1、Unit4Looking good feeling good Section B 【重点陈列】【重点陈列】 重点词汇重点词汇 1.attack n.发作;攻击;抨击 vi.侵袭;抨击 2.pressure n. 心理压力;紧张;压力;要求,催促 3.contribute vi.增加,添加记忆力 4.memory n. 记性;记忆,回忆 5.plastic adj.可塑的;塑料的 n.塑料 6.surgery n.外科手术 7.addition n.增加,添加;加法 8.amount n.数量 9.schedule n.日程安排,工作计划;时间表 10.negative adj.消极的,负面的;
2、坏的,有害的;否定的 11.treatment n.治疗;对待,待遇;处理 重点短语重点短语 1.in addition 此外 2.in the short/ long term 从短期/长期看 3.plastic surgery 整形手术;整形外科 【重点词汇归纳拓展】【重点词汇归纳拓展】 1.In the short term,people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating. 短期内,有睡眠问题的人经常感到疲劳,并且难以集中注意力。(P48) 【词汇精讲】 在本句中 in the shor
3、t term 意为“从短期看”。 In the short term we will lose money,but in the long term we will make a profit. 短期内我们会亏损,但从长远看我们会盈利的。 【词汇拓展】 in relative terms 相对而言 in the long/short run 从长/短期看 in terms of 就来说;从角度;在方面 in general/practical/financial terms 从总体/实际/经济角度 be on bad/good/friendly terms with 与不和睦/和睦/友好 In
4、 terms of money he is rich,but not in terms of happiness. 从金钱角度上看,他很富有,但从幸福角度则不然。 2.Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems. 大城市的噪音污染和光污染也可能导致睡眠问题。(P48) 【词汇精讲】 在本句中 contribute 用作动词,意为“是的原因之一”,还可以意为 “捐赠,捐献;增加,添加”。 I have contributed several articles to
5、the magazine,but none of them have been published. 我已经给杂志投了好几篇文章,可一篇也没发表过 【词汇拓展】 make a contribution/contributions to 对做出贡献 contribute vi.捐助 contribute to 有助于;捐献;导致;投稿 contribute sth to.把某物捐献给 The two-week exchange activities contributed to a better understanding between us. 这两周的交流活动促进了我们之间更好地了解。 Th
6、e economists have made important contributions to the field of financial and corporate economics. 经济学家们在金融和企业经济学领域做出了重要的贡献。 3.Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep that we get is important to us. 每个人都知道高质量睡眠时间对我们很重要。(P49) 【词汇精讲】 在本句中 amount 用作名词,意为“数量”,the amount of 意为“的数 量”(修饰不可数名词)。 She
7、was quite positive about the amount of money involved. 她对所涉及的钱数十分肯定。 【词汇拓展】 (1)a large amount of 和 large amounts of 的意思相同,它们之后都只能 带不可数名词,但 large amounts of 短语作主语时,谓语应用复数。 (2)只能修饰不可数名词,表示“许多;大量”的表达:a great deal of,a large amount of,amounts of,quite a little,a large sum of,much。 (3)只能修饰可数名词,表示“许多,大量”的
8、表达:a large/great/good number of,a good/great many,dozens of,scores of,quite a few,many a。 (4)既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词,表示“许多;大量”的表达:plenty of,a lot of,lots of,a quantity of,quantities of。 4.In the long term,they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory,being overweight and suffering a heart attack. 从长
9、远来看,他们可能会增加记忆力差、超重和心脏病发作的风险。 (P48) 【词汇精讲】 句中的 attack 是可数名词,意为“攻击,发作;抨击”。attack 也可作及物 或不及物动词,意为“攻击;抨击;侵袭”。 The man insisted that he was just defending himself when attacked. 那个人坚持说当受到攻击时他只是在自卫。 【词汇拓展】 under attack 受到攻击 attack sb with sth 用攻击某人 make an attack on/upon.对发动进攻 When an animal is under atta
10、ck,it can run away or fight back. 动物遭到攻击时,要么逃走要么反击。 5.Mr Wilson is very happy with the treatment. 威尔逊先生对这种治疗很满意。(P50) 【词汇精讲】 在本句中 treatment 用作名词,意为“治疗”,还可以意为 “对待,待遇;处理”。 Unfortunately,they face unfair treatment and discrimination in that country. 不幸的是,他们在那个国家遭到了不公平对待和歧视。 【词汇拓展】 treat v.治疗;对待,款待 trea
11、t.as. 把当作一样看待 treat sb well/badly 对某人好/不好 give sb sth as a treat 用某物招待某人 treat sb/oneself to sth 以某物款待某人 Which doctor is treating you for your illness? 哪个医生在给你看病? 6.The operation was a great success. 手术非常成功。(P50) 【词汇精讲】 在本句中 operation 用作名词,意为“手术”,还可以意为“运转,操作”。 Doctors performed an emergency operatio
12、n for appendicitis last night. 医生昨晚为阑尾炎做了紧急手术。 The operation of this machine is simple. 这个机器的操作很简单。 【词汇拓展】 (1)have an operation(病人)接受手术 come into operation 付诸实施 in operation 操作中,运转中;生效 perform an operation(医生)动手术 (2)operate v.操作;运作;动手术 operate on 给动手术 operator n.(操作机器的)工作者;操作员;接线员 The machine has be
