(2021新版)牛津译林版必修二英语Unit 1 突破语法大冲关 同步讲解.doc

1、1/6 主谓一致 基本概念 英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致、时态一致、名词和 其代词的一致。 主语和谓语保持一致即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语人称和 数的变化而变化，叫主谓一致。 观察思考 Following Janes way of studying chimps， our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. Everybody sits and waits in the sh

2、ade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Most of the time，chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon. However，the evening makes it all worthwhile. 归纳用法 英语中

3、的主谓一致常见的有下列几种情况： 一、语法一致原则 1由连词 and 或 both.and.连接的两个并列成分作主语，其谓语动词一般 用复数。 Both Tom and his younger brother have passed the exam. 汤姆和他弟弟都通过了考试。 注意：(1)当 and 连接的两个词或词组表达的是同一个人、物或概念时，谓语 动词用单数。如果这两个词都是名词，则第二个名词前不用冠词。 The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room. 那位农民作家正在会议室里发表演讲。 (2)主语后有 w

4、ith，together with，like，but，as well as，except，including， 2/6 rather than，besides 等引导的词或短语时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 老师带着一些学生正在参观工厂。 2两个并列的名词前有 each，every，no，many a 等修饰时，谓语动词一般 用单数。 (1)Each student and each teacher was given a ticket. 每个学生和老师都发了

5、一张票。 (2) Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall. 许多课桌和凳子将被搬出大厅。 3在正式的文体中，由 not only.but also.，neither.nor.，either.or.，or 等连接两个并列主语时， 其谓语动词与其靠近的主语保持一致， 即就近原则。 there be 句式也是如此。 (1)Not only the students but also the teacher hasnt come. 学生和老师都没来。 (2)Neither the children nor the moth

6、er likes this kind of music. 孩子们和妈妈都不喜欢这种音乐。 (3)There is a book and two pens on the desk. 桌上有一本书和两支钢笔。 二、意义一致原则 1表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积等的复数名词作主语时，通 常将其视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Two miles is too far for the child. 两英里路程对这个小孩来说太远了。 2集合名词 family，class，crowd，team，government，company，group 等 作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调个体

7、，谓语动词用复数。 (1)Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school. 在我们学校，我们班在踢足球方面比其他任何班都好。(强调整体) (2)His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad. 他的家人正在等他回国。(强调个体) 3当 people，police，cattle 等词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。 The police are searching for the lost child. 3/6 警察正在寻找那个失踪的

8、孩子。 4不定代词 anyone，anybody，anything，everyone，everybody，everything， someone， somebody， something， no one， nobody， nothing， each， the other， either， neither 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Since everyone is here，lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。 5代词 none 作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数，主要由说话人的意思 来决定。但代表不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数。 (1)Non

9、e of them knows/know the answer. 他们中没有人知道答案。 (2)None of the information about him has been received. 没收到一点关于他的消息。 6专有名词作主语 表示国家、 机构、 事件、 作品等名称的专有名词作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。 (1)One Thousand and One Nights tells people lots of mysterious folklore. 一千零一夜给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。 (2)The United Nations plays an important rol

10、e in the international affairs. 联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。 7不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 (1)How to solve the problem is to be discussed at the meeting. 如何解决这个问题将在会上讨论。 (2)Whether he will help us doesnt matter too much. 他是否帮我们关系不大。 (3)Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在阳光下读书对你的眼睛有害。 三、名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数 1当百分数或

11、分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是用复数由名 词来决定。 (1)About three fourths of the surface of the earth is water. 地球表面大约四分之三是水。 4/6 (2)About 50 percent of the students in our school are girls. 我们学校大约百分之五十的学生是女生。 2由“kind(type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓 语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。 (1)This new type of buses

12、is now on show. (Buses of this new kind are now on show.) 现在正展出一种新型的公共汽车。 (2)All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。 (3)A series of debates between the lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend. 讲师之间一系列的辩论安排在下周末举行。 3a number of(许多)，a variety of(各种各样的)和 a group of(一群，一组)修 饰名词作主

13、语时，谓语要用复数形式。但是 the number of(的数目)和 the variety of(的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语要用单数形式。试比较： (1)A number of students are from the south. 不少学生来自南方。 (2)The number of students from the south is large. 来自南方的学生数量很多。 (3)A variety of toys are on sale in that shop. 那个商店出售各种各样的玩具。 (4)The variety of goods on sale in that sho

14、p is surprising. 那个商店出售的货物品种多得惊人。 4a quantity of 后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a quantity of 后接 不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；quantities of 后无论接复数名词还是不 可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。 (1)A large quantity of milk was wasted at that time. 那时大量的牛奶被浪费了。 (2)Great quantities of work are needed to do before we finish the task. 在完成这项任务前，我们还有

15、大量的工作要做。 5“many a单数名词”和“more than one单数名词”作主语时，虽表 示复数意义，但要遵循语法结构一致的原则，谓语动词用单数。 5/6 (1)Many a child was playing in the shade of the tree. 许多孩子在树阴下玩耍。 (2)More than one student has passed the examination. 许多学生通过了考试。 6(1)在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词 保持一致。 (2)在“one of复数名词”结构后的定语从句中，one of复数名词关系 代词谓语动词复

16、数；the(only) one of复数名词关系代词谓语动词单数。 This is one of the books which were written in French. 这是用法语写的书中的一本。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. 他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。 即学即练 完成句子 不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故负责。 Not Jack but his parents are responsible for the home accident. 我们需要的是三本英语书。 Wh

17、at we need are three English books. 一个学生一周的伙食八十美元足够了。 Eighty dollars is enough for a student to spend on food for one week. 格林先生，以及他的妻子和孩子，已经来中国了。 Mr Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China 大量的煤已经被送到那儿。 Great amounts of coal have been sent there 在我国，男孩和女孩有相同的受教育的机会。 In our countr

18、y，every boy and every girl has the same opportunity for education 第一个问题非常容易，但其余的很难回答。 The first question is very easy，but the rest are difficult to answer 她是穿晚礼服的妇女之一。 She is one of the women who wear evening dresses 6/6 .单句语法填空 1The teacher and writer is(be) respected by all the people. 2 Not only

19、his friends， but also he himself is(be) looking forward to the meeting. 3That our teacher is going to leave us makes(make) us disappointed. 4The family have(have) different opinions about their going abroad. 5This kind of shoes is(be) popular with young women. 6A library with five thousand books is(

20、be) offered to the nation as a gift. 7Two fifths of the land in that area is(be) covered with trees and grass. 8Many a student has(have) made the same mistake since yesterday. 9The Olympic Games are(be) held once every four years. 10Neither my gloves nor my hat goes(go) with the dress. .短文语法填空 Our s

21、chool library，along with many other buildings, is very different from other schools.There 1.are(be) two computer rooms，three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building.The number of the books 2.is(be) large, and maybe there are 100, 000 books in it.It is said that all the b

22、ooks cost our school 200, 000 dollars.Maybe 200, 000 dollars 3.is(be) large to every student.In the era of knowledge explosion, the number of the students who 4.have (have) a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day.Nowadays, our library has been developed into a multifunctional building.There

23、are 50 computers in it.Many a student 5.likes(like) to surf the Internet at weekends here， and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John 6.are playing(play) computer games there.When you turn to another room, you will find that a professor and writer 7.is delivering(deliver) a speech.Each boy and each girl 8.is focusing(focus) on his interesting speech.