2021版外研版选修三英语Unit 4 教学 知识细解码 （教材讲解）（含答案）.doc

1、1artificial adj.人造的，人工的artificially adv.人工地，人为地；不自然地， 做作地 2assist v协助；援助assistance n协助；援助assistant n助手，助 理 3potential adj.潜在的，有可能的 n.潜力，潜势，可能性potentially adv. 潜在地 4legal adj.合法的illegal adj.非法的，违法的 5moral adj.道德上的，有道德的 n.教育意义，寓意；道德，品行，道德规 范immoral adj.不道德的，道德败坏的 capacity n能力，才能；容量，容积；身份，职位 Their reas

2、oning capacity must be developed.能力 She worked here in the capacity of nurse.身份，职位 The capacity of the freezer is 1.1 cubic feet.容量，容积 Words And Phrases 知识要点1 assistant n助手，助理 (教材 P38)Thanks to AI，Ive got my own supersmart personal assistant built into my phone. 多亏了人工智能，我的手机里安装了我自己的超级智能个人助理。 例 1 An

3、assistant sat typing away at a table beside him. 助手坐在他身旁的一张桌子上埋头打字。 例 2 The shop assistants didnt really want to discuss the matter，saying it was just my hard luck. 店员根本不想谈论此事，说这完全是我运气太差。 造句 他当过这位总统的助理。 He worked as an assistant to the president. 知识拓展 (1)an assistant to 的助理 (2)assist vt. 帮助；协助；援助 as

4、sist sb.to do sth.assist sb.in doing sth. assist sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事 (3)assistance n. 援助；帮助 即学即练 单句语法填空/一句多译 He asked us to assist him to carry(carry)through his plan. They sent an assistant(assist)to help me here. We will provide assistance(assist)if your car breaks down. Do you often assist your

5、mother with the housework? Do you often assist your mother to do the housework? Do you often assist your mother in doing the housework? 你经常帮助妈妈做家务吗？ 小片段填空 Our assistant manager is on duty 24 hours a day in the lobby.Please dial “6100”for assistance 知识要点2 potentially adv.潜在地 (教材 P39)Nearly every job

6、is potentially at risk in the long run. 从长远来看，几乎所有的工作都存在潜在的风险。 例 1 The disease is potentially fatal. 这种疾病可能会致命。 例 2 All polling methods are potentially open to abuse. 所有的民意调查方法都有可能被滥用。 造句 这无疑是一种潜在的危险局势。 Clearly this is a potentially dangerous situation. 知识拓展 potential adj. 潜在的，有可能的 n. 潜力，潜势，可能性 a po

7、tential disaster 潜在的灾祸 (a)potential for (doing)sth. 的潜力 with great potential 有巨大的潜力 have the potential to do. 有做某事的潜力或可能性 即学即练 单句语法填空 There is also potential for exploiting(exploit) untouched arable land resources. China is abundant in resources of rivers，grassland and mountains，with great potential

8、 of development. The new biological science does have the potential to do(do)great harm，as well as good. 知识要点3 (教材 P39)I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data，which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human expert

9、s.我相信人工智能的大部分 价值在于它分析和解释大量的数据的能力， 这意味着它甚至可以解决人类专家难 以解决的问题。 (1)capacity n能力，才能；职位；容量 例 1 In my capacity as president，I would like to thank Jack for his hard work. 作为总统，我要感谢杰克的辛勤工作。 例 2 The mountain walk is well within the capacity of most fit people. 对大多数健康的人来说，走这条山路不成问题。 造句 儿童生来就有理解语言的能力。 Children h

10、ave a born capacity to understand the language. 知识拓展 at full capacity 以全(部)力(量)，满功率，满负载 in ones capacity asin the capacity of 作为；以资格、身份或职位 beyond ones capacity 超出某人的能力范围 capacity for 的能力 capacity to do sth. 做某事的能力 即学即练 单句语法填空 In his capacity as captain，hes got the right to tell us what to do. This m

11、aths problem is beyond the capacity of most school children. She seems to have lost the capacity to enjoy(enjoy)herself. (2)analyse v分析 例 1 We analysed the results of our experiment. 我们分析了试验的结果。 例 2 The precise reasons for the disaster are difficult to analyse. 这场灾难的确切原因很难分析。 造句 必须对结果进行详尽分析。 The res

12、ults must be analysed in detail. 知识拓展 (1)analyse.into 把分解成 analyse.in detail 详尽分析 (2)analysis n. 分析；分析报告 即学即练 单句语法填空 Analyse this complex sentence into many clauses. Blood samples from almost 6，000 fiveyearolds were analysed(analyse)in the study. We made a careful analysis(analyse)of his character.

