1、1 Unit 5What are the shirts made of ? 重点重点 1.What are the shirts made of?这些写衬衫是用什么制成的? be made of 用。 。 。 (材料)制成的(能看出原材料) be made from 用。 。 。 (材料)制成的(看不出原材料) be made in 在。 。 。 (地点)制造 be made into 被制成。 。 。 be made up of 由。 。 。组成 be made by 由某人制作、用什么方式制成 难点难点 These chairs are made of wood. 这些椅子是由木头制成的。
2、 Bread is made from wheat.面包是由小麦制成的。 My mother likes to buy things which are made in China. 我妈妈喜欢买中国制造的东西。 The piece of wood will be made into a small bench. 这块木头将会被制成一个小板凳。 易错点易错点 被动语态的熟练运用 高频考点高频考点 被动语态(一般现在时) 2 material n. 材料;原料 Germany 德国 chopsticks n. 筷子 surface n. 表面;表层 coin n.硬币 postman n. 邮递
3、员 fork n.餐叉,叉子 cap n(.尤指有帽舌的)帽子 blouse n.(女士)短上衣;衬衫 glove n(分手指的)手套 sliver n. 银,银器; adj.银色的 international n adj. 国际的 glass n.玻璃 competitor n.参赛者;竞争者 cotton n.棉;棉花 paint v. 用颜料画;刷漆 steel n. 钢;钢铁 its adj. 它的 grass n. 草;草地 form n. 形式;类型 leaf n. 叶;叶子 clay n. 黏土;陶土 produce v. 生产;制造;出产 balloon n. 气球 widel
4、y adv. 广泛地;普遍地 scissors n. (pl.) 剪刀 process v. 加工;处理 lively adj. 生气勃勃的; (色彩)鲜艳的 France 法国 fairy 童话故事 no matter 不论;无论 heat n. 热;高温 local adj. 当地的;本地的 polish v.磨光;修改;润色 even though 虽然;即使 complete v. 完成 brand n. 品牌;牌子 Korea 朝鲜;韩国 avoid v. 避免;回避 Switzerland 瑞士 product n.产品;制品 San Francisco 圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山,美国
5、城市) handbag n. 小手提包 Pam 帕姆(女名) mobile adj.可移动的;非固定的 3 第一部分:词汇精讲第一部分:词汇精讲 1. everyday; every day (1)everyday 作形容词,意为“每天的,日常的,平日的”。仅用在名词之前做定语,不能单独使用。 例如: everyday life 日常生活 everyday English 日常英语 everyday activities 日常活动 everyday clothes 平日里穿的服装 (2)every day 是副词短语,意为“每天” ,相当于 each day, 通常用作句子的时间状语从句。例如
6、: We should eat vegetables and fruits every day. 我们应该每天都吃蔬菜和水果。 My parents ask me to go to bed before 11:00 every day. 我的父母要求我每天 11:00 之前睡觉。 2. fair (1)fair 作形容词,意为“公平的,合理的” 。 There must be fair play whatever the competition is. 不管是什么样的竞赛都必须公平合理。 (2)fair 作形容词,意为“自然的,理所当然的” 。 Its fair enough to ask y
7、our close friends to help. 向你的好朋友求助,这是很自然的/理所当然的。 (3)fair 作形容词,还意为“相当大(多、远)的” 。 Theyve made a fair amount of money. 他们赚了相当大的一笔钱。 (4)fair 作形容词,也意为“ (肤色)浅的, (头发)金色的” 。 Her daughter has big eyes and fair hair. 她的女儿长着大大的眼睛,金色的头发。 【拓展】 fair 作名词,意为“(定期)集市、庙会;商品展览会、博览会”。 He brought his piglets to the fair.
