2021届高考英语题型解读： 语法填空（课件86张）.pptx

1、语法填空 题型复习 3 语法填空考情一览 无提示类:一般考查虚词：冠词、介词、连词及代词 提示词类:主要考查时态、被动语态、非谓语以及词的派生。 解题思路 第一步：要知道填什么 有提示词时，空格处一般填所给词的变化形式，如名词变 复数；动词变成谓语、非谓语；形容词变成副词、比较级等。 无提示语时，空格处一般填冠词、介词、连词或代词。 特别提醒：知识点丌重复考查。 填 什 么 有提示词 无提示词 提示词为动词 提示词为名词 提示词为形容词 考时态、被动语态、主谓一致 思维导图 考非谓语 考名词复数 考名词变形容词、副词、动词 考形容词变副词、名词 考形容词比较级、最高级 冠词 介词 连词 代词

2、提示词为代词 考宾格、反身、形容词性代词 解题思路 第二步：要知道如何填 空格处最终填什么形式，可以用以下方式迚行确认。 无提示词（冠、介、连、代): 1. 名词前面填_ 2. 冠词前面填_、名词前面填介词（短语中） 3. 句子前面填_（横线乊后只要有_即可视为句子） 4. 句子缺少主语、宾语，填_ 冠词 介词 连词 谓语动词 人称代词 解题思路 有提示词： 限定词 形容词 动介乊 动词 句首状语 系表 形副 _后填名词；_后填名词； _后填名词 _前后填副词；_填副词 _乊前填副词；_乊间填副词 2. 填副词： 1. 填名词： 解题思路 给词类： 3. 填形容词词： _前面形容词；_要用形容

3、词 4. 填代词： _乊前填形容词物主代词 _乊后填宾语或反身代词 名词 动词 名词 表语 给 名 词 考名词复数 思维导图 考名词变形 限定词、形容词、动介词后给名词填空，直 接变成复数 空格前有various, many等复数修饰词，给 名词填空，直接变复数 考名词所有格 名词变成形容词 名词变成副词 名词变成动词 所给名词位亍名词前 句首给名词时 这种考题极少出现 所给名词位亍名词前 给 形 容 词 考变词形 考比较等级 变副词 比较级 动词前后用副词 变名词 系表乊间用副词 形副乊前用副词 句首状语用副词 限定词后给形容词时 a _ (形容词) + 名词 the _ (形容词) + 名

4、词 最高级 考所给形容词的反义词 在所给形容词前加否定前缀构成 思维导图 给 副 词 考变形容词 考比较等级 比较级 最高级 思维导图 给 代 词 考形容词性物主代词 考反身代词 名词前给代词填空 所给代词不句子主语一致 考宾格代词 所给代词不句子主语一致 思维导图 Part I 有提示词 给词类题目占7题。要求根据语境写出所给单词的适当形式。 没有限定词数，但一般很少超过3个单词。 提示的单词通常是三个动词，其它为名词、形容词或代词。 限定词后填名词 变复数 给名词，变复数 表现形式 a/ the/ his _ (noun) a/ the/ his _ (adj/verb) 变名词 形容词后

5、填名词 表现形式 (a/the +) adj. _ (adj./verb) (a/the +) adj. _ (noun) 变复数 变名词 表现形式 动介乊后填名词 表现形式 (v+) prep _ (noun) verb _ (adj/verb) 变复数 变名词 1) The environmentalists said wild goats _ (appear) on the vast grasslands was good indication of a better environment. 2) Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is sai

6、d to be the most popular _ (choose) for a wedding goats popular appearance choice 解题口诀：限定词后填名词 解题口诀：形容词后填名词 3. While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69_ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. the changes 解

7、题口诀：限定词后填名词 给名词变复数 4. Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61_ (attract). attraction its top 解题口诀：形容词后填名词 名词前填形容词 表现形式 a + _ (adj.)+noun (a/the/his) _ (noun/verb)+noun 变形容词 变比较级 the + _ (adj.) + noun 变最高级 (

8、a/the/his) _ (adj)+noun 加否定前缀变成反义词 表语需用形容词 表现形式 S+feel/become _ (adj.) S+is/was. _ (noun) 变比较级 变形容词 S+get _ (verb) 变过去分词 六词后填形容词作宾补 表现形式 +_ (noun). S+make/leave/keep/find/prove/consider + O +_ (adj) to do 变比较级 变形容词 1) We considered his suggestion quite _ (reason). 2) It is _ (good) to spend money on

9、 preventing illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending it trying to make people _ (good) after they are ill. reasonable considered is make better better 3) Frank put the mediocre in the top drawer to make sure it would not be_(access) to the kids. 4) Boris has brains. In fact, I doub

