（2021新教材）牛津译林版必修第一册英语第一单元 词汇讲解 ppt课件.pptx

1、2020版 译林牛津高中新教材 Unit One Word list 1. Potential a potential leader 可能成为领导者的人 exploit/fulfil/realize ones potential 发掘发挥/认识自己的潜力 2. Senior He is ten years senior to me. 他比我大十岁. senior and junior officers. 高级军官和下级军官 (often 常作 Senior, abbr 缩写 Sen) (placed immediately after sbs name 置於 姓名之後) being the p

2、arent of sb with the same name （父或母与子女同名情 况下的）父或母: John Brown Senior 老约翰.布朗. student in the year before graduation from a high school or college （中学或 大学的）毕业班的学生: attrib 作定语 her senior year at college 她在大学毕 业班那一年. 1、大学一年级学生：freshman 2、大学二年级学生：sophomore 3、大学 三年级学生：junior4、大学四年级学生：senior 1. path A lane

3、 is a narrow country road. *lane是乡间小径. A path or footpath is a way marked out for people to walk along, between houses in a town or across fields, beside rivers, etc in the country. *path或footpath是市镇中住宅之间或郊野中穿 越田地 沿河等有标志的人行道. A track is a rough path in the country, often not officially marked, but m

4、ade by the constant passing of people, animals or vehicles. *track指郊野土路, 常无正式标志, 仅为人 动物或车辆走得多而形 成者. Lane and track can also refer to the separate parts of a road (lane) or railway (track) separating cars or trains passing in opposite directions or overtaking *lane和track还可指分开来自对面车辆或供超车用的部分路面, 公路 用lan

5、e, 铁路用track: a six-lane motorway 有六条行车线的高速公路 * a double- track railway line 双轨铁路线. Runners in an athletics stadium run in individual lanes. 在田径运动场上赛跑的人有各自的lane. *The whole area they run on is called the track. 进行赛跑的整个地段称为track. challenge 1 / tlnd; tlnd/ n (to sb) (to do sth) accept a challenge 发出接受挑

6、战. (to sth)difficult, demanding or stimulating task 艰巨的 高难度的或有激励性 的任务:Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the government. 缩小贫富之间的差距是政府面临的主要 Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t sb (to sth要求某人做某事（尤指参加竞赛或证明某事正当）: She challenged the newspaper to prove its story. 她要求这家报纸证实报道的真 实性. Tn

7、怀疑（某事）的真实性正确性或有效性; 提出异议: challenge sbs right to do sth 怀疑某人是否有权力做某 This new discovery challenges traditional beliefs. 这项新的发现对传统观念提出 了异议. Tn test the ability of (sb); stimulate 考验（某人）的能力; 激励; 鞭策: The job doesnt really challenge him. 这项工作不能真正考验 他. challenger n person who challenges, esp in sport 提出竞争要

8、求的人 （尤指体育运动中）; 挑战者. challenging adj offering problems that test sbs ability; stimulating （为考验某人的能力）提出难题的; 激励的; 挑战的: a challenging job, test, assignment, etc 激励人的工作 考验 任 务等. positive / pztv; pztv/ adj 明确的指示 命令 规定等 * We have no positive proof of her guilt. 我们没有她犯罪的确切证据. (about sth/that.) （指人）有把握的, 确信的

9、: Are you absolutely positive that it was after midnight? 你是否有绝对把握认为那事是在午夜以後发生的? (a) 有助益的; 建设性的提出有益的建议 意见等 * Try to be more positive in dealing with the problem. 对解决该问题再积极一些. (b) 自信的; 乐观的: a positive attitude, feeling, etc 乐观的态度 情绪等 * positive thinking, ie a determined mental attitude that helps one

10、 achieve success 必胜的思想. (of the results of a test or an experiment) indicating that a substance is present （指试验或实验的结 果）表明存在某物质的, 阳性的: The tests proved positive. 试验结果呈阳性 (mathematics 数) (of a quantity) greater than zero （指数量）正的: a positive number 正数 * the positive sign (+) 正号. containing or producing

