山东省2020-2021学年上学期（外研版）高一英语期末试卷精选汇编：阅读理解专题.doc

1、阅读理解专题 山东省潍坊市 2020-2021 学年上学期期末考试高一英语试题 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Endangered Species Books for Kids Will We Miss Them ? Endangered Species Written from the unique view of a 13-year-old author, this book interests children in the lives and challenges of endangered species, helping o

2、ther young people learn about these animals as the first step toward saving them. Author: Alexandra Wright Publication Date: September, 1991 Almost Gone: The Worlds Rarest Animals Have you ever seen a wombat or an Eastern barred bandicoot? Probably not. These animals are almost gone from the earth,

3、and theyre not alone. Simple, informative text and cul-paper paintings introduce basic endangered species knowledge to young children. Author: Steve Jenkins Publication Date: January ,2006 A Poetic Journey into the Wild Take a journey across land and sea to meet 21 endangered and threatened animals.

4、 Lovely paintings and poems introduce amazing animals from around the globe and show the dangers they face. The book also lists activities and organizations that provide more detailed information about endangered species protection. Author: Rachel Allen Dillon Publication Date: February,2009 Eyewitn

5、ess Endangered Animals This DK Eyewitness book is an exploration of endangered animals around the vnrkl, including factors that are driving them toward extinction and ways that we can help them survive. Blocks of text and diverse photographs keep readers turning the pages. Author: Ben Hoare Publicat

6、ion Date:August,2010 1. Which book is written by a teenage author? A. A Poetic Journey into the Wild. B. Eyewitness: Endangered Animals. C. Will We Miss Them ? Endangered Species. D. Almost Gone: The Worlds Rarest Animals. 2. What can we find in A Poetic Journey into the Wild? A. Activities of hunti

7、ng wildlife. B. Poems about amazing animals. C. Paintings about some extinct animals. D. Surroundings of the endangered wildlife. 3. What is the purpose of the text? A. To list some endangered animals. B. To encourage protection of animals. C. To introduce endangered species books. D. To call on rea

8、ders to fight illegal hunting. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本与濒危物种有关的书籍，介绍了书的作者、出版日期和大概内容等 信息。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Will We Miss Them ? Endangered Species 部分中“Written from the unique view of a 13-year-old author, this book interests children in the lives and challenges of endangered species,

9、helping other young people learn about these animals as the first step toward saving them.(这本书以一个 13 岁的作者的独特视 角写成，让孩子们对濒危物种的生活和挑战感兴趣，帮助其他年轻人了解这些动物，作为拯救它们的第一 步)”可知，Will We Miss Them ? Endangered Species 是由青少年作者写成的。故选 C。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 A Poetic Journey into the Wild 部分中“Lovely paintings and poems in

10、troduce amazing animals from around the globe and show the dangers they face.(可爱的绘画和诗歌介绍了来自世界各地的神奇动物，并 展示了它们面临的危险)”可知，A Poetic Journey into the Wild 一书中可以找到关于神奇动物的诗。故选 B。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章标题“Endangered Species Books for Kids(儿童濒危物种书籍)”结合文章主要介绍了四 本与濒危物种有关的书籍，介绍了书的作者、出版日期和大概内容等信息。可推知，这篇文章的目的是介 绍濒危物种的

11、书籍。故选 C。 B My Ph. D. adviser called me into his office, saying I neednt bring my notebook. After 15 minutes of listing my positive things, he looked me in the eye and said,“You are fired from the lab.” I had moved to Israel from my native India the year before, excited to experience a new culture an

12、d study for a Ph. D. At first things went well in my new lab. Then, 3 months before I was fired, I ran into some problems. I made a few mistakes in the lab that slowed my research, but I wasnt aware that my adviser noticed them, and he never spoke to me about any concerns. Im still not sure why he f

13、ired me, but I guess it was because of those mistakes. He wasnt confident that I could complete my research in time as wed planned. The first few days after I was fired were especially difficult. I spent hours staring at my computer screen, unable to get anything done. One day all I could do was sit

14、 on a beach, crying. I tried to change his mind with promising results, but he stuck to his decision. I could not break the news to my family in India, as the fear of disappointing them overwhelmed （压垮） me. I soon got into a state of sadness and anxiety. Meanwhile, the date for me to leave the count

15、ry was drawing near, as my visa required me to be registered as a student. I was lonely and without hope. Around that time, I watched Dasvidaniya, a Bollywood movie thats about a man who has 3 months to live. One line from the movie stuck out to me :“When life gives you lemons, make lemonade（柠檬水）” .

