(2021新版)牛津译林版必修二英语Unit 1 语法学案—主谓一致 .docx

1、主谓一致主谓一致 语法定义：语法定义：主谓一致即在句子中谓语动词的数必须和主语的数保持一致。一般 可以根据三个原则来确定： 1. 语法一致：语法一致：主语的单、复数决定谓语动词的单、复数 2. 意义一致：意义一致：形单意复或形复意单的名词作主语，谓语动词要根据主语的意义 决定 3. 就近一致：就近一致：谓语动词要和它最近的主语在数上保持一致 语法一致语法一致 用法用法 例句例句 主单动单，主复动复 The resultsresults of the research are are to be published soon. 复合不定式 someone, anyone, something,

2、everything 等作主语， 谓 语动词用单数 Nothing is Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. “each of +名词代词复 数”作主语，谓语动词用 单数 “we, you, they 或名词复 数+each”作主语， 谓语动 词用复数 Each of the students hasEach of the students has an iPad. The students each haveThe students each have an iPad. 代词 all 作主语， 若指认， 谓语动词用复数； 若指事 物或现象， 谓

3、语动词通常 用单数 All areAll are equal before the law.法律面前，人人平等。 All isAll is well that ends well. 结局好一切都好 不定式、动名词、从句作 主语， 谓语动词通常用单 Having to change trains isHaving to change trains is a small inconvenience. 数 “many a/the whole/ each/every/either neither+单数名词“作主 语时，谓语动词用单数 Many a pageMany a page in this boo

4、k is is missing. Either soEither solution proveslution proves effective. 意义一致意义一致 用法用法 例句例句 形单意复，谓语动词用复数 形复意单，谓语动词用单数 The police haveThe police have not made any arrests. Ten years isTen years is a long time. 表示一类人 the+adj./姓氏复数/国家形 容词（the rich/ poor/dead/injured/wounded/Greens） The Greens areThe Gr

5、eens are planning a day out. T The he Chinese areChinese are hard-working. 如 maths, physics, politics, news 等以 s 结尾但为单数概念的名词作主语，谓 语动词用单数。 Bad newsBad news has wings. 坏事传千里。 单复数同形的单词， 谓语动词与其实际 意 义 一 致 。 （ sheep, deer, means, works(工厂)） There is a little sheepThere is a little sheep eating grass on th

6、e hill. 集体名词作主语， 当其作为一个整体看 待时，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的 各个成员，谓语动词用复数。 The whole class consists of The whole class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. The whole cThe whole cl lass are ass are doing experiments. The population of Canada isThe population of Canada is about 29 million About eighty percent of the Abo

7、ut eighty percent of the population of this country are population of this country are peasants “ 名 词 或 代 词 +with/ along with/ together with/ as well as/ rather than/ but/ except 或 not 等+名词代词”作 主语， 谓语动词的数和第一个名词或者第一个名词或者 代词代词保持一致。 Tom as well as Tom as well as two of his friends was was invited to th

8、e party. Nobody but Nobody but one teacher and three students was was in the lab. 特殊情况：特殊情况： 1. 就近原则 either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but(also).等连接的并列成分作主语 时，根据就近一致的原则处理。离谓语动词近的主语部分是单数，就用单数；离 谓语动词近的主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数。如： Either the teacher or the students arethe students are to blame Not only the student

9、s but also their teacher doesnttheir teacher doesnt know about it Neither you nor I I knowknow how to do it 2. “分数、百分数、half、the rest 或 most of +名词”作主语，谓语单复数和 of 后 面的名词保持一致。 Two thirds of the books arebooks are worth reading. 3. “Kind/form/type/sort/series+of+名词” ，谓语动词的形式，取决于 of 前的这 些词。 This typeThis

10、 type of buses is is now on show. 4. a number of +名词+谓语动词复数形式 the number of +名词+谓语动词单数形式 5. “more than one+ 名词” ，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词用单数。 More More than one than one studentsstudents has failed the exam. 6. “aan+单数名词+or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： “one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： A student or two hasA student o

11、r two has failed the exam One or two students wereOne or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon 7. a quantity of 后既可以加单数名词也可以加复数名词，谓语动词都用单数形 式；quantities of +pl./ U，谓语动词用复数形式。an amount of+U+谓语动词 单数形式； amounts of + U+谓语动词复数形式 There is is a large quantity of a large quantity of milk. Gre

