2021版外研版选修三英语Unit 6 突破 语法大冲关 （教材讲解）（含答案）.doc

1、非限定动词作定语、状语和宾语补足语 一、非限定动词作定语 观察例句 1The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 2He has no pen to write with. 3He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school. 4The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 5Do you know the man standing

2、under the tree? 6He is very old and walks with a walking stick. 7We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 8The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 归纳用法 1不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。 2不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物 动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地

3、点、工具等，不定式后 需要加相应的介词。 3不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或 no，all，any 等限定的中心词，且 与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。 4 被修饰词是抽象名词时， 常用不定式作定语。 常见的该类名词有： ability， chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way 等。 5主动的- ing 形式作定语，常表示被修饰词的用途或正在进行的动作；其 被动形式“being过去分词”表示正在进行的被动动作。 6及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动并已完成的动作；不及物动词的 过去分词作定语通常只表示已完成的动作。 即学即练

4、1 单句语法填空 Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail waiting(wait)for her. His first book to be published(publish)next month is based on a true story. He got up early the next morning and found a lot of fallen(fall)leaves on the ground. She is now looking for a

5、 room to live(live)in. 二、非限定动词作状语 观察例句 1To pass the college entrance examination，we must work hard. 2The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers. 3Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky. 4More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for p

6、eople to travel from one place to another. 5One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible. 6 Translated into English， the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 7We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 8Not understa

7、nding this problem，he asked the teacher about it. 9Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged. 10Given another hour，I can also work out this problem. 11Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice. 归纳用法 1不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如 果强调目的性，不定式前也可加 in order 或 so as，但 so as to 不能用于句

8、首。 2不定式作结果状语，其前常有 only，表示令人意外的结果；- ing 形式作 结果状语常表示自然而然的结果，其前可有 thus。 3作时间状语，ing 形式相当于 when，while，before，since，as 引导的时 间状语从句。 4作方式或伴随状语，ing 形式表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的) 动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 5作原因状语，不定式常用于“主语(人)系动词形容词(过去分词)to do”结构中；- ing 形式表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系；过去分词表示的 动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且常含有完成的意义。 6作条件状语，过去分词短语

9、相当于 if，unless 等引导的条件状语从句。 7作让步状语，过去分词短语相当于 though，although，even if 等引导的让 步状语从句。 即学即练 2 单句语法填空 I stopped the car to take(take)a short break as I was feeling tired. George returned after the war，only to be told(tell)that his wife had left him. The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing(bathe)the mountai

10、n in golden light. Seen(see)from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful. 三、非限定动词作宾语补足语 观察例句 1The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 2He depends on you to help him with his English. 3They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. 4He tried to get his work recognized in

11、the medical circles. 5I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 6He saw the suspect entering the building. 7Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 归纳用法 1有些动词及动词短语后接不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语sb.to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有： advise 建议 ask 询问；要求 cause

12、 导致 expect 期望 force 强迫 invite 邀请 persuade 说服 require 需要 remind 提醒 want 想要 wish 想要 depend on 依靠 allow 允许 beg 乞求 encourage 鼓励 forbid 禁止 intend 意欲 order 订购 prefer 喜爱 teach 教 tell 告诉 warn 警告 wait for 等待 call on 号召；要求 2.- ing 形式作宾语补足语时，表主动并且正在进行的动作。 3过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动并且已完成的动作。 4非谓语动词作感官动词和使役动词的宾补 名师点津 (1)使

13、役动词 have， make， let 后用不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语， 表示“使， 让”的含义。 The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school. The teacher got some students to stay in the classroom after school. 放学后老师让一些学生待在教室里。 (2)have sb.doing sth.用于否定句中，常与 cant，wont 等连用，表示“不能 容忍某人做某事”。 I won t have you speaking

14、 to your dad like that. 我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。 (3)have/get/make宾语done 让被/遭遇某事(强调被动性动作) Ill have/get/make my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。 He had his wallet stolen on his way home. 在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。 即学即练 3 单句语法填空 I heard an English song being sung(sing)by a little girl when I passed by her room yes

15、terday. Claire had her luggage checked(check)an hour before her plane left. She was seen to enter(enter)the managers office ten minutes ago. Let those in need understand(understand)that we will go all out to help them. .单句语法填空 1If you hand in your homework late，attach a note explaining(explain)the r

16、eason for the delay. 2Shirley Chisholm is known as the first black woman elected to the United States Congress and the first black woman to run(run)for president of the United States. 3 To save(save)energy， we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March. 4Mr Woods anger disappea

17、red then.He said， “Id better go and get changed(change).”Minutes later， he returned， properly dressed， only to find that the party was nearly over. 5 While she was in Kenya， she would hear strange noises made(make)by Mlaika after sunset. 6He hurried to the train station，only to find(find)the train h

18、ad left. 7A major accident in southern Sweden happened today.Its reported that this afternoon a ship crashed into a bridge.Unluckily，seven cars and six trucks are said to have fallen(fall)into the water. 8When he left，he said to me， “Im sorry to have troubled(trouble)you so much.” 9The airport to be

19、 completed(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area. 10At the party，the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself noticed(notice). .完成句子 1With a lot of work to do，he didnt go to the cinema. 他有很多工作要做，所以没去看电影。 2I visited him only to find him out 我去拜访他，结果他出去了。 3They were

20、 very sad to hear the news 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。 4Playing all day，you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。 5All the tickets having been sold out，they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。 .短文语法填空 Research has become both simpler and more complex.Its simpler because，if you have a computer

21、，you can find information you need by 1.searching(search)the Internet.For all your information， you dont have to go to the library 2.to find(find)the relevant resource and 3.take(take)notes on it.Instead，you can find some sources from the Internet and print the copies 4.needed(need).Remember， howeve

22、r， that you should usually consult different types of sources.That is，you shouldnt always rely just on the Internet for your research. While 5.finding(find)information is easier than ever，at the same time， 6.researching(research)has become more complex.There is a lot more material available，which means you may be 7.overwhelmed(overwhelm)with the amount of information.You need to learn how 8.to sort(sort)through and 9.find(find)the relevant information for your particular project.Also，you need 10.to check(check).