16、What kind of lemonade could I make out of my present situation? My desire to complete a Ph. D. was never in doubt. After much reflection, I told myself that one failed attempt was not the end of the world, and that I needed to give it another try. With renewed confidence, I emailed expected advisers

17、 and applied to other programs. Within 2 months, I landed an offer from a Ph. D. program in Italy. I accepted it and relocated to Europe, happy that my goal of completing a Ph. D. was alive once again. Im thankful that I didnt give up on my dream and that I found another professor willing to take me

18、 on. 4. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The personality of the adviser. B. The authors problems in study. C. The possible reason for the authors being fired. D. The authors difficulty in adapting to a new culture. 5. What did the author do after being fired? A. He applied for a new visa. B. He

19、got addicted to computer games. C. He tried to change the advisers mind. D. He shared the news with his family in India. 6. What kind of lemonade” did the author make out of the difficult situation? A. Persuading the adviser to let him stay. B. Being responsible for different programs. C. Holding th

20、e belief to get a doctors degree. D. Getting accepted by another Ph. D. program. 7. What lesson can we learn from the story? A. Direction is more important than effort, B. Turn to movies for comfort when in trouble. C. A doctors degree is important for the future. D. Difficulties in life can be turn

21、ed into something positive. 【答案】4. C 5. C 6. D 7. D 【解析】 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在以色列攻读博士学位期间遭遇困境。一部电影中的台词给了他启示： 当生活给你又酸又苦的柠檬时，那你就将它变成又甜又可口的柠檬汁。 【4 题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第二段中提到“3 months before I was fired, I ran into some problems. I made a few mistakes in the lab that slowed my research.Im still not sure why he fir

22、ed me, but I guess it was because of those mistakes. He wasnt confident that I could complete my research in time as wed planned.（在解雇前三个月，我在实验室犯 了一些错误，延缓了我的研究进度.我仍然不确定他为什么解雇我，但我猜是因为那些错误。他没有信心 我能如期完成我的研究。 ）” 由此可知，该段是讲述作者被解雇的可能的原因。故选 C。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“I tried to change his mind with promising re

23、sults, but he stuck to his decision.（我试 图以预期的结果来改变他的主意，但他坚持他的决定。 ）”可知，被解雇后，作者试图改变导师的主意，但是 无济于事。故选 C。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。文章第四段中提到“With renewed confidence, I emailed expected advisers and applied to other programs. Within 2 months, I landed an offer from a Ph. D. program in Italy. I accepted it and relocat

24、ed to Europe, happy that my goal of completing a Ph. D. was alive once again. （满怀重新燃起的信心，我发了一封电子邮件 给预期的顾问，并申请了其他项目。不到两个月，我就拿到了意大利一个博士项目的录取通知书。我接受 了，到了欧洲，很高兴我完成博士学位的目标再次实现了。 ）”由此可知， 作者在被解雇的困境下，他的“柠 檬水”是申请另一个博士项目，并且被接受了。故选 D。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。文章讲述了作者在以色列攻读博士学位期间，被导师解雇。在困境中，作者观看的一部电影 中的台词给了他启示“When life g

25、ives you lemons, make lemonade.(若生活给了你酸柠檬时，那就把它变成甜 的柠檬汁吧) ”。文章中还提到“After much reflection, I told myself that one failed attempt was not the end of the world, and that I needed to give it another try.” 作者认为一次失败的尝试并不意味着世界末日， 于是再次尝试。 由此可以推断， 作者的经历告诉人们在生活中遇到困境时，应该换个角度，不断尝试，就可以转化为积极 的东西。故选 D。 C As the pa

