2021届七选五答题思路 学案材料.docx

1、 1 七选五解题技巧七选五解题技巧 一、依据连接词连接词衔接手段解题（一） （一）七选五试题概述 1. 考查目的 考试说明对 “七选五”的命题目的表述为“主要考查学生对文章的整体内容整体内容和结构结构以 及上下文逻辑意义上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。” 七选五与完形填空有相似之处，完形填空空出的是词，而七选五空出的是句子，考查的方式 一样，只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯符合英语的语法以及表达习惯表达行文连贯符合英语的语法以及表达习惯表达就行，因此， 这两类题型在做题方法上有共通之处。 2. 七选五高考真题特点 全国高考试卷，包括北京高考试卷，7 选 5 试题基本为说明文。北京高考试题以科普说明

2、文 为主。 全国高考三套试卷，早期的试题语篇类型多以方法建议类说明文方法建议类说明文为主，属于典型的“总分 (总)”，第 1 段是文章主旨，其他段落分别说明，各段落之间是平行、并列关系，并且各段 多以主题句加解释说明主题句加解释说明性，而近两年只有 2018 年全国卷 2，2020 年全国卷 1 采用了这种中 规中矩的结构文体，其余的要么采用了递进式结构递进式结构语篇文本，要么采用了双层“总分双层“总分(总总)” 结构，其文本结构不再像以前一样一目了然。 什么叫“总分总”结构？也就是第什么叫“总分总”结构？也就是第 1 段他给你一个总述，然后第段他给你一个总述，然后第 2、3、4 段分别介绍，

3、最段分别介绍，最 后一段进行一个总结。后一段进行一个总结。 2 3. 七选五文本中的显性和隐性衔接手段 语篇应该具有连贯性连贯性， 语篇连贯是依靠语篇衔接关系语篇衔接关系建立起来的。 实现语篇连贯的衔接机制 有显性显性和隐性隐性之分， 其中显性衔接是实现语篇连贯的主要手段， 而隐性衔接则是实现语篇连 贯的不可缺少的方式。二者相间使用，相互补充，促成整个语篇连贯的建立。 显性衔接手段大体可通过词汇衔接词汇衔接、 语法衔接语法衔接以及连接词衔接连接词衔接等三个方面来实现； 隐形衔接 存在于语篇的底层，是语篇的无形网络。这种无形网络对语篇信息的理解带来了很大困难。 读者在理解无明显标记或仅有部分标记

4、的语篇时，必须借助上下文语境借助上下文语境、图式知识（背景图式知识（背景 知识）知识）及推理想象推理想象等手段来完整理解语篇的隐含意义。 4. 英语语篇的显性衔接：连接词衔接（连接词如：not only.but also、but） 连接词衔接连接词衔接：这里的连接词是广义广义的，它不仅包括语法意义上的连词语法意义上的连词，也包括具有连 接意义的由副词或介词短语副词或介词短语所体现的状语。 通过连接词的运用， 人们可以了解句子之间的语义联系， 甚至可以经前句从逻辑上经前句从逻辑上可预 见后续句的语义，从而进一步明确句子语义发展的方向。连接词本身不仅具有清楚的语义具有清楚的语义， 更重要的是他们能

5、够表达出某种逻辑关系表达出某种逻辑关系，因此连接词的运用标志着某种语义概念标志着某种语义概念及逻辑逻辑 关系的出现关系的出现，在语篇中发挥着起承转合起承转合的作用。 连接词的作用：连接词的作用： 无论在口语还是书面语中， 这些起连接作用的词语以其特有的方式来帮 助人们理解语篇， 标示出一个观点是如何从一方面表达到另一方面的。 它们的这种连接作用 如同旅途上的路标，为旅行者指路导航。 1）先后次序关系先后次序关系 first; to begin with; to start with; first of all; second; next; at last; to end with;finall

6、y; eventually; last but not least(最后一点但这一点跟前面的一样重要） previously; simultaneously(同时地); at this time; since then; afterwards; following this; preceding this（在这之前）。 2）因果关系因果关系 because；since；as; for; in that.(因为；由于；既然); because of this; owing to; due to; for this reason; as a result of this; another impo

7、rtant factor/reason of .; the reason seems to be obvious; so; therefore; thus;hence; accordingly 因此；consequently 结果；in consequence; as a consequence; as a result; inevitably 必然地; so that.(so 前必须有逗号） 3 3）转折关系转折关系 but; however; even so ; yet.; and yet; though; even though; despite that; in spite of th

8、at; regardless of (不管，不顾） 4）并列关系）并列关系 and; also; too; as well as; similarly; likewise 同样地,；either., or.； both.and.; 5）（补充）递进关系）（补充）递进关系 furthermore; moreover; next; besides; in addition to; additionally not only.but also.; not.but.; more importantly ; most important of all; much more interesting; mo

9、re specifically; on the one hand., on the other hand.; meanwhile; at the same time; 6）比较关系比较关系 Similarly；in like manner 同样地 In comparison with; when compared with; compared with; Like .;similarly important;.rather than(而不是). in the same way; 7）对照（不同点）对照（不同点） yet; still; notwithstanding 尽管； rather; c

10、onversely 相反地；unlike; opposed to; as opposed to; in contrast(to); on the contrary; contrary to; something is just the other way around 有些事恰恰相反； different from this; nevertheless 然而；whereas 然而；while; 8）强调关系强调关系 in fact; in truth 事实上；especially;obviously; particularly ; what is particular; undeniably;