11、 the type of electrical charge produced by rubbing glass with silk 正电的; 正极 的: a positive charge 正电荷 * the positive terminal of a battery, ie the one through which electric current leaves the battery 电池的正极端子. 反义词 negative lie 2 / la; la/ v (pt lay / le; le/, pp lain / len; len/, pres p lying) 躺，在 lie

12、 1 / la; la/ v (pt, pp lied, pres p lying) 撒谎 lay 1 / le; le/ v (pt, pp laid / led; led/) 放放 rise 2 / raz; raz/ v (pt rose / ruz; roz/, pp risen / rzn;rzn/) rise to the occasion, challenge, task, etc prove oneself able to deal with an unexpected situation, problem, etc 有随机应变 克服困难 完成任 务等的能力. raise vt

13、.饲养;举起;建造(房子);使增加;增强;提高;栽培;繁殖 Rise I, Ipr, Ip, In/pr上升 The river has risen (by) several metres. 河水上涨了好几米 I (fml 文) （躺 坐或跪後）起立, 起身; 起床: accustomed to rising early 习惯於早起 He rose (in order) to welcome me. 他起身欢迎我 Rise n (a) 上升; 升起; 进展; 振兴: the rise and fall of the British Empire 大英帝国的兴衰. (b) increase in

14、 amount, number or intensity （金额 数量或强度的）增加: a rise in the price of meat, the value of the dollar, the average temperature 肉类价格的 上涨 美元的升值 平均温度的增高. 斜坡; 小山; 岗; 丘: At the top of the rise they paused for a rest. 他们在小山 的顶部停下来休息. * a (Brit) (US raise) increase (in wages) （工资的）增加: demand a rise (in wages) f

15、rom next October 要求从下个十月份起增加工资. (idm 习语) give rise to sth (fml 文) cause sth 引起 导致某事物: Her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumours. 她失踪一事引起了各种流 言蜚语. acquire / kwa(r); kwar/ v Tn (a) gain (sth) by ones own ability, efforts or behaviour （靠自己的能 力 努力或行为而）获得, 得到（某事物）: acquire a good knowledge of En

16、glish, an antique painting, a taste for brandy, a reputation for dishonesty 学好英语 得到一幅古画 学会喝白兰地酒 得到不诚实 的名声. acquisition / kwzn; kwzn/ n U action of acquiring 获得; 得到: the acquisition of antiques, knowledge, a fortune 获得古董 知识 财富. Effort 努力 He must put more effort into his work. 他必须更加努力工作. effortless ad

17、j needing no or little effort 不需努力的; 不费力的: She plays with seemingly effortless skill. 她演奏得似乎毫不费力. effortlessly adv. effortlessness n U. Effect n 影响 effect / fekt; fkt/ n C, U (on sb/sth) 效应; 结果; 後果: The film had quite an effect on them. Affect v. 影响 Their opinion will not affect my decision. 他们的意见不会

18、影响我的决定. Advance advance 1 / dvns; US -vns; dvns/ n recent advances in medical science 医学上的新进展. 预付; 预支; 借贷: The bank gave/made her an advance of 500. 银行贷给她 500英镑. (idm 习语) in advance (of sth) beforehand; ahead in time 预先; 事先; 事 前:The rent must be paid in advance. 租金须预付. Its impossible to know in adva

19、nce what will happen. 预知未来发生的事是不可能的. advance adj attrib 作定语 预先做好的; 预先供给的: give sb advance warning/notice of sth 对某事物给 某人预先警告通知 * make an advance booking, ie reserve a hotel room, a seat in a theatre, etc before the time when it is needed 预定（旅馆房间 戏 票等） advance 2 / dvns; US -vns; dvns/ v (a) I, Ipr, I

20、n/pr (on/towards sb/sth) 前进: Our troops have advanced two miles. 我们的部队已经前进了两英里. (b) I (fig 比喻) make progress 进步: advance in ones career 在事业上进步 Tn 向前移动或推进（某人某事物）: The general advanced his troops at night. 将军夜晚将部队向前推进. Tn 促进（某事物）; 推动（某人 计划等）: Such conduct is unlikely to advance your interests. 这种行为对你可