26、ndemic separates us from loved ones many of us are trying to stay connected through texting, email, and social media, even taking the opportunity to reconnect with long-lost friends. But if our goal is to feel closer to people and enjoy our conversations more, wed better pick up the phone, according

27、 to a new study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology. In the study, participants (参与者)imagined having a conversation with a friend they hadnt been in touch with for at least two years and made predictions (预测) about how it would feel to connect by phone versus(对比)email. We think its g

28、oing to be awkward to talk to somebody, but that just turns out not to be the case, says lead author Amit Kumar. Instead. people form stronger connection when theyre talking on the phone than when communicating over email. ” The same result held true when the researchers had participants do a conver

29、sation exercise with strangers using either video chatting, audio(声音的),only chatting, or text-chatting. People who used media that included the voice had more satisfying exchanges and felt closer to their new friends than the text-chatters. Why? Likely its because our voices communicate a variety of

30、 emotions, helping others to read us better and to feel like they really know us. Hearing someones voice helps understand each other better in some cases, even better than video chatting. So, while texting can be useful, its not the best way to get the most out of socializing. If were looking for gr

31、eater happiness and connection, we should give someone a call. 8. What do the underlined words “the case” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Stronger connection is possible. B. Predictions agree with the results. C. Talking on the phone is awkward. D. Communication over e-mail is effective. 9. Why do parti

32、cipants communicating with voice feel closer? A. They can talk more quickly. B. Voices show more emotions. C. Voices are easier to understand. D. They are more familiar with voice. 10. How do researchers get the study result? A. By quoting experts words. B. By telling stories. C. By making compariso

33、ns. D. By introducing theories. 11. What is considered the best way to connect with someone? A. Text chatting. B. Sending emails. C. Making calls. D. Writing letters. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. C 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了从社交中获得最大好处的最佳方式是打电话。 【8 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“We think its going to be awkward to talk to

34、 somebody, but that just turns out not to be the case, says lead author Amit Kumar. Instead. people form stronger connection when theyre talking on the phone than when communicating over email ”（“我们认为和别人交谈会很尴尬，但事实并非如此，”首席作 者阿米特 库马尔(Amit Kumar)说。“相反比起通过电子邮件交流，人们通过电话交流会形成更强的联 系。”）”可知，事实上人们通过电话交流不会尴尬，t

35、he case 指代的是“和别人电话交谈会尴尬”这件事。故 选 C 项。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。 根据文章第五段“Likely its because our voices communicate a variety of emotions, helping others to read us better and to feel like they really know us. （这可能是因为我们的声音可以传达各种情绪， 帮助别人更好 地读懂我们，让他们觉得自己真的了解我们。 ）”可知，用声音交流的参与者感觉更亲近的原因在于声音可以 传达情绪。故选 B 项。 【10 题详解】 推理判

36、断题。根据文章第三段“In the study, participants （参与者）imagined having a conversation with a friend they hadnt been in touch with for at least two years and made predictions （预测） about how it would feel to connect by phone versus（对比）email.( 在这项研究中，参与者想象与一个至少两年没有联系的朋友交谈， 并预测通过电话与电子邮件联系的感觉。)”和第四段“The same result

37、held true when the researchers had participants do a conversation exercise with strangers using either video chatting, audio only chatting, or text chatting.（当研究人员让参与者用视频聊天、纯音频聊天或文字聊天与陌生人进行对话练习时，同样的结果 也成立。 ）”可判断，研究人员通过比较得出结论的。故选 C 项。 【11 题详解】 细节理解题。 根据文章最后一段“If were looking for greater happiness and

38、 connection, we should give someone a call.（如果我们在寻找更大的快乐和联系，我们应该给某人打电话。 ）”可知，联系别人最好的方法是打电话 给他。故选 C 项。 D Salad seeds （生菜种子） that went on a round trip to outer space and back grew at a slightly slower rate than the ones on earth, scientists have found, thanks to thousands of young people who helped co

