（2021新教材）牛津译林版必修第一册英语Unit1知识梳理.docx

1、1 新高一新高一 M1U1 知识知识梳理梳理 一、词汇一、词汇 potential n.潜力;可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的 confidence n. 信心；信任；把握 advance n. 进步，进展，前进，行进 vt.vi.发展，进步 challenge n.质疑 responsible adj.有责任，负责;可靠的 positive adj.积极乐观的;良好的，正面的 look forward to (doing) sth. 期盼做 lie in 存在于，在于 attitude n.态度，看法 acquire vt.获得，得到 effort n.努力，费力的事;试图 make a di

2、fference 起作用，有影响 make the most of 充分利用，尽情享受 take advantage of 利用 equal adj. 相等的;平等的;相当的 n.同等的人(物) independent adj.自主的，有主见的;自立的 goal n.目标;进球得分 improve vt.vi.改进，改善 last but not least 最后但同样重要的 character n.品质，性格; 特点;人物，角色;文字 【拓展】语境构词 1. advance-advancing-advanced My father is an advanced worker. He ofte

3、n makes a plan in advance and now he and his team is always advancing the work of others. 2. equal-equally-equality The people there live in an equal society and everyone is treated equally and they are committed to advancing the equality. 3. 后缀为-al 的形容词 potential 潜在的，可能的 equal 平等的;相当的 individual 单独

4、的，个别的 cultural 文化的 4.后缀为-ity 的名词 responsibleresponsibility 责任 2 equalequality 平等 positivepositivity 积极性 activeactivity 活动 二、二、词汇用法词汇用法 1. What is the best way for you to improve your reading skills？(教材 P3) 对你来说，改善你的阅读能力的最好方法是什么？ 1）improve vi. 人物人物; 文字文字 1）Michael Fish is my favourite. Hes a hoot, a

5、real character. 3 我最喜欢迈克尔 菲什。他滑稽逗趣，是个实实在在的人物。 2）The town itself was full of life and character. 这个城市本身充满活力，个性十足。 3）Character is not separable from physical form but is governed by it. 性格和外表是分不开的，而且观其形知其性。 4）Terrys character has been written out of the show. 特里的角色已从演出中取消了 5）I like the simplified Chin

6、ese character. 我喜欢简易汉语字体。 三、单词短语运用三、单词短语运用 . 语境单词 1. They have to have a basic understanding of computers in order to use the advanced (advance) technology. 2. When one loses confidence (confident)，he can never expect to do his work well. 3. All his efforts (努力) to improve the situation are to be ap

7、plauded. 4. The children progressed in the acquisition（acquire） of basic skills. 5. These women are demanding fairness and equality（equal）in their pay. 6. Youd better get rid of that attitude(态度) and shape up, young man. 7. Positive and negative experiences form a childs character(性格). 8. Thats too

8、much responsibility(responsible) for a child. 9. You cant be dependent (independent) on your parents all your life. 10.The programme aims to educate and prepare students for a challenging (challenge) career. 11. We are doing our best with the limited natural resources(资源) available. 12. We took full

9、 advantage of the hotel facilities.(设施) .语境短语 1. What matters in all these points is that you make a difference （起作用， 有影 响） in peoples lives. 2. Happiness is the ability to make the most of （充分利用， 尽情享受） what you have. 3. It is surprising that it has taken people so long to take advantage of （利用） wha

10、t is a win-win opportunity. 4. Last but not least（最后但同样重要的）, we should call on citizens to take the bus instead of driving a car as much as possible. 5. To put it simply(简单地说，简而言之), the more people work and prosper, the greater their need for oil and gas. 6. The problem lies in (在于) how to find the

11、right people to do the job. 4 7. Jamie could hardly wait to (迫不及待地要去做) get started. 8. Over (在期间) the next few days, they got to know each other well. 9. I am sure in time (终于，最 后 ), you will understand why she made that choice. 10. We look forward to ( 期待，盼望)strengthening still further our already

12、close co-operation with the police. 四、句型四、句型 1. 运用重复和平行重复和平行结构，加强语气。 【例句】 Today is the start of a new term, the start of a three-year journey and the start of a promising future. 今天是一个新学期的开始，一次三年旅程的开始，也是一 个前途无量的未来的开始。 The path before you leads to a world full of challenges: a new environment, new kn

13、owledge and new ways of thinking. 你面前的道路通往一个充满挑战的世界：一 种新环境，新知识和一种新的思维方式。 2. 倒装句倒装句，因主语较长，使用倒装结构可以使句子更为平衡。 【例句】Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. 同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。. In the classroom are forty Chinese students, twenty American students and two t

14、eachers. 教室里有四十名中国学生、二十名美国学生和两位老师。 3. As 引导比较状语从句，引用名人名言。 【例句】As Lao-Tzu wisely said, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.正如老子所说，“千里之行，始于足下”。 As Confucius once said, “Study without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without study ends in puzzlement.” 正如孔子所说，“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”。

15、4. 存现句存现句(There be.结构结构)英语表示某时某处存在某物/某人时， 常用 Therebe. 结构。其基本句型是“therebe主语其他(状语、定语等)”。 【例句】There is a small pool at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下有一个小池塘。 There 在该结构中是个引导词，本身无词义。动词 be 是谓词，有时态变化，也可 与情态动词连用。动词 be 要和后面的就近的主语取得单复数方面的一致。 五五、语法、语法句子成分句子成分 1.主谓主谓(S V) 5 在此句型中，谓词为不及物动词，不能接宾语，但能表达完整的意义。 e.g. Th

16、e door opened.门开了。 2.主谓宾主谓宾(S V O) 在此句型中谓词为及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，它必须跟一个宾语， 即动作的承受者，才能表达一个完整的意思。 e.g. She teaches English.她教英语。 3.主系表主系表(S P) 在此句型中的谓词是系动词，后面必须接表语才能表达完整的意义。 e.g. The flower smells sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。 4.主谓宾宾主谓宾宾(S V IO DO) 此句型中的谓词带两个宾语(双宾语)，前一个为间接宾语(通常指人)，后一个为 直接宾语(通常指物)。 e.g. Mr Smith lent me

17、 his car.Mr Smith lent his car to me. 史密斯先生把他的车借给了我。 句子结构可以是：“主谓间宾直宾”或“主谓直宾to/for间宾”。 5.主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补(S V O C) 此句型中的谓词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词，也就是说，这些动词除了有一个 直接宾语外，还要加上宾语补足语，句子的意义才能完整。 e.g. The news made us surprised. 这消息使我们很吃惊。 【拓展】 可用下面方法来判断一个及物动词所带的是双宾语还是复合宾语：如果 宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系， 则该动词接的是复合宾 语，否则就是双宾语。 6.主谓状主谓状(S V A) 在此句型中，谓词也为不及物动词，但其后必须带有状语，否则结构不全，意义 不完整。 e.g. They lived in Beijing.他们住在北京。 7.主谓宾状主谓宾状(S V O A) 在此句型中， 谓词是及物动词， 其后不但必须有宾语， 而且宾语之后必须带状语， 否则结构不全，意义不明确。 e.g. She put all the books on the desk. 她把所有的书都放在桌上了。 6