12、at quantities of fish were Great quantities of fish were caught on the high seas. 8. 当主语后面跟有 with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like， in addition to， as well as， as much as， more than， rather than， no less than， except，but，besides，including 等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数不不 受这些词语的影响受这些词语的影响。如： The rock

13、singerrock singer，along with his bodyguard，waswas rushed away from the theater Mr.Mr. RobbinsRobbins，accompanied by his wife and children，is is arriving tonight No oneNo one but your parents waswas there then TomTom，together with Mary and Alice，is is going to swim this afternoon. 9. 定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方

14、面应该与其先行词先行词保持一致。 Dont choose meme, who amam not fit for this job. This is one of the novels the novels that have have ever beenever been written by Mo Yan. She is the only onethe only one of the girls whowho sings well in her class. 10. 在强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分“中，当被强调的部分 是句子的主语时， “其他部分”中的

15、谓语动词应和被强调的主语被强调的主语保持一致。 It is the boysthe boys who areare to blame. 题组训练：题组训练： 1. To say you were ignorant of the rules _(be) no excuse. 2. The cattle _(eat) grass on the hill now. 3. Not every means _(be) useful. 4. The English _(be) proud of their sense of humor. 5. _(be) either you or he fit for

16、the job? 6. Many a good man _(have) been destroyed by drink. 7. The writer and translator _(be) delivering a speech in our school now. 8. Mary along with her sisters _(attend) the conference regularly. 9. A third of his composition _(have) been corrected. 10. Some new forms of art _(be) being discus

17、sed at the meeting now. 11. Machines of this kind _(help) us a lot in our daily life. 12. Mary as well as her sisters _(study) Chinese in China. 13. Our school is carrying on a reform in education and each boy and each girl _(have) access to a tablet computer as well as the Internet. 14. All we Chin

18、ese (be) hoping to be successful in fighting the novel coronavirus soon through our united hard work. 15. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, (be) visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. 16. Either you or one of your classmates (be) to attend the sports meeting next week. 17. Ab

19、out one third of the population in Beijing and Shanghai (be) netizens, but in poorer areas, only three or four percent (be) online. 18. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. 19. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _ (be) more effec

20、tive at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 20. Fast food _ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 21. It is told in the national newspaper, the number of people that _ （go） hungry _ (be)greatly reduced. 22.

21、 It can be clearly seen that the number of cars on our roads _ rising these days. 23. Two months _ (be)a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation. 24. This is the only one of the students _(who know) how to play the piano in our school 25. The committee _(be) made up of 20 member

22、s, who _ (be)experts in medicine. 26. After the earthquake, many doctors and soldiers (参加)the rescue work, and a number of injured people （be sent）to hospital in time. 27. Either his parents _ his brother _ (be)invited. 28. The population in Japan _ (be)not very large. But it is reported that about

23、twenty-five percent of the population _ (be)old people. 29. _ (a/the number) of the students who took part in the military training _ (be)450. 30. All we need _(be) a piece of advice on how we can improve our time management. 31. The ruins of the ancient city _ (be)of great cultural value and should

24、 be preserved for research in the future. 32. The publication of Great Expectations, which _ (be)both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist. 33. It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that _ (be blame) for the death of so many innocent

25、people. 34. Not only the driver but also the passers-by _ (be exposed to)danger because of the mechanical failure. 35. Large quantities of meat _ (be) sold in that store at the present time. 36. My English teacher, as well as her students, _ (be invited) to perform at the party last night. 37. Tom i

26、s the only one of the witnesses who _ ( have reported to see/seeing) the whole accident. 38. Mr Wilson didnt believe that twothirds of his childrens spare time _ (be) wasted watching TV. 参考答案： 1. was 2. are eating 3. is 4. are 5. Are 6. has 7. is 8. attends 9. has 10. are 11. help 12. studies 13. has 14. are 15. was 16. is 17. are 18. is 19. is 20. is 21. go, has been 22. is 23. is 24. who knows 25. is, are 26. were sent 27. or, was 28. is, are 29. The number of; was 30. is 31. are 32. was 33. was to blame 34. were exposed to 35. are being 36. was invited 37. has reported seeing 38. was