2021年春人教版八年级下册英语第3单元知识点.doc

1、Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 一重点词汇 1. Rubbish n. 垃圾；废弃物 该词为不可数名词。同义词有：waste, trash, garbage,litter 2. Take ou the rubbish Take out v. 带出去，取出；除掉，拔出 该词组的宾语如果是代词（it/them）时，代词要放在 take 和 out 之间。 3. Fold v. 折叠；对折 unfold v. 展开；呈现 4. Mess n. 杂乱；不整洁 常见搭配 be in a mess 乱七八糟，处境困难；凌乱 Messy adj. 凌乱的；使

2、不整洁的 5. Throw v. 扔；掷 threw (过去式) 常见搭配 throw away 扔掉，丢弃 throw out 扔掉；伸出；说出 throw into 扔进；使.（突然）陷入 6. Neither adv. 也不；pron. 两者都不 用法 (1) ”neither/nor + 情态动词/助动词/be 动词+ 主语”是一个倒装 结构，表示前句的否定情况也适应于后面的人或物。该结构中的 助动词，情态动词，be 动词形式必须与前面句子的谓语动词时 态，以及后面句子的主语的人称和数保持一致。 例如：Mary cant play the guitar, neither can her

3、 sister. I dont like this book, neither does Tom. (2) Neither (of) + n. 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：Neither of the two boys likes playing football. Neither answer is right. (3) Neither.nor. 既不.也不. 当链接两个并列主语时， 谓语动词通常要与 nor 后面的名词或代 词在人称和数上保持一致，即该结构要用就近原则。 例如：Neither you nor he is going to the party. 你不去参加聚会，他也不去

4、。 拓展”so +助动词/情态动词/be 动词”也是倒装结构， 表示前面所 述的肯定内容也适用于后面的主语。意为“.也是” 。 例如；He passed the exam, and so did I. 他通过了考试，我也是。 7. Pass v. 递；给；走过；通过 Pass sb sth = pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人 Pass the exam 通过考试 8. Borrow v. 借用；借 常见搭配 borrow sth from sb 从某人那里借来某物 9. Lend v. 借给；借出 过去式：(lent) 10. 常见搭配 lend sth to sb = lend

5、 sb sth 把某物借给某人 borrow 脱下 3. You have to clean your room. Have to 表示客观需要做的事，意思是“必须” ， “不得不” 。后跟 动词原形，有人称，时态和数的变化。 肯定式：have to do sth 否定式：dont have to do sth 4. Get a ride 搭便车，搭顺风车 ride 在这里是名词 n. 行程，旅行；乘便车 5. Could I at least finish watching this show? (1) Finish doing sth 做完某事 (2) at least 至少 6. I t

6、hink two hours of TV is enough for you. Two hours of TV 在此句中作主语，谓语动词用了单数。在英语中 以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语时， 如果数量概念看作是一个一个 整体整体，谓语动词谓语动词要用单数单数，若被看作一个个个体个体，谓语动词谓语动词要用 复数复数。 例如：Six months is a short time for me. Three days of holiday is a good time to relax yourself. Two boys are playing under the tree. 6. Because

7、 Mom will be back from shopping any minute now. any minute now 是一种常见的口语表达，意为“随时；马上； 在任何时候” 。Minute 还可替换为 moment, time, second 等。 例如：We are expecting you any minute/second/moment now. 我们期望你随时到来。 7. Tony, could you please help out with a few things? (1) Help out (with something) 表示在某人困难或繁忙时给予帮 助。 (2)

8、Help sb out 帮某人解决困难，帮某人摆脱困境。 (3) With the help of sb = with ones help 在某人的帮助下 reply v. 作答；作出回应反应；回复 reply n. 答复；回答；反应 例如：Im looking forward to your reply.（名词） 我正期待你的回复。 Please reply this letter by Friday.（动词） 请在周五前回这封信。 8. Im just as tired as you are. (1) as + adj./adv. as + n./pron./从句 和.一样. 。在否定句中

9、， 第一个 as 可以换成 so. 例如：He doesnt study as/so hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。 (2)as.as 这个结构若涉及数量或程度时， 可用 as much +不可数名 词+as 和 as many +可数名词复数+as 。 例如：You made as much money as I made. He got as many gifts as me. 9. The next day, my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. find 的用法： Sb

10、 find it +adj. to do sth. 某人发现做某是.的 Sb find sth + adj. 某人发现某物.的 Find sb do sth 发现某人做了/经常做某事 Find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 10. “What happened?”she asked in surprise. In surprise 惊奇地，惊讶地 Surprise n. 惊奇，惊喜 “In+名词”变副词，类似的词组还有： in excitement 兴奋地 in fear 惊恐地 surprise 的其他短语 to ones surprise 令某人感到惊奇的是 be surp

11、rised at 对.感到惊奇；使.感到惊奇 be surprised to do sth 对做.感到吃惊 11. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet. try not to do sth 尽力不做某事 try to do sth 尽力做某事 try doing sth 尝试/试图做某事 12. Housework is a waste of their time. a waste of time 浪费时间 13. They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get g

12、ood grades and get into a good university. (1) spend time on sth 花时间在某事上 (2) spend time doing sth 花时间做某事 (3) in order to do sth= so as to do sth 为了做某事 (4) in order that +句子 为了. 14. .so there is no need for them to do it now. There is no need for sb to do sth 某人没有必要做某事 There is no need for us to worr

13、y about clean water. 我们没必要担心干净的水。 15. It is parents job to provide a clean.for their children. It is ones job/duty to do sth 做某事是某人的职责/工作 16. I do not mind doing them. Do not mind doing sth 不介意做某事 17. It is not enough to just get good grades at school. It is not enough to do sth 做.是不够的 18. .they sho

14、uld know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. (1) do ones part in doing sth. 在.尽责/做好本分职责 (2) keep sth + adj. 使.保持.状态 (3) keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事 19. .he had no idea how to take care of himself. (1) have no idea= dont know 不知道 (2) take care of oneself = look after onese

15、lf 照顾好自己 20. the idea of fairness 公平的概念/理念 21. as a result 结果 22. The earlier the kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their children. The+比较级，the+ 比较级。表示“越.越.” 例如：The harder you work, the better grades you will get. 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。 三语法聚焦 1. Could you please.? 意为“请你（做）.好吗？” 。相当于 “will/

16、would you please.?” Could you please.?， 要求常用来向别人有礼貌的提出， 要求对方 做某事或委婉地提出看法。could 不是 can 的 过去式，是委婉， 礼貌的说法。回答用 can。 对于这个问题的肯定回答有： Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem./Yes, I can. 否定回答： Sorry, I cant./Sorry, I have to ./Sorry, but I . Could/Can/Would/Will you please.?的否定形式是在动词原形后 面加 not. Could you ple

17、ase not open the door? 请你不要打开门好吗？ 2. Could I .?表示向别人征求许可/同意做某事。 肯定回答：Yes, you can./Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem. 否定回答：No, you cant. 3. could 用法小结 (1) can 的过去式，表示能力，能够 I could ran fast when I was a middle school student. (2) 礼貌的请求，表示“可以.吗？” Could I sit next to you? (3) 提出建议，表示“可以做.” You could tell your parents about it now. (4) 用来推测可能性，表示“可能.” He couldnt be at home then.