8、 他把小猪带到集市去卖。 A book fair is to be held next month. 4 下个月将举行书展。 3. avoid (1) 从意思上看, 可表示 “避开” 或 “躲避” (keep oneself from)某人或某物; 也可表示 “防止” (prevent) 某事的发生。例如 : Try to avoid accidents. 尽量防止发生事故。 I avoided him as much as possible. 我尽量避开他。 You should avoid such mistakes. 你应当避免这样的错误。 (2)从用法上看,其后可接名词或代词作宾语,也
9、可接动名词作宾语,但是不能接不定式作宾语。 例如: 他避而不答我的问题。 正:He avoided answering my questions. 误:He avoided to answer my questions. 要想不受影响是不可能的。 正:It was impossible to avoid being affected. 误:It was impossible to avoid to be affected 4. be famous for (1)be famous for 表示人以某种知识技能,作品或特征而出名;表示某地以某种特产或特征出名;或 表示某事以其内容、特征、价值等而
10、被人所知。例如: He is famous for his skill in playing football. 他因球艺而出名。 The area is famous for its green tea. 这个地区以产绿茶而著称。 【拓展】 be famous as 表示“以而出名”的意思,或确切地说是“作为而出名”的意思,主要是表 示人以某种身份或职业而出名,或表示某地方作为什么产地或地方而出名,或表示某事物以某种形式 而出名。例如: Mark Twin was famous as a children-story writer. 马克吐温作为儿童故事作家而著称。 5 This book
11、is famous as a reference book. 这本书作为参考书而出名。 5. produce; product; production (1)produce 作动词,表示“生产,制造,出产”的意思;例如: Tea is produced in many different areas in China. 中国很多地方都出产茶叶。 produce 作名词,主要指农产品,是一个不可数的集合名词。例如: the agricultural produce 农产品 the native produce 土特产品 We need some fresh produce. 我们需要一些新鲜的农
12、产品。 (2)product 主要指工业产品,也可指农产品,是可数名词。例如: farm product 农产品 Petrol is the most important product of many Middle-East countries. 石油是许多中东国家最重要的产品。 【注意】有时用于引申义。例如: He saw man as the product of society. 他把人看作是社会的产物。 (3) production 通常不表示具体的产品, 它主要指生产这一动作或过程, 制作, 摄制 (电影、 戏剧等) , 是不可数名词;例如: The company is famo
13、us for the production of small cars. 这家公司以生产小型汽车闻名。 【注意】production 除表示“生产”外,还可指艺术作品,此时为可数名词。例如: The theme of his late productions was life and death. 他晚期作品的主题是生与死。 production 还可以表示产量,是不可数名词。 the production of wheat 小麦生产产量 The production has increased. 产量已增加。 6. be good for be good for 意为 “对有好处, 对有益处
14、” , 介词 for 后接名词或代词。 其反义词为 be bad for, 意为“对有害处” 。例如: Junk food is not good for our health. 垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。 6 Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。 【拓展】 (1) be good to“对好” ,其反义短语为 be bad to“对不好” 。介词 to 之后一般接表示人的 名词或代词。例如: She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。 The boss is bad to his workers.那个老板对他的工人不好。 (2) be goo
15、d at “在方面擅长” , 介词 at 后面常接名词、 代词或动词-ing 形式, 同义短语为 do well in。例如: She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese. 她擅长英语和汉语。 (3)be good with“和相处得好;擅于和相处” 。例如: Are you good with children? 你和孩子们相处得好吗? 7. turn into . (1) turn into表示“把变成 ; 使变成” 。例如: Can you turn this piece of pa
16、per into a flower? 你能够把这张纸变成一朵花吗? Please tell me how to turn the water into ice. 请告诉我怎么把水变成冰。 【拓展】 turn into 表示“转变;变成;成为” 。例如: We think hell turn into a top-class player. 我们认为他会成为一流的选手。 I think I have got to stop or I might turn into a machine. 我想我得停下来了,否则我就会变成一台机器。 8. special (1)special 作形容词,意为“特殊的
17、,特别的,专门的(反义词:ordinary)” ,强调事物特有的性质、 性格或专门的目的、用途。 You must have special permission to enter this room 你必须得到特许才能进这个房间。 (2)especial 作形容词,意为“特别的,主要的,突出的(反义词:common)”,强调的是重要性,有 “尤其、特别”之意。 7 He solved the problem of especial importance 他解决了非常重要的问题。 9. both and (1)both.and.意为“和都”; “不仅而且” ,连接两个并列的词或短语,不 能用来
18、连接句子。作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,不受“就近原则”的限制。例如: Both Li Ming and Wei Hua are good at English. 【拓展】 both.and.相对应的连词结构式 neithernor表示“既不也不” 。作主语时,谓语动词受 “就近原则”的限制。例如: Neither you nor I am a student. 你和我都不是学生。 10. discover 发现发现 【拓展】同义词 invent (1)invent 意为“发明”,指通过劳动,运用聪明才智“发明/创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。 Who invented the telepho