13、en operating well since I got it repaired last year. 自从我去年请人修好后,这台机器一直运转良好。 I dont want to be operated on by the butcher! 我不想让这个屠夫给我做手术! 7.In addition,Miss Edwards says the surgery makes her look unnatural and that she is unable to make certain facial expressions. 此外,爱德华兹小姐说,手术让她看起来不自然,她无法做出某些面部 表情。
14、(P50) 【词汇精讲】 addition 是名词,意为“添加;加法;增加物”。 Addition and division are forms of computation. 加法和除法都是计算方法。 This is a fine book,a worthy addition to the Cambridge Encyclopedia series. 这是一本好书,对剑桥百科全书系列是一个很好的补充。 A newborn child is often called an addition to the family. 人们常把新生的婴儿称作家庭中新添的一员。 【词汇拓展】 in additi
15、on 此外 in addition to 除之外 additional adj.额外的 In addition,we should learn how to get along well with others.此外, 我们应该学着如何和别人融洽相处。 【语法归纳】【语法归纳】 1.关系副词引导的定语从句 (1)where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。 I would like to live in a country where there is less air pollution. 我想居住在一个空气污染少的国家。 (2)when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。 I will al
16、ways remember the day when I was admitted into the university. 我将永远记得我被大学录取的那一天。 (3)why 表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。 The reason why he has had such success is that he never gives up. 他取得那么大的成功的原因是他从不放弃。 The reason why he failed the exam was that he didnt study hard. 他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。 (4)当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词或 reason
17、时,关系词用 when,where,why 还是 which/that 要看关系词在句中所作的成分来决 定,作状语时要用 when,where,why,作宾语、主语时要用 that 或 which。 Is this the reason that he told you about his absence? 这就是他告诉你的他缺席的原因吗? The building which is being painted is our library. 正在粉刷的大楼是我们的图书馆。 (5)当先行词是一些表示地点的抽象名词, 如:situation,point,stage,position 等时,如果关
18、系词在从句中作状语,常用 where 或“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。 The country has reached a stage where they export goods on a large scale. 这个国家达到大规模出口商品的阶段。 Soon they came to a point where the river divided. 很快他们就到了河流分岔处。 2.“介词(短语)+关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词(短语)+关系代词”也可引导定语从句,在句中作时间、地点和原 因状语,代替相应的关系副词 when,where 和 why。“介词(短语)+ 关系 代词”表示地
19、点时,有时句子需要用完全倒装形式。 I still remember the day on which(= when) I entered primary school. 我仍然记得我上小学的那一天。 The man to whom I had a talk just now is my friend. 刚才和我谈话的那个男人是我的朋友。 This is the gym in which (=where) they used to work out. 这就是他们过去锻炼的体育馆。 Can you tell me the reason for which (=why) he got angry?
20、 你能告诉我他生气的原因吗? 注意:在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,介词的选用可根据下列 三方面去考虑: (1)根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来考虑。 The farm on which they worked ten years ago has changed a great deal. (先行词 The farm在从句中作地点状语,“在农场”常用 on the farm,故用 on which,相当于 where) 十年前他们工作过的那个农场变化很大。 Do you still remember the day on which we visited the DaiTemple? (先行
21、词 the day 在从句中作时间状语,on which 相当于 when) 你还记得我们一起参观岱庙的那天吗? (2)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来考虑。 This is the library from which I often borrow. (介词 from 依据 borrow from 这一常见搭配而定) 这就是我经常借书的图书馆。 Have you met the person to whom I referred yesterday? (介词 to 依据 refer to 而定) 你见到过我昨天提到的那个人吗? (3)根据句子的具体含义来考虑。 The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday. 他现在写字用的那支钢笔是昨天买的。 (with which 表示“使用工具”) He made a hole in the wall,through which he could see what was happening outside. 他在墙上钻了个孔,通过这个孔他可以看到外面所发生的事情。 (through which 指“通过”)
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