高考英语一轮复习英语语法专题复习：句子成分 [八大句子成分] 课件（共48张）.pptx

1、【高中语法】 句子成分 英语英语语法框框架架 语法知识 语音 音素 音节 五种语音现象 句法 词法 九大词类动词 词 汇搭配 时态 两大语态 三类非谓语动词 并列句 复 合句 特殊句式 主谓一 致 八种句子成分 四类句子 五种简单句 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句 CONTENTS 八种句子成八种句子成分分 八种句 子成分 主语 谓语 宾语 表语补语 定语 状语 同位语 01 主主语语 Subject 主语主语Subject 主语 (subject) 是句子陈述的对象或行为动作的主体，由 名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。 (1) 名词作主语 The flower smells great.

2、 (2) 代词作主语 I love you. (3) 数词 Two plus two equals four. 主语主语Subject 主语 (subject) 是句子陈述的对象或行为动作的主体，由 名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。 (4) 动名词作主语 Seeing is believing. (5) 动词不定式作主语 To do such a job needs a better knowledge. (6) 从句作主语 What I mean is to work harder. 练习：划出下列句子的主语。 【2017阅读】 ()The word “cheeseburger” was

3、 patented by Louis Ballast in 1944. “芝士汉堡”这个词在1944年被路易斯道布尔申请了专利。 (2) The proliferation of testing in schools has become one of the most contentious topics in U.S. education. 学校考试的泛滥已经成为美国教育中最具争议的话题之一。 主语主语Subject 02 谓谓语语 Predicate 谓语谓语Predicate 谓语 (predicate) 是对主语动作或状态的陈述和说明， 只能由动词和动词短语充当。 (1) 简单谓语

4、The flower smells great. I love you. Two plus two equals four. 谓语谓语Predicate 谓语 (predicate) 是对主语动作或状态的陈述和说明， 只能由动词和动词短语充当。 (2) 复合谓语：核心动词只有一个 I may be wrong. I can speak a little English. The children are flying kites in the park. 练习：划出下列句子的谓语。 【2015阅读】 (1) I am not raising the children. (2) Only a f

5、ew could afford that in city centers. (3) We should all look forward to the time. 谓语谓语Predicate 谓语谓语Predicate 一个简单句有且只有一个有且只有一个谓语。 I afraid its too late. Get up early is good for our health. 谓语缺失 I am afraid its too late. 双谓语 Getting up early is good for our health. 1. The bride absent from the wedd

6、ing today. 2. Most of the students against this plan. 3. Everything beyond my control. 练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。 1. The bride absent from the wedding today. 2. Most of the students against this plan. 3. Everything beyond my control. 练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。 was are goes 练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。 1. My favorite sport is pl

7、ay football. 2. His parents wanted him work hard. 3. I saw him walked into the building. 4. There are four girls live in that house. 练习：请改正下列句子中的语法错误。 playing 1. My favorite sport is play football. to work 2. His parents wanted him work hard. walking 3. I saw him walked into the building. living 4.

8、There are four girls live in that house. 03 宾宾语语 Object 宾语宾语Object 宾语 (object) 是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者， 一般放在及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。 (1) 在及物动词之后（动宾结构） I love you. (2) 在动词短语之后 He took off his shoes. (3) 在介词之后（介宾结构） We are in the house. (4) 某些形容词可以接宾语 The book is worth reading. 宾语宾语Object 宾语 (object) 由名词、代词或相当于名词的成分

9、来充当。 (1) 名词作宾语 She is playing the piano now. (2) 代词作宾语 We all like him. (3) 数词作宾语 Give me five. 宾语宾语Object 宾语 (object) 由名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。 (4) 不定式作宾语 I would like to help you. (5) 动名词作宾语 We all like reading. (6) 从句作宾语 I think he is right. 【注意】 一个句子可以包含多个宾语。 练习：请找出下列句子的宾语。 【2013阅读】 1.Some profound em

10、ptiness might result from cancelling it for a day. 2.Nearly one-in-five people currently in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday. 3.It has what nutritionists like to call “biological plausibility”. 04 表表语语 Predicative 表语表语Predicative 表语 (predicative) 用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特 征和状态，放在连系动词连系动词(be, 感官动

11、词等感官动词等) 之后。 You are right. The rose smells great. It sounds interesting. 表语表语Predicative 表语 (predicative) 常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。 (1) 名词作表语 He is a Canadian. (2) 形容词作表语 I feel good today. (3) 代词作表语 It will be something special. 表语表语Predicative 表语 (predicative) 常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。 (4) 数词作表语 Two plus t