19、ne? (2)discover 意为“发现”,表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误,即指发现原来 客观存在但不为人知的事物,也可表示发现已为人知的事物的新的性质或用途。 Columbus discovered America in 1492. 【词汇精练】【词汇精练】 I. 根据汉语提示补全句子。根据汉语提示补全句子。 1.Is it made of _(棉花),silk or wool? 2.They built a wall to_(避免) soil being washed away . 3.Im pleased with your _ (产品). 4. The In
20、ternet has become part of _(每天的) life? 5.That is a great _(国际的)question of the day. 6.As soon as I _(完成)my training, I am going to be teacher. 7.Both Beijing and Shanghai have _(交通) problems. 8.Mary told us a very _(生动的)story about her vacation. II. 词语辨析词语辨析, 选择恰当单词填空。选择恰当单词填空。 be famous for, be fam
21、ous as 8 1. China the Great Wall. 2. Lu Xun a writer. produce, product, production 3. The of computers has increased double in the last few weeks. 4. The farmers brought their to town early each Saturday morning. 5. The company sells plastic . 6. This new theatre is becoming known for its good . eve
22、ryday, every day, 7. I get to the bus stop at seven . 8. The activities in our school are colorful. be made of, be made from 9. This chair bamboo. 10. Wine grapes. III. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。 1. Wheat is planted (wide) in north of China. 2. The opera (produce) in 1970. 3. He sent his daughte
23、r to a school in (German). 4. The panda likes eating bamboo (leaf). 5. Orange trees (plant) on these hills. IV. 从方框中选择恰当短语并用其适当形式填空。从方框中选择恰当短语并用其适当形式填空。 rise into , send out, turn into, be famous for, such as, be good for, by hand, even though 1. I know many classmates, _ Betty, Tom and Peter. 2. Be
24、ijing _ the Great Wall. 3. You can _ a message for help on the Internet. 4. Suddenly a womens shrill voice _the sky. 5. When spring comes, the snowman will _ water. 6. _its very cold, Mary keeps doing sports every day. 7. Fruits and vegetables _ our health. 8. These beautiful flowers are made _ from
25、 a very special kind of paper. 9 第二部分:重点句型第二部分:重点句型 1. What are the shirts made of? (1)be made of /from 意为“由制成”。前者成品可以看出原材料,后者是成品看不出原材料的。 例如: The chair is made of wood. 椅子是由木头制成的。 (能看出原材料) Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木头制成的。 (看不出原材料) (2)be made up of 相当于 consist of(由组成)。例如: Our country is made up of
26、56 nations. 我们的国家是由 56 个民族组成的。 (3)be made in 意为“在(地点)制造” be made by 意为“由某人制作”或“用什么方式制成” 。例如: My mother likes to buy things which are made in China. 我妈妈喜欢买中国产的东西。 This postcard was made by my sister. 这张卡片是我妹妹做的. 2. It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea. (1)seem 为连系动词,意为“好像,似乎
27、” ,后面可跟动词不定式或形容词作表语。例如: He seems quite happy. 他好像非常高兴。 His temperature seems to be all right. 他的体温似乎完全正常。 (2)It seems/seemed that句型中,it 为形式主语,that 引导的从句是真正的主语,表示“看来,好 像,似乎” 。例如: It seems that they dont like the idea. 他们似乎不喜欢这个主意。 It seemed that she was lying. 看来她在撒谎。 3. Laura is trying to find out m
28、ore about find out “(经研究或询问)了解到,找出” ,后面常和有特殊疑问词(what/when/how/who 等)引导 10 的从句连用。例如: Can you find out what time the plane leaves? 你能查清楚飞机几点钟起飞吗? 【拓展】 find, look for 与 find out (1)find 意为“找到” ,强调的是找的结果,通常指偶然发现。例如: Have you found the bike you lost last week? 你找到上周丢的自行车了吗? (2)look for 意为“寻找” ,强调的是找的动作或过