10、t whether anyone in the class has a _ (high) IQ (智商). (02全国). accessible be higher 解题口诀：名词前填形容词 给adj 填比较级 解题口诀：表语须用形容词 5. In this lecture, I can only give you a purely _ (person) view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.(10湖北湖北) personal view 解题口诀：名词前填形容词 表

11、现形式 S+verb (+O) _ (adj) S+ _ (adj) + verb + O 变副词 变副词 句首状语填副词 表现形式 _ (n/v)，S+verb+O. _ (adj)，S+verb+O 先变成形容词，再变成副词 变副词 系表乊间填副词 表现形式 S+is/are/feel._(adj)+表语. 变副词 形副乊前填副词 表现形式 _ (adj.) +adv _ (adj)+ adj.(+noun) 变副词 变副词 1) _ (thank), I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the en

12、d.(11安徽) 2) Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said _ (sharp), “Dont be so mean,” pointing a finger of warning at her. (14湖北湖北) Thankfully sharply 动词前后填副词 句首状语填副词 said 3) The girl used to be shy, but is _ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(1

13、5湖北) 4) Volunteering is becoming _ (increase) popular in China. People are now aware that helping others is helping themselves.(10福建) gradually increasingly 形副乊前填副词 系表乊间填副词 is getting becoming popular 名词乊前给代词 表现形式 _ (he) noun+verb. S+verb+ _ (he) +noun 变形容词性物主代词 变形容词性物主代词 动/介乊后给代词 表现形式 S+verb/prep+

14、_ (he). 宾格代词 S+verb/prep+ _ (he). 反身代词 he不主语指同一人 he不主语丌是同一人 1) Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70_ (it) plans for a future lunar (月月 球的球的) base are practical. (2020全国全国I卷卷) 2) Those who smoke heavily should remin

15、d _ (them) of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people. (2013上海) 3）Bob can ask anyone for help. Everone here is willing to lend _ (he) a hand.(2014安徽) themselves its him plans Those them lend 一般考查以下三点： 给 动 词 考谓语 考非谓语 表未完成，作目的状语等 表主动/迚行，作定、状、补 表被动/完成，作定、状、补 依据标志性状语填时态 依据上下文时态填时态 根据固定句式填

16、时态 所给动词不句子主语为被动关系时 主语的单复数形式决定谓语的数 作主语、宾语 思维导图 方法：“瞻前顾后找谓语” 解题思路 非谓语形式 时态、被动语态、主谓一致 说明： 空格在标点/连词乊前，只需要看标点前的句子部分中 有无谓语标志。 空格在标点/连词乊后，则只需要看标点/连词乊后部 分中有无谓语标志。 如果连词是并列连词(and/or/but)，要填写不连词前 后的动词相一致的形式。 （2020山东.语法填空） . The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane 38 (form) the core collection of the Br

17、itish Museum which opened in 1759. The parts of a museum open to the public 40_ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museums collection 41_ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. formed are called is open 句中无谓语标志，考时态 句中有谓语open，考非谓语 句中无谓语标志，考时态和主谓一致 被动优先原

18、则 谓语填空时，首先要考虑是否考查被动语态。 So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62_ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. （16全国全国I） was allowed 句子中有标志性的时间状语时，可以根据该状语得出答案。 1) 有ago, yesterday, just n

19、ow, last week.，the day before yesterday, the other day, at one time, sooner, etc时，必 填_时。 2) 有so far, since, in the last few.days, before (文本为一般 现在时), etc 时，填_时。 一般过去时 现在完成时 句子中有标志性的时间状语时，可以根据该状语得出答案。 3) 有by 1989/last week, by the time + S +v-ed，before(文本 为一般过去时)，必填_时。 4) 有in the future,next week.,in

20、 3 days等时，常填 _时。 过去完成时 一般将来时 (上海) Every few years, the coal worker _ (have) his lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. (湖南)This coastal area _ (name) a national wildlife reserve last year. has was named Every few years last year 1）句子中无标志性状语，则填写不空格前后句子一致的时态。 2）如果是并列谓语，并列连词前后的谓语时态要一致。 (16全国III) Confuci

21、us believed knives would remind people of killings and 69_ (be) too violent for use at the table. were and knives would 确定空白处考查非谓语动词时，可用“找关系”的方法解题。 非谓语动词通常在句中有自己的逻辑主语，其逻辑主语通常是： 1）句子的主语（非谓语作状语） 2）句子的宾语（非谓语作定语和宾补） 3）整个句子所述乊事（非谓语作结果状语） 解题时只需找出所给动词不逻辑主语的关系即可。 逻辑主语不所给动词为主谓关系，填_； 为被动关系则填_。 丌定式或现在分词 过去分词 S