12、wo is four. (5) 动名词作表语 My hobby is reading. (6) 介词短语作表语 Some wild animals are in danger. 表语表语Predicative 表语 (predicative) 由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。 (7) 副词作表语 The sun is up. (8) 从句作表语 This is what I mean. (9) 不定式短语作表语 Her dream is to be a singer. 练习：请找出下列句子的表语。 【2015阅读】 1. Cheating seems to encourage creat

13、ivity. 2. Dad, the house is on fire! Marcos cried. 3. The problem is that many of these boring courses are usually fundamental courses. 05 补补语语 Complement 补语补语Complement 补语 (complement) 最常见的是宾语补足宾语补足语语 (object complement)，通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语宾语进行补充说明补充说明。 宾补由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式等充当。 (3) 分词作宾补 I hear her si

14、nging. I had my hair cut. (1) 形容词作宾补 I find you beautiful. (2) 名词作宾补 I consider him a liar. 补语补语Complement 补语 (complement) 最常见的是宾语补足语（宾补）宾语补足语（宾补），通常紧 跟在宾语之后，对宾语宾语进行补充说明补充说明。 宾补由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式等充当。 (6) 副词作宾补 I found him out. (4) 不定式作宾补 I asked him to leave. (5) 介词短语作宾补 I found him at home. 练习：请

15、找出下列句子的宾补。 【2015阅读】 1. they heard someone yelling outside. 2. An employees web-portal allows employees to compete against each other in work-related video games. 06 定定语语 Attribute 定语定语Attribute 定语 (attribute) 是对名词名词或代词代词起修饰作用修饰作用的词、短语或句子， 主要由形容词形容词充当，名词、代词、副词、介词短语等也都可以作定语。 (1) 形容词作定语 I like the beau

16、tiful dress. (2) 名词作定语 I ate a cheese cake. (3) 代词/名词所有格作定语 My brother loves Toms painting. 定语定语Attribute 定语 (attribute) 是对名词名词或代词代词起修饰作用修饰作用的词、短语或句子， 主要由形容词形容词充当，名词、代词、副词、介词短语等也都可以作定语。 (4) 副词作定语 The boy there is my little brother. (5) 介词短语作定语 The boy in blue is my little brother. (6) 不定式作定语 The boy

17、 to write this letter needs a pen. 定语定语Attribute 定语 (attribute) 是对名词名词或代词代词起修饰作用修饰作用的词、短语或句子， 主要由形容词形容词充当，名词、代词、副词、介词短语等也都可以作定语。 (7) 分词（短语）作定语 The boy passing by is my little brother. (8) 从句作定语 This is the day which Ill never forget. 定语定语Attribute 定语 (attribute) 的位置分为两种 (1) 前置定语：定语在所修饰的词之前 an intere

18、sting little red French oil painting (2) 后置定语：定语在所修饰的词之后 短语作定语 a basket full of eggs the boy sitting there 定语定语Attribute (2) 后置定语：定语在所修饰的词之后 复合不定代词(由some-, any-, no-, every-加上-one, - body, -thing, -where, -time所组成的不定代词)作定语 Let me show you something funny. 副词作定语 The people here are very friendly. 起强调

19、作用的单个分词作定语 All the people involved should stay here. 练习：请找出下列句子的定语。 【2015高中】 1. He immediately replied with an emphatic“YES”to the request that he attend the public hearing. 2. They are buying only the ones that hit them like an arrow through the heart. 07 状状语语 Adverbial 状语状语Adverbial 状语 (adverbial)

20、 是说明时间、地点、方式等状态时间、地点、方式等状态的成分， 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等。 Surprisingly, we won. I met Lucy in a restaurant last week. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset. 状语状语Adverbial 状语 (adverbial) 一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不 定式等充当。 (1) 副词作状语 Soon the lost boy found his way back home. (2) 不定式作状语 He made great efforts to realize

21、 his dream. (3) 介词短语作状语 The boy was praised for his bravery. 状语状语Adverbial 状语 (adverbial) 一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不 定式等充当。 (4) 从句作状语 If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. (5) 分词作状语 Feeling tired, I went to bed early. 1. Unlike most states, Virginia has never adopted the Common Core St

22、ate Standards. 2.When his cancer went into remission in 1993, he decided he would carry out his plan anyway. 练习：请找出下列句子的状语。 【2017&2016 阅读】 08 同位同位语语 Appositive 同位语同位语Apposition 一个名词 (或短语) 对另一个名词(或短语) 进行解释或补充说明， 这个名词 (或短语) 就是同位语 (apposition)。 My friend Sue is a writer. The US president, Donald Trump, tweeted a lot. 练习：请找出下列句子的同位语。 【2017阅读】 1.Taylor Swift, the seven-time Grammy winner, is known for her articulate lyrics 2. In the words of former President Richard Nixon:“.” 谢谢观谢谢观看看 下节课再下节课再见见