29、程。例如: Are you still looking for that place? 你还在寻找那个地方吗? (3)find out 指经过观察、调查,把某事、某物查出来、搞清楚、弄明白。例如: Can you find out what time the meeting starts? 你能查清楚会议什么时候开始吗? 4. That sounds interesting. sound 在本句中做连系动词,后面接名词、形容词或从句构成系表结构,表示“听起来” 。例如: That sounds boring. 那听起来很无聊。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法
30、听起来很好。 【拓展】 类似的其他常用连系动词:taste 尝起来;touch 摸起来;smell 闻起来;look 看起来; feel 感觉起 来。例如: This cake tastes delicious. 这个蛋糕尝起来很好吃。 This kind of cloth feels soft. 这种布料感觉很柔软。 5. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries. (1)no matter 作“无论”、“不管”解,用以引导表示让步的状语从句,常用在下列句型中
31、: 句型中的 No matter what (who/when etc.).分别表示“无论何事”、“无论何人”、“无论何时”等,这个从句可以置 主句之前,也可以置主句之后。例如: 11 No matter what you do, you must be very careful. 不管做什么事,你都必须非常细心。 No matter who you are (=Whoever you are), Ill never let you in. 无论你是谁,我绝不让你进去。 No matter which 无论哪一个 No matter which you choose (= Whichever
32、you choose), you will be satisfied. 不论你选择哪一个,你都会满意的。 No matter where 无论何处;不管在哪里 No matter where I go (= Wherever I go), I will be thinking of you. 无论我到哪里,我都会想着你。 No matter when 无论何时,不管什么时候 Ill discuss it with you no matter when you like (=whenever you like). 你什么时候高兴,我愿意同你讨论这件事。 No matter how 不管如何;无论
33、多么 No matter how hard you try (=However hard you try), you will never be successful. 不管你如何努力,你都不会成功的。 6. There is a lot of research on how languages are learnt.有很多关于如何学习语言的研究。有很多关于如何学习语言的研究。 【辨析】a lot,a lot of,lots of 的用法区别 a lot 是口语中的一个常用词组,多用于肯定句,有时也用于疑问句。其主要用法有如下几点: 作名词短语,表示“很多,大量”,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,其
34、后常有动词不定式短语作 后置定语。 Hes given her a lot to eat. 作副词短语,在句中作程度状语,表示“很,非常”,修饰动词、感叹词、介词短语、形容词 或副词的比较级。 Thanks a lot. He is feeling a lot better. a lot 前可被 such,quite,rather 修饰。 I like him quite a lot. 【拓展】 a lot of=lots of,可修饰可数或不可数名词, 意为“许多, 大量”, 相当于 many 或 much。 a lot,a lot of,lots of 通常用于肯定句,否定句一般用 man
35、y 或 much。 There is a lot of work to do and a lot of people have been sent there. 【辨析】on 和 about 表示“关于”的辨析 1) on 常用于较正式场合,着重指内容的严肃性、学术性及深度。一般指学术专著。 A report on the international situation.关于国际形势的报告。 2) About 多用于口语中,表示的内容较为普通,用于提及有关的生活杂事、小事及人和物。 12 The teacher will tell her a story about Edison. Did y
36、ou read about it in the newspaper yesterday? 【句式精练】【句式精练】 I. 连词成句。连词成句。 1. our , building , teaching , schools , in 2010, was , built _. 2. when , trees , often , by , people , planted _? 3. slippers , used , are , seeing , battery-operated , for , in the dark _. 4. what , in , that , spoken, countr
37、y, languages, are _. 5. both, Tom , his mother , like , films , like , watching , and _? II. 句型转换,按要求完成下列句子。句型转换,按要求完成下列句子。 1.The telephone was invented in 1876.(对划线部分提问) _ _the telephone _? 2. The room was cleaned by Tom.(对划线部分提问) _ _ the room cleaned ? 3. I think the trees were watered yesterday.(
38、改为否定句) I think the trees watered yesterday. 4. These knives can be used for cutting.(同义句转换) These knives can _ _ _ _. 5.The girl with long hair helped us.(改为被动语态) We _ _ _ the girl with long hair. 1. Tea ,after water ,is the most popular drink in the world.(改为同义句) Tea is _ _ _ popular drink in the w
39、orld. 2. Mirrors are used for looking at yourself.(对划线部分提问) _ _ mirrors used _? 3. You should hand in your homework tomorrow. (改为被动语态) 13 Your homework should _ _ _ tomorrow. III. 根据汉语提示,完成句子。根据汉语提示,完成句子。 1茶是怎么样被生产的? How _ tea _? 2飞机模型是由什么制造的? What _ the model plane _ _? 3我父亲擅长做玩具汽车。 My father is go