11、 definitely;undoubtedly; without a doubt; not to mention.; to be strict; to be true 诚然；In any event 无论怎么样； without reservation 毫无保留 地； it is certain/ sure that.; 9）举例关系举例关系 for example；for instance； take something as example；take the case of ; namely 即， 换句话说 in this case;as you know; you may say; as

12、 he explains; like ; such as; including.;for one thing.,for another.; put it simply; A case in point is .; a good example(of.)would be .; To detail this, I would like to .; It is interesting to note that.; 10）条件关系条件关系 if, lest 以免；unless; as long as; on condition that, providing that, provided that;

13、once.; if possible 如有可能；if necessary; if so; if not all 即便不是全部； if anything 如果有什么不同的话 例句：if anything, YYPs uneasiness deepened.如果说有什么不一样的话，那就是 YYP 变得越来越不安了。 4 （三）连接词衔接手段（三）连接词衔接手段 1.因果关系因果关系 5 因果关系因果关系 例例 2（2019 全国卷全国卷 3） online class Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40 When a

14、student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments. A.Thats what they are for. B.Turn to an online i

15、nstructor for help. C.If more information is needed, they will ask. D.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E.Below are some common dos and donts for online learners. F.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another. G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoug

16、htful questions. 2. 转折关系转折关系 该技巧主要是指前后句构成逻辑上的转折关系， 其关系词有 instead, however,though 等作为 提示。 1（2015 全国 1） You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in

17、your life. 40_instead, it s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. A.Learn to really trust yourself. B.It is putting confidence in someone. C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D.Remember that you can expect the best in return. E.Theyve be

18、en too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G.Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened. 解析：根据空格前一句和空格后解析：根据空格前一句和空格后 instead 一词后所述内容可知前后句是转折关一词后所述内容可知前后句是转折关系；既系；既 要

19、看到事情的积极面，也不要忽视所发生的事情。故选要看到事情的积极面，也不要忽视所发生的事情。故选 G 6 例例 3 2016 全国全国 1 A garden thats just right for you 答案：答案：E 隐性转折隐性转折 例 4 2020 全国 1 A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. _36_ Heres a handful of ways

20、 that will set you in the right direction. A. Feeling upset again? B. Where do you start? C. Nothing is too small to celebrate. D. Remember, you are only human. E. Set an intention for self-acceptance. F. Stop comparing yourself with others. G When does the comparison game start? 例例 5 2020 全国卷全国卷 3

21、_38_C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all th

22、e guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. _39_ Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new hom

23、e as a gift. A. This isnt usual though. B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D. If youre lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home l

24、ooks like. F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. 例 6 2020 山东卷 【1】Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. _(16) Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some princip

25、les you must master. 7 【2】People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” A. Do the opposite. B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You dont need to ap

26、ologize for a minor slip. D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners. G However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.

27、 A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 F.With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. 8 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message

28、“bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. A.It is very hard to break a code without a code book.（句式同样，并列句式）（句式同样，并列句式） B.In any language, some letters are used more than others. C.Only people who

29、know the keyword can read the message. D.As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F.With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G.Another way to hide a message

30、 is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 2019 年北京卷 Much of the work in todays world is accomplished（完成）in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 46 Companies spend millions hiring top business peop

31、le. Is their money well spent? A. Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.（并列句式）（并列句式） C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic princip

32、le of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. 4.总分或者列举关系总分或者列举关系 2016 年新课标年新课标 9 In an o

33、nline class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 36 While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic (逻辑) of each to their particular circumstance. A.Thats what they

34、 are for. B.Turn to an online instructor for help. C.If more information is needed, they will ask. D.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E.Below are some common dos and donts for online learners.(列举关系）列举关系） F.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another. G. Ask que

35、stions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. _36_. Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. Written communications

36、can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. _37_, encouraging better and more frequent communication. In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. _38_

37、. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线曲线). The good news is that its simple to learn and can be worth the effort. A. Message with emojis feel more conversational B. Even a forma

38、l email can seem cold and unfriendly C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace G. An

39、easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform 答案：36. D 37. A 38. G 10 二、二、运用词汇衔接和语法衔接手段解题运用词汇衔接和语法衔接手段解题 一）词义复现一）词义复现 11 1. 原词复现原词复现 2018 北京高考北京高考 why do we get angry? 2. 同义、近义词复现同义、近义词复现 12 13 3. 指代复现指代复现 例 2 2019 浙江卷 例例 3 2019 全国卷全国卷 3 14 注意：38 个空 A 选项中 that 指的是前面的那句话，是一整

40、句话。 4. 派生词复现派生词复现 二）同义词同现 15 1. 反义同现 2. 整体部分同现 16 二、语法衔接二、语法衔接 例 1 代词照应 17 例 2 2013 年新课标 1 例 3 例 4 Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex .But good news is that therere really only three kin

41、ds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. A. While all of them are useful 18 B. Whatever youre looking for C. If youre experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar with E. Its not really a good

42、 idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 例 1 分句替代 3. 省略 19 第三部分：依据试题位置解题第三部分：依据试题位置解题 一、一、结构法的概述结构法的概述 20 二、二、解题技巧演示解题技巧演示 段首题段首题 1. 空格式为主旨句空格式为主旨句 21 例例 2 2018 6 月浙江月浙江 例例 3 2019 北京高考卷北京高考卷 22 2. 段首句承上启下句段首句承上启下句 23 出现在断尾出现在断尾 1. 总结概括句总结概括句 24 2. 断尾句：首尾呼应断尾句：首尾呼应 25 段中题段中题 例例 1 2017 浙江浙江 例例 2 2018 北京高考北京高考 26 例例 3 2017 北京高考北京高考 三、三、做做 10 篇七选五以实践和反思篇七选五以实践和反思