21、不大有利. Tn (fml 文) 作出, 提出（要求 建议等）: Scientists have advanced a new theory to explain this phenomenon. 科学家已提出一种新理论来解释这一现象. Tn, Tn.pr 提前; 提早: The date of the meeting was advanced from 10 to 3 June. 会议日期已由6月10日提前到6月3日. Cf 参看 postpone 1. advanced adj 1 在生命或进程中远远在前的: be advanced in years 年事已高 She died at an

22、 advanced age. 她活到高龄才去世. 2 非初步的; 高深的; 高等的: advanced studies 高深的研究. 3 新的而尚未被普遍接受的; 先进的; 先驱的; 超前的: have advanced ideas 有先进的思想. # advanced credit (also advanced standing) (US) credit given by one college for courses taken at another 跨校学分（大专院校对学生在其它院校所学 课程给予的学分）. Advanced level (also A level / e levl; e

23、 lvl/) (in Britain) higher level in the General Certificate of Education examinations （英国普通教育文凭考试中 的）高级程度. Amazing amaze / mez; mez/ v Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态 fill (sb) with great surprise or wonder 使（某人）惊异或惊奇: He amazed everyone by passing his driving test. 他驾驶考试合格使大家很惊奇. * We were amazed at/by the

24、change in his appearance. 他的样子变得使我们大为惊讶. * She was amazed/It amazed her that he was still alive. 他居然还活着使她感到惊异. amazement n U: He looked at me in amazement. 他惊愕地看着我. * I heard with amazement that. 我听到.大为吃惊. amazing adj (usu approv 通常作 褒义): an amazing speed, player, feat 令人惊异的速度 表演者 事迹 * I find it ama

25、zing that you cant swim. 你不会游泳可使我大吃一惊. amazingly adv: Shes amazingly clever. 她出奇地聪明. amazed /mezd/ extremely surprised: She was amazed at how calm she felt after the accident. Amazing Amazed Surprising Surprised Exciting Excited Boring Bored Moving Moved Interesting interested Confidence Confident D

26、istance Distant Difference Different Significance Significant make a, no, some, etc difference (to sb/sth) (a) have an, no, some, etc effect (on sb/sth) （对某人某事物）有 没有 有些.作用或影响: The rain didnt make much difference (to the game). 这场雨（对比赛）没多大影响. (b) be important, unimportant, etc (to sb/sth); matter （对某

27、人某事物） 重要 不重要等; 要紧 不要紧等: It makes no difference (to me) what you say: Im not going. 不管你怎麽说（对我来说）都无所谓, 反正我不去. It wont make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天 去也好, 明天去也好, 关系不大. Does that make any difference? ie Is it important, need we consider it? 那要 紧吗? * Yes, it makes all the diff

28、erence, ie is very important. 是的, 非常重要. make the most of sth/get the most out of sth Charming and friendly, she will help you make the most of your visit. advice on how to get the most out of your computer resource / rss, also -zs; US risrs; risrs/ n C usu pl 通常作复数 supply of raw materials, etc which

29、 bring a country, person, etc wealth 资源: rich in natural, mineral, agricultural, etc resources 自然的 矿产的 农业的.资源丰富 * U (fml 文) ingenuity or quick wit; initiative 才智; 机敏; 创造精神: a man of great resource 足智多谋的男子. resourceful / -fl; -fl/ adj clever at finding ways of doing things 善 於随机应变的; 机敏的; 办法多的. resour

30、cefully / -fl; -fl/ adv. resourcefulness n U. facility / fslt; fslt/ n U, sing 容易学好或做好事物的能力: have (a) great facility for (learning) languages 有（学习）语言的天才 * He plays the piano with surprising facility. 他 弹奏钢琴神乎其技. facilities pl circumstances, equipment, etc that make it possible, or easier, to do sth;