39、nduct an out-of-this-world experiment. The project started in 2015, when British astronaut （宇航员） Tim Peake took a million rocket seeds with him on his journey to the International Space Station （ISS）. The seeds spent six months there before they were sent back to Earth in 2016. In a message sent fro

40、m the ISS, Peake said the science experiment was to find out if the conditions in space affected the seeds ability to grow. Around 600,000 pupils at 8,600 schools in the UK were then asked to grow the rocket seeds that had been to space, along with regular seeds that had never left the planet. Peake

41、 described the experiment as one of the largest and most inspirational experiments of its kind. The results of the study, which have just been published, found that the space seeds grew more slowly than the ones that had stayed on Earth. Researchers on the experiment said this was due to the stresse

42、s of space travel, such as the zero-gravity （零重力） atmosphere and high levels of cosmic rays （宇宙射线） ,which slowed the growth of the plants. Now researchers are hopeful that if the seeds are properly protected, it might be possible to grow plants during future space tasks to other planets. Dr Jake Cha

43、ndler, from University of London, who led the study, said,“ The possibility of eating home-grown salad on Mars may be one small step closer. 12. Why did Tim Peake take seeds to ISS? A. To explore the secret to gravity. B. To have astronauts grow salad in ISS. C. To promote young kids，interest in sal

44、ad. D. To test the spaces influence on seeds growth. 13. How did Tim Peake feel about the experiment? A. Encouraged. B. Disappointed. C. Confused. D. Concerned. 14. From which part of a website is the text probably taken? A. Health. B. Science. C. Educatn. D. Business. 15. What could be the best tit

45、le of the text? A. Space study, a hot topic B. Salad growing, a hit among students C. Your salad, grown on Mars, may soon be a reality D. Mans exploration to Mars a big step forward 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】 这是一篇新闻报道。短文主要介绍种子生菜种子可以在太空中生长。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Peake said the science experiment

46、 was to find out if the conditions in space affected the seeds ability to grow.”（Peake 说：“科学实验是为了弄清楚是否太空的条件会影响种子的生长能力”）可知， Peake 把种子带到太空是为了测试太空对种子生长的影响，故选 D 项。 【13 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Peake described the experiment as one of the largest and most inspirational experiments of its kind.” （Peake 形容这次实验是同类实

47、验中最大， 并且最鼓舞人心的实验之一。 ） 可知， Peake 对这次实验是备受鼓舞的。故选 A 项。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。短文主要介绍种子生菜种子可以在太空中生长。以及根据“outer space”（外太空）及“science experiment”（科学实验）和“cosmic rays”（宇宙射线）等有关科学的词汇可知，这篇文章会出现在网站的科 学部分，故选 B 项。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Salad seeds that went on a round trip to outer space and back grew at a slightly slowe

48、r rate than the ones on earth” （生菜种子在外太空环游一圈后返回， 它在外太空的生长速度比在地球上的生长速 度稍稍慢了一些。 ）及最后一段“it might be possible to grow plants during future space tasks to other planets.Dr Jake Chandler, from University of London, who led the study, said,“ The possibility of eating home-grown salad on Mars may be one sma

49、ll step closer.”（将来或许有可能在其他星球上完成种植植物的任务。伦敦大学的杰克 钱 德勒博士是这项研究的负责人，他说:“在火星上吃自己种的生菜可能性又近了一小步。”）可知，文章主要 讲述种子在外太空的生长，及种子将来有希望在其他星球上被种植。所以短文的最佳标题为“生菜种子可能 在火星上生长可能会成为现实”。故选 C 项。 山东省聊城市 2020-2021 学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 25 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题多给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Return libraries,parks and n

50、ightlife over a three or six-week period during June and July. Course Description Each 3-week session （学段） carries 20 UK credits. Students are welcome to attend one or two sessions Student Should choose several courses within the session that they would like to attend, as courses will run according