13、小片段填空 The article has introduced some analysis of this information system， including feasible analysis，and business procedure is analysed，too. 知识要点4 illegal adj.非法的，违法的 (教材 P39)One thing I think we all agree on，though，is that saying“My AI did it！”wont be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour!

14、不过，有一件事我想大家都同意，那就是说“这是我的人工智能做的！ ”不 会成为任何违法或不道德行为的借口！ 例 1 In this sentence，the writer uses an illegal construction. 在本句中，作者使用了一个不合语法的结构。 例 2 It s illegal for people under 17 to drive a car in Britain. 在英国，不满 17 岁的人驾驶车辆是违法的。 造句 把车停在这里是违法的。 It is illegal to park your car here. 知识拓展 (1)illegal drugs 非法药

15、品 an illegal act 非法行为 Its illegal (for sb.)to do sth. (某人)做某事是违法的 (2)legal adj. 合法的 Its legal (for sb.)to do sth. (某人)做某事是合法的 (3)illegally adv. 非法地，不合法地 legally adv. 合法地；法律上 即学即练 单句语法填空 Is it legal for boys of that age to drink(drink)alcohol? All the illegally(legal)constructed buildings must be pul

16、led down. The school is legally(legal)responsible for your childs safety. 小片段填空 There is no need for illegal border crossings if you are not doing something illegally! Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 either.or.不是就是 (教材 P38)In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking，artificial intelligence will be“either the

17、best，or the worst thing，ever to happen to humanity” 用斯蒂芬 霍金教授的话来说，人工智能“要么是人类历史上最好的事物， 要么就是最糟糕的事物”。 句式分析：句中 either.or.连接两个表语，表示“不是就是；或 者或者”。 例 1 Im going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University，as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments. 我想去蒙特利尔大学或渥太华大学，因为这两所大学的物理系都很棒。 例 2 It

18、had also given me a choice，either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope. 它也给了我一个选择，或者留着那页空白或者带着希望继续写故事。 造句 不是我父母就是我哥正待在家里。 Either my parents or my brother is (staying)at home now. 知识拓展 (1)either.or.表示“不是就是；或者或者” ，相对应的反 义短语为 neither.nor.“既不也不”，两者都常用来连接两个平行结 构。 (2)连接两个并列主语时，谓

19、语动词要和临近的主语保持一致，即遵循“就 近一致”原则。 (3)neither.nor.连接两个句子且置于句首时， (因 neither 和 nor 都是否定意义 的词)前后两句都要用倒装语序。 (4)遵循“就近原则”的并列连词还有： not only.but also. 不但而且 not.but. 不是而是 .or. 或者 即学即练 单句语法填空 This phenomenon is neither good nor bad. Has(have)either he or his classmates known the secret? Not you but I am(be)mistaken

20、. I have not been to either Paris or Rome. 重点句式2 used to do sth.过去常常做某事 (教材 P38)It used to feel like 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants. 我过去常常感觉好像自己有 50%的时间都花在了寻找新餐馆上。 句式分析：句中 used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”(指过去的习惯或状 态)，现在已经不再做了。 例 1 I used to cook，but I dont have time to cook n

21、ow. 我以前经常做饭，但是现在没时间做了。 例 2 Tom used to be a couch potato，but he works out everyday now. 汤姆过去是个电视迷，但现在每天都健身。 造句 在星期天，他过去常常早起去钓鱼。 On Sundays he used to get up early and go fishing. 知识拓展 (1)used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事” 否定形式：didnt use to 或 used not (usednt)to 疑问形式：Did.use to.？或 Used. to.? 反意疑问形式：肯定句，usedn

22、t/didnt主语？ (2)be/get used to (doing)sth.表示“习惯于(做)某事”，现在依旧在做 be used to do sth.表示“被用于做某事”，是被动语态 即学即练 完成句子 It can be used to do the same thing. 它可以用来做相同的事情。 Let your body get/be used to the temperature change! 让你的身体适应温度的变换！ I used to get the mail early in the morning. 我过去常常在清晨去取邮件。 You used to go ther

23、e，usednt/didnt you? 你过去常到那里去，是吗？ 重点句式3 条件状语从句的省略 (教材 P39)If not，it might wipe us all out! 如果不这样的话，它可能会把我们都消灭！ 句式分析：句中 if not 是 if were not lucky 的省略形式，表示否定意义。 例 1 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it if not，turn it off! 只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！ 例 2 I think t