31、 aids 能够或易於做某事的环境 设备等; 辅助物: sports facilities, eg running tracks, swimming pools 运动设施（如跑道 游泳池） washing, postal, shopping, banking, etc facilities 洗涤 邮政 购物 银行等 设施 * facilities for study, eg libraries 有助学习的设施（如图书馆）. facilitate fa cil i tate /fsltet/ v T formal to make it easier for a process or activi

32、ty to happen Computers can be used to facilitate language learning. facilitation /fslten/ n U equal / ikwl; ikwl/ adj （大小 数量 价值 程度 状况等）相同的, 相等的, 同样的: They are of equal height. 他们一般高. pred 作表语 to sth/doing sth 对某事物有力量 勇气 能力等; 能胜任: She feels equal to the task. 她认为能胜 任该项工作. equal n 和自己相当的人或事物: Hes my e

33、qual in strength. 他和我力气一样大. equal v (-ll-) (US -l-) Tn, Tn.pr sb/sth (in sth与某人某事物相同或相等: equalling the Olympic record 平奥运会纪 录 * He is equalled by no one in kindness. 没有人比他更善良. equality / kwlt; kwlt/ n U 平等: Women are still struggling for true equality with men. 妇女仍在争取与男 人真正平等. equalize, -ise / ikwla

34、z; ikwlaz/ v I, Tn （使某事物）（在大小 数量等上）相等 equally / ikwl; ikwl/ adv 1 相等地; 同等地: They are equally clever. 他们一样聪明. equator / kwet(r); kwet/ n赤道 Attitude to/towards sth Approach to sth Key to Entrance to Answer to Goal aim purpose target Last but not least To begin with; to start with; whats more; moreover

35、; furthermore; in addition; additionally; Responsible Responsibility Response Respond ahead / hed; hd/ adv (of sb/sth) （在空间或时间上）向前, 往前, 朝前; 在前: He ran ahead. 他跑在前面 ahead of prep further forward in space or time than (sb/sth); in front of （在空间或时间上比 某人某事物）更前, 更早 London is about five hours ahead of New

36、 York. 伦敦时间比纽约早五小时左右. Ahead of us lay ten days of military training. 我们当前有十天的强化训练. in the lead over (sb/sth); further advanced than 处於（某人某事物）的领先 地位; 比.更先进; 领先: His ideas were (way) ahead of his time. 他的思想比他所处的时代先进（得 多）. junior / dun(r); dunj/ adj (to sb) lower in rank or standing (than sb) （较某人）地位或身

37、分低的He is several years junior to Mrs Cooper. 他比库珀太太小几岁. Junior (abbrs 缩写 Jnr, Jr, Jun) (esp US) (used after a name to refer to a son who has the same name as his father or to the younger of two boys having the same name in a school, university, etc 父子同名时, 用於儿子姓名之後, 两学生同姓 时, 用於年幼者之名後, 以示区别): Martin L

38、uther King, Jr (Brit) of or intended for children from the ages of 7 to 11 （7至11岁）儿童的: junior school 小学 junior n 1 （一职业中）地位较低者; 从事次要工作的人: the office junior 办公室的一 般职员. 2 比某人小若干岁: He is three years her junior/her junior by three years. 他比她 小三岁. independent / ndpendnt; ndpndnt/ adj (of sb/sth) not depe

39、ndent 独立的; 自主的; 自立的: old enough to be independent of ones parents 年岁已大不必依赖父母 depend focus / fuks; foks/ n (pl es or foci / fusa;fosa/) （光 声等的）中心点, 源. 焦点; 焦距. C usu sing 通常作单数 centre of activity, interest, etc 活动的中心; 使人感兴 趣的所在: Her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮, 很惹人注 目. (idm 习语) be i

40、n focus; bring sth/come into focus (cause sth to) be or become clearly seen or sharply defined （使某事物）清晰 明确或在焦点上: Bring the object into focus if you want a sharp photograph. 要照出清晰的照片, 就要 把焦点对准物体. be/go out of focus not be or no longer be clearly seen, etc 模 糊 不清楚或不在焦点上: The childrens faces were badly