40、od _ _ _ cars 4据中国历史记载,孔明灯是由诸葛孔明首次使用的。 _ _ Chinese history,sky lanterns _ first _ by Zhuge Kongming 5当灯笼被点燃时,它们像小的热气球一样慢慢地升入空中。 When the lanterns _ _,they slowly _ _ the air _ small hot-air balloons 6我的家乡以茶叶而闻名。 My hometown is _ _ tea. 7在过去常常独自外出。 He _ go out alone 8. 当绿色的树叶变黄时,你可以拍一些美丽的照片。 You can
41、take some beautiful photos when the green leaves _ yellow 9这里所有的东西都是手染的。 All the things here are painted _ _ 10. 世界各地还有许多东西是在中国制造的。 There are so many things in all parts of the world _ China IV. 仔细阅读对话,选择方框内的句子填空,使对话意思连贯正确。仔细阅读对话,选择方框内的句子填空,使对话意思连贯正确。 A:Look at that strange thing,Wei Hua! Whats that
42、? B:Its a key_1_ A:Auto-bike? Whats it then? _2_ B:Its a battery-operated machine and it was invented by my father! A:_3_ B:Its used for riding or flying 14 A:Flying? _4_ B:You can just ride it like a bike and it will fly as it goes faster enough A:_5_ I think your father is SO great! B:I think soHe
43、 has invented many things AWhat is it used for? BThat sounds interesting CIts not useful DHow can it fly? EWho invented it? FIts used for opening and locking our auto-bike 1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_ 第三部分:语法点拨第三部分:语法点拨 一般现在时的被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被 动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被只有及物动词才能用于被动
44、语态动语态。 如果是不用物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词如果是不用物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词 许多人都踢足球。 Many people play football.Football is played by many people. 一、被动语态的构成 由“助动词 be 及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词 be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与 be 作为连系动词时完全一样。如果需要强调动作或行为的执行者时,在其后接“by.”,意为“被。” 二、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1.将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语 2.谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”,并通过 be 的变化来表达出不同的时态
45、 3.主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。 (有时 by 短 语可省略) 为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义,可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。 主动语态: 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分 15 被动语态: 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分 如: Many people speak English. 被动语态 English is spoken by many people. 三、被动语态中 by 短语的省略 被动语态中的“by+宾语”表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者。但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执 行
46、者的 by 短语常常被省略。 1.动作执行者不确定时 Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year. 2.不必表明动作执行者时 These trees were planted last year. 3.动作执行者为一般大众时 Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area. 4.下面这些动词短语本身已经是被动形式,不需要再加 by 短语 be interested in 对。感兴趣 be made of/from 由。制成 be covered with 用。覆盖 be surp
47、rised at 对。感到惊奇 四、被动语态的基本用法 1.需要强调动作的承受者时 Water is needed very much by the crops here. 2.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时 Sandy was invited to a party after school. 3.当说话人需要强调客观时 It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be fine. 五、被动语态应注意的问题 主动语态与被动语态不是可以随便换用的,在一般情况下,主动句比被动句更经常地使用。但有些 情况主动句不能变为被动句。 1.反身代词、相互代词以及同源宾语不能变为被动语态 You should help and learn from each other. 2.动词或动词短语,如 have,wish,cost,agree with,arrive at/in,succeed in,take part in,belong to 等,不能变 为被动语态 The car belongs to me. They had a class meeting yesterday
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