couldnt 30.A.worried B.disappointed C.excited D.angry 31.A.fixed B.observed C.designed D.dropped 32.A.ruined B.opened C.relaxed D.read 33.A.though B.too C.instead D.still 34.A.desire B.lesson C.belief D.challenge 35.A.suspect B.sl

50、ave C.master D.loser 第二节(共 10小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分) 阅诺下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单诋戒括号内单诋的正确形式。 The airplane maker Airbus has announced plans 36 (quit) making its famous A380 airplane. The A380 is the worlds largest passenger airplane and 37 (be) in service for 12 years. People said it was the future of flying