41、 out of focus (ie were very blurred) in the photograph. 照片上孩子们的面部非常模糊. focus v (-s- or -ss-) 1 (a) I become able to see clearly 能够看清楚: His eyes focused slowly in the dark room. 他在那间黑屋子里眼睛慢慢地看清了东西. (b)Tn, Tn.pr sth (on sth) cause sth to be concentrated(at a point) 使某事物集中（於一点）: If you focus the suns r

42、ays through a magnifying glass on a dry leaf, it will start to burn. 用放大镜把阳光聚到乾叶子上, 叶子就能燃烧 2 (a) I, Ipr (on sth) concentrate (on sth) 集中（於某事物）: Im so tired I cant focus (on anything) today. 今天我太累了, 精神集中不起来. (b) Tn, Tn.pr sth (on sth) concentrate (ones attention, etc) on (sth) 将（注意力等）集中於 （某事物）: Pleas

43、e focus your minds on the following problem. 请集中考虑以 下问题. detail 1 / ditel; US dtel; dtel/ n C small, particular fact or item 细目; 细节; 详情: Please give me all the details. 请告诉我全部详情. * I checked every detail of her research. 我核对了她的学术 研究的各个细节. * The details of the costume were totally authentic. 这件古装 的每个

44、小 go into detail(s) speak or write about all aspects of sth 详细叙述: He refused to go into details about his plans. 他不肯详述他计划的细节. in detail discussing all facts or items fully 详细地: to explain/describe sth in detail 详细解释叙述某 事物. detailed adj having many details or paying great attention to details; thorou

45、gh 详 细的; 极注意细节的; 详尽的; 完全的: a detailed description, account, analysis, etc 详尽的叙述 报道 分析等. As a result of Owing to Due to Thanks to Because of tip 1 / tp; tp/ n pointed or thin end of sth 尖端; 尖儿: the tip of ones nose 鼻尖 (idm 习语) (have sth) on the tip of ones tongue just about to be spoken or remembered

46、 话到嘴边或几乎想起: His names on the tip of my tongue, but I just cant think of it. 他的名字就在嘴边上, 可我就是想不起来. the tip of the iceberg small but evident part of a much larger concealed situation, problem, etc 重要情况 重大问题等显露出的小部分: Over 100 burglaries are reported every month, and thats just the tip of the iceberg, ie

47、 many more occur but are not reported. 每月报案的入室盗窃案超过百起, 而这只不过是已知的一小部 分. tip v (-pp-) Tn, Tn.pr sth (with sth) fit a tip to sth; put on the tip of sth 给某 物装上尖头; 置於某物顶端: filter-tipped cigarettes 带过滤嘴的香烟 * The legs of the table were tipped with rubber. 桌子腿装上了橡皮头. * The native warriors tipped their spear

48、s with poison. 土着斗士把毒药涂在长矛尖上. tip n 1 small sum of money given to a waiter, taxi-driver, etc as a personal reward for their services （给服务员 计程车司机等的）小费, 小帐: He left a tip under his plate. 他把小费放在盘子下面了. Base (a) lowest part of sth, esp the part on which it rests or is supported （某物的） 底部 (c) (fig 比喻) sta

49、rting-point; underlying principle 起点; 基本原则: She used her familys history as a base for her novel. 她把她一家人的经历作为她小说的 蓝本. Put some moisturizer on as a base before applying your make-up. 使用化妆品之 前先用点润肤脂打底. place at which armed forces, expeditions, etc have their stores （军队 探险队 等的）基地, 根据地: an air base 空军基地

50、 baseless adj without cause or foundation 无原因的; 无根据的: baseless fears, rumours, suspicions 无根据的恐慌 谣言 怀疑. base 2 / bes; bes/ v Tn.pr sth on sth use sth as grounds, evidence, etc for sth else 以某事物为另 一事物的根据 证据等: This novel is based on historical facts. 这部小说是以历史事实为根据的. * Remind sb of sth Remind sb that R