24、heres a bullet train at midday.If not，you will have to wait till 2 oclock in the afternoon. 我想正午会有一辆动车。要是没有，你只好等到下午 2 点了。 造句 如果还没有，这就是你要做的第一步。 If not，this should be your first step. 知识拓展 (1)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从 句主语为 it，且谓语动词为 be 动词时，则可以省去其主语和 be 动词。 (2)if 构成的省略形式： if not 如果不这样的话，不然，表示否定意义

25、 if so 如果这样的话，表示肯定意义 if any 如果有的话 if ever 如果有过或发生过的话 if necessary/possible 如果有必要/可能 即学即练 单句语法填空/句型转换 Are you ready? If so，lets set off at once. She wants to go with us，if possible. Wash it in water and pick out the small particles，if there are any. Wash it in water and pick out the small particles，i

26、f any Ill go if you are going.If you arent going，Id rather stay at home. Ill go if you are going.If not，Id rather stay at home. 1 Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant. 分析：句中 she gives me 为省略关系代词 that 的定语从句，修饰先行词 recommendation，since

27、she can predict if I will like a particular restaurant 为 since 引导的原因状语从句，其中 if 引导宾语从句。 译文：她给我的每一个推荐都很好，因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一家餐 厅。 2 Millenniumbutterfly， you say how great it would be to have selfdriving cars， but what about all the taxi drivers who would lose their jobs? 分析： 句中 but 连接表示转折关系的并列句， 第一个分句中 ho

28、w great it would be to have self- driving cars 为 how 引导的宾语从句，第二个分句中 who will lose their jobs 为关系代词 who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 drivers。 译文：千禧蝶，你说拥有自动驾驶汽车有多好，但是所有将失去工作的出租 车司机怎么办？ 教材 高考 1.In the words of Professor Stephen Hawking，artificial intelligence will be“either the best，or the worst thing，ever to happen

29、to humanity” (2019 天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways. 2.Thanks to AI，Ive got my own supersmart personal assistant built into my phone. (2020 浙江 1 月卷)Why not get an assistant too ？ Our business is growing fast. 3.They would just be am

30、ong the first victims of AI. (2019 北京卷)Taking advantage of the new technologies，scammers can aim at victims precisely. 4.I believe most of the value of AI lies in its capacity to analyse and interpret vast amounts of data， which means it can even solve problems that are too challenging for human exp

31、erts. (2019北 京 卷 )To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain. 5.One thing I think we all agree on，though，is that saying“My AI did it！”wont be any excuse for illegal or immoral behaviour！ (2019 天津卷)By getting illegal practices under control. .单句语法填空 1I used to get(get)up at 6 oclock when I wa

32、s at school. 2I have two assistants(assistant)who help me with the experiment. 3You might say that weve been victims(victim)of circumstance. 4At least Marion has a greater potential to reduce(reduce)the injury. 5The professor in his lecture went beyond the capacity of his audience. 6All real educati

33、on is，in the final analysis(analyse)，selfeducation. 7It would be illegal for them to buy(buy)back the shares. 8Are(be)either you or I going there tomorrow? 9We should do it with all our heart.If not，we will leave it unfinished. 10Immoral(moral)behaviour threatens our way of life. .短语填空 at full capac

34、ity，analyse.into，used to，so far，in contrast 1With modern video techniques every game is analysed into bits now. 2I see less of any of my friends than I used to 3So far，they have invaded as far as 200 metres from the edge of the forest. 4 To make the computer work at full capacity， the programmer has

35、 to think like the machine. 5He looks healthier in contrast to his former self. .课文语法填空 Millenniumbutterfly has used her own supersmart personal assistant 1.to get(get)immediate answers for all her questions.It only 2.needs(need)a few seconds to find the right restaurants for her and every 3.recomme

36、ndation(recommend)is great.And she hopes that self- driving cars are available soon.As they wont be susceptible 4.to human error，theyll certainly be a lot safer.She thinks that developments in AI will on 5.the whole make doing daytoday things a lot 6.easier(easy).Popkid thinks AI could be very usefu

37、l and help us solve many of the worlds problems，but it could also cause some 7.risks(risk).Nearly every job is 8.potentially(potential)at risk in the long run because of the challenges of AI.Pink_haze thinks that AI can even solve problems that are too 9.challenging(challenge)for human experts，but 10.if it goes wrong or falls into the wrong hands，it could also be the most dangerous.