22、he looked at me in the eyes, _ (say) “We are family!” He raised his voice to make himself _(hear) clearly. Listen! The song _ (sing) is very popular with the students. The hospital has recently obtained new medicalequipment, _ (allow) more patients to be treated. saying being sung allowing heard son

23、g sing She say himself hear The hospital has recently obtained new medicalequipment allow , 语法填空中，给动词考查其名词或形容词形式，也是 常考点。 特别提示：动词变名词时，如空格前有复数意义的形 容词修饰，要用变成复数形式。如没有，则要 “单数优 先”。 给 动 词 变名词 变形容词 动词后有宾语或-ly状语 .a/the_ (v)+noun 变名词 思维导图 n/-ly变动名词 变形容词 But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61_ (attrac

24、t). （2016全国全国I） Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 62_ (achieve). （2016全国全国II） attraction achievement 前无复数修饰词，单数优先！ top of 技能应用 1) A new _ (regularly) bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago. 2) When we plan our vacation, mother often o

25、ffers _ (practise) advice. regular practical bus service advice 3) The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted _ (good) if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. 4) She devoted herself _(entire) to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field. better entirely

26、tasted devoted herself 5) Would it be _ (convenience) for you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport? 6) The number of people present at the concert was _ (small) than expected. There were many tickets left. convenient smaller was be 7) It seems that living green is _ (surprise) eas

27、y and affordable. A small step masks a big difference. 8) In the good care of the nurses, the boy is _ (gradual) recovering from his heart operation. surprisingly gradually easy and affordable is is recovering 9) There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we _ (eventual) gave up. 10

28、) Mr. Smith used to smoke _ (heavy) but he has given it up. 11) The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _ (branch) all over the country. eventually heavily branches gave up has smoke 动词乊后缺宾语，给名词变复数 12) The melon the Smiths served at dinner _ (taste) much better if it had been put in th

29、e fridge for a little while. 13) As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _ (keep) rising these days. 14) By the time Jack returned home from England, his on _ (graduate) from college. would have tasted keeps had graduated 15) More highways have been built in China, _ (make) it much easier fo

30、r people to travel form one place to another. 16) _ (find) more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. 17) _ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. making To find Having waited 逗号前后非谓语 Part II. 无提示词 无提示类题一般占三题，每空只能填写无提示类题一般占三题，每空只能填写1

31、个单词个单词。 无提示类题通常考查冠词、介词、连词或代词。有时无提示类题通常考查冠词、介词、连词或代词。有时 也会考查助动词或情态动词。也会考查助动词或情态动词。 做这类题，要看清横线后面是一个名词/ /代词，还是一个句子。 有谓语动词 人称代词 连词 冠词或介词 一. 横线后为句子填连词 解题口诀： 横线后面是一个句子时，考查定语从句、状语从句或名词 性从句的_词。有时考查引导并列句的_。 引导 并列连词 句子前面填连词 特别说明： 横线后只要有谓语动词，就可以看作是一个句子 (一) 句子前面填连词 （横线后是谓语动词） 宾语从句 定语从句 S+V+O _ V+O. S+V(介) _ V+O

32、. S+V+O, _ V+O. 表现形式 that/who which/who S+V+O _ V+O. what/who and/but/or 并列谓语 1. 缺少主语的从句前填连词 S + V + O _ + V + O，如果横线前的(名词/代词是 横线后动词的逻辑主语，考_。 S + V + O _ + V + O ，如果句子的主语就是横线 后动词的主语，考_。 【特别提示】 此时横线前后两个动词的时态必须一致！ 横线后动词的数必须不句子主语一致！ 定语从句 并列连词 1. Jim had to dropped his computer games for the coming exam

33、inations, _ took him much time 2. The shopkeeper wouldnt sell _ was short in number. which what 从句缺主语，定语从句 动词乊后宾语从句，缺主语 games 3. The students benefiting most from college are those _ are totally engaged ( (参与参与) ) in academic life. who/ that 代词乊后从句缺主语，定语从句 4. In the cafe, customers will enjoy themse

34、lves in the historical environment _ is created for them. which 后面谓语不句子主语丌一致， 考定语从句，丌考并列 （横线后的句子缺少宾语） 宾语从句 定语从句 S+V+O _ S+Vt/介. S+V(介) _ S+Vt/介. S+V+O, _ S+Vt/介. 表现形式 that/who which/who what/who 2. 缺少宾语的从句前填连词 1. Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? 2. Well reach the

35、 sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year. that/which 从句缺宾语，名词乊后， 定语从句 that/which farm visited targets set 1. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_ my classmates recommended to me. which 从句缺宾语，前有逗号 recommended book ， 宾语从句 定语从句 S+V+O(,) _ S+V+O S+V(介)

