1、初中英语句子成分 知识详解 什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、 定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 主语 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、 代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如： The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 主语位于谓语动词之前 谓语 2.谓语：说明主语的动作或
2、状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词 充当。 He works in a factory. I felt cold. I can speak English. They are working in a field. I have done the work. He will come here tomorrow morning. 谓语部分的划分要把时态、被动语态、情态动词和否定词归入进去。 宾语 3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式 及动名词等充当。如： He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this mornin
3、g.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词) 宾语位于及物动词后面 宾语 宾语位于介词后面 He looked after me when I was ill. There is a dog behind him. 表语 它的位置在系动词后面。 系动词 + 表语 = 系表结构 系表结构是用来描述主语的属性特点、状态的。 You look young. My father is a teacher. I feel terrible. 1. be 系动词 2. 感官动词 feel, see, look, soun
4、d, hear, taste. 3. 渐变动词 get, turn, become, 表语 表语-系表结构-系动词 系表结构是用来描述主语的属性特点、状态的。 They are workers.(名词) Two and three is five.(数词) The story is very interesting.(形容词) My job is teaching English.(动名词) She is at home.(介词短语) I feel terrible.(形容词) The dish tastes delicious.(形容词) 定语 定语用来修饰限定名词或代词。定语的位置很灵活，
5、凡是有名词、 代词的地方都可以有定语。如： The black bike is mine. Whats your name? They made some paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three. The tall boy who is standing there is Peter. What about something to drink? 前置定语-后置定语 状语 状语用来表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等， 1状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。 2状语分为时间状语，地点状语，目的状语，方式状语，条件状 语，程度状语，原因状语，结果状语，伴随状语等。 He did it carefully.方式状语 They missed me very much.程度状语 Without his help, we couldnt work it out.条件状语 In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.目的状语 When I was young, I could swim well.时间状语