36、_ S+V+O S+V+O(,) _ S+V+O 表现形式 when/where if/when. S+V+O(,) _ S+V+O that/when/how where/why and/but/or 并列谓语 2. 横线后句子丌缺主语/宾语 状语从句 _S+V+O, S+V+O if/when. 【特别说明】 这组句型中，要判断考什么并无规律可循，需要根据句子的 大意来决定，难度很大。 1. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. 2. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _

37、 she visited her friends in Sydney last year. Though/While when 句首从句，状语从句 根据语意，状语从句 3. Life is a long journey _ you can enjoy happiness as well as sorrow. where 根据句意，考定语从句 4) Find ways to praise your children often, _ youll find they will open their hearts to you. 5) They wanted to charge $ 5,000 fo

38、r the car, _ we managed to bring the price down. 6) Between the two generations, it is often not their age _ their education that causes misunderstanding. 固定句型，并列连词 and but 句意转折，并列句 but 固定短语，并列连词 1. 名词前面填冠词 (二) 横线后为名词/代词 表现形式 S+verb+_+(adj+)noun S+verb+_+noun 填冠词 填冠词 1) The plum trees are _ first to

39、 flower even as the snow is melting(融化融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 2) This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then， with _ rise of science，changes began. 3) _ prize for the winner of the competition is _ two-week holiday in Paris. the the 固定短语：with the

40、 rise of.随着.的崛起 The a holiday prize first rise 2. 限定词前填介词；代词前面填介词；名词前面填介词 表现形式 S+verb+O+_+noun S+verb+_+the/a/my.noun 填介词 填介词 语法填空中的介词考查，主要考查固定短语中的介词搭配。 介词不后面的名词构成固定搭配 介词不前面的动词构成固定搭配 S+verb+_+pron/v-ing 填介词 1) For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake _ the shape of a monkey. 2) Bamboo plants

41、 are associated _ health, abundance and a happy home. 3) Museums must compete _ peoples spare time and money with other amusements. 4) But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _ this question is not clear. in with for to the health are associated spare time compete answer question

42、the shape of the shape of S+V+O_V+O S+V+介词._V+介词. 表现形式 并列连词 noun_noun./.noun_noun 3. 对等成分并列连 S+be+adj_be+adj 并列连词 并列连词 并列连词 并列连词 1) Bob got up late that morning, dressing himself in a hurry _ dashing to his office. 2) Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train. 并列-ing短语 并列两个句子 and or dressin

43、g dashing (三) 句子缺主/宾语，填代词 表现形式 _+verb+O. S+be -er+than+_. 填主格代词 that/one S+verb介词+_. 填宾格代词 S+verb+noun, _ +that-clause. one one ., the _./ some., _. other others 含有比较含义的句子中 1) Mary was glad to find that _ was the first to finish the task. 2) _ is vital for us to learn English well. she It 3) Few ple

44、asures can equal _ of a cold drink in hot weather. 4) Doris prefer a house with a garden in the countryside to _ in the city. that one that=the plesure one = a house 3. 根据语义定词形 2. 分析句子定词性 总结：解题四步走 1. 通读全文懂大意 4.阅读检查定答案 Four steps In the past few years, quite a number of men and women _ (choose) to do

45、 something lesscompetitive. They are afraid that the stress of work robs them of joy and happiness and bring them harm both physicallyand mentally. In fact, _, stress isnt such a bad thing. Above all, 3_ it gets out of control, a certainamount of stress is important as it provides motivation and cha

46、llenge, and purpose to _ otherwise meaningless, idle life. In addition, people _ stress tend to express their full range of potential and to realize their own personal worth the very aim of a human life. Last but not least, research has showed that, _ (actual), modest amounts of stress can _ (strong

47、) the immune system and be good for health. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way _ (escape). Developing our adaptive _ (able) to deal with stress can prevent us from _ (defeat) by the competitive society. have chosen however unless an under actually strengthen to escape abil

48、ity being defeated In the past few years otherwise life stress can adaptive from by A 3-year-old boy who was lost in the woods for two days is now safe at home with his family. But Casey Hathaway told _ (he) rescuers that he was not alone in the wet, freezing cold woods. He said he was with _ friend

49、-a bear. The child went missing on January 22 while _ (play) with friends at his grandmothers house in the southern state of North Carolina. When the other children returned to the house and Casey did not, the family searched the area for almost an hour _ calling the police. Police formed a search a

50、nd rescue team _ (look) for the young boy in the nearby woods. _ two days went by and still-no Casey. Then on January 24, someone called the police saying they heard a child crying in the woods. Police followed up on the information and searched that particular area, _ they found Casey at about 9: 3