（新教材）人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 4 泛读 技能初养成 教材讲解 .doc

1、1 阅读教材 P44课文，选择最佳答案。 1How does the writer know what is going on in the students minds? ABy asking them questions. BBy having oneonone conversations. CBy watching their body language. DBy learning about their habits. 2How did the students feel when they lean forward and look at the writer? AConfused.

2、BInterested. CSurprised.DBored. 3What do students usually do when they are worried? AHave their arms crossed. BHave their legs closed. CWear a frown. DBrush their hair. 答案13CBC Words and Phrases 知识要点 1 assessment n. 评价；评定 (教材 P40)We make assessments and inferences from body language. 我们从肢体语言进行评估和推断。

3、 例 1What is your assessment of the situation? 你对时局的看法如何？ 例 2There is little assessment of the damage to the natural environment. 几乎没对自然环境破坏程度作出评估。 知识拓展 assess vt.评估；评定 assess sth.at评估某物(多少钱) 2 be assessed as.被评定为 assess从句评定；估定 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 After the flood, they assessed the loss at 10 million yua

4、n. Many of the adults were assessed (assess)as having learning difficulties. The government will make a strict assessment (assess)of the food safety. 这是对失败原因的分析评估。 This was an assessment of the reasons for the failure. 小片段填空 We have also found that a team doing its own self assessment, rather than b

5、eing assessed by those outside the team, is highly effective. 我们还发现进行自我评估的， 而不是接受团队外的人评估的团队是十分高效 的。 知识要点 2 in other words 换句话说；也就是说 (教材 P43)In other words.换句话说 例 1In other words, she must give up singing. 换言之， 她必须放弃唱歌。 例 2In other words, the ice begins to melt. 换句话说， 冰开始融化了。 知识拓展 in a/one word总而言之 h

6、ave a word with sb.与某人说(私)话 have words with sb.与某人吵架 keep/break ones word遵守诺言/失信 beyond words无法用言语表达 in words用语言 word came that.有消息说 即学即练完成句子 总之，成功很重要，失败也很重要，因为它是成功之母。 In a/one word, success is important, and so is failure, because its the mother of 3 success. 有消息说中国女足在世界杯比赛中获得第二名。 Word came that th

7、e Chinese Women Football Team won the second prize in World Cup. 我无法用言语来表达我的情感。 I cant convey my feelings in words 换句话说， 他成了一位伟大的英雄。 He became, in other words, a great hero. 小片段填空 He is such a man that he cant always keep his word, in other words, he always breaks his word, because of which his frie

8、nds often have words with him. 他是这样的一个人，总是不能遵守诺言。换句话说，他总是食言，正是因为 如此，他的朋友们经常和他吵架。 名师点津 (1)与in other words意思相同的表达有： namely, that is, that is to say, in another word。 (2)word 表示言辞、语言时通常用复数 words；表示新闻、消息时是不可数 名词。 知识要点 3 occupy vt.占据；占用 (教材 P44)With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by s

9、taring out of the window or up at the ceiling. 双手托着下巴，他们专心于盯着窗外或天花板。 例 1Mr.White occupies an important position in the Ministry of Education. 怀特先生在教育部里担任要职。 例 2He occupied himself in collecting stamps. 他忙于集邮。 知识拓展 (1)be occupied in doing sth./with sth. 忙于做某事 occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于

10、某事；专心于某事 4 keep sb.occupied使某人忙碌 (2)occupation n.占用；职业 即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译 Occupied with his homework, he cant go out to play football. She needs things to keep her occupied(occupy)so she doesnt get into trouble. 我进来时，那个男孩正忙着做作业。 When I came in, the boy was occupied (in) doing his homework.When I came i

11、n, the boy was occupied with his homework. 小片段填空 When the enemy occupied the city, the scientist was occupying himself in doing his research.In fact, he had been occupied with the research for many days. 当敌人占领这座城市时，这位科学家正忙于做他的研究。事实上，他专心于 这项研究已经有好几天了。 知识要点 4 distinguish vi.& vt.区分；区别；辨别 (教材 P44)While

12、 it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. 尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉 的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。 例 1We can distinguish between gold and silver. 我们能区分金和银。 例 2He distinguished himself in physics. 他

13、在物理方面享有盛名。 知识拓展 (1)distinguish between.and. 区分/辨别和 distinguish.from.使有别于的特征； 区别/辨别和 distinguish oneself by.通过显示自己或使自己扬名 distinguish oneself for.因而出名 distinguish oneself (as.)(作为)表现突出 5 (2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for.因而出名 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 My brother is a most distinguished(disti

14、nguish)mana great actor. 她以清晰地表达她的思想的能力而著称。 She was distinguished for her ability to make her ideas clear. 这个人因其在治疗癌症方面有了重大突破而扬名。 The man distinguished himself for a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. 真正的成年人能辨别出什么是该做的事和什么是想做的事。 True adults are able to distinguish between what they have t

15、o do and what they want to do. 这种成年鸟很容易根据橘黄色的喙识别出来。 The adult bird can be easily distinguished by its orange beak. 知识要点 5 (教材 P44)They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed. 他们也可能用手掩面，就像他们感到尴尬或羞愧一样。 (1)embarrassed adj.尴尬的；难堪的 例 1Aparrot can sometimes make you

16、embarrassed 鹦鹉有时候会让人很尴尬。 例 2He became embarrassed when a journalist asked him pointed questions about his finances. 一名记者对他的经济情况接连提出尖锐的问题，他很是尴尬。 知识拓展 (1)be/feel embarrassed to do sth. 对做某事感到尴尬 be/feel embarrassed about/at sth. 对某事感到难为情/不知所措 (2)embarrass vt.使难堪，使局促不安 embarrassing adj.令人难堪的 6 embarrass

17、ment n.难堪，困窘 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 Much to his embarrassment (embarrass), the captain made a duck in each innings. He was embarrassed to admit (admit)making a mistake. His speech was followed by an embarrassing (embarrass)silence. 我为自己的错误感到不好意思。 I felt so embarrassed about my mistake. (2)ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧

18、 例 1Her husband felt ashamed at her behaviour. 她丈夫为她的行为感到害臊。 例 2He felt very much ashamed whenever he encountered any of his old mates. 每当遇到老相识时，他总是感到很难为情。 知识拓展 (1)be ashamed of (doing)sth. 因(做了)某事而感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth.耻于做；因难为情而不愿做 be ashamed that.对感到内疚 (2)shame n.羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事 Its a shame that.真让

19、人遗憾 What a shame/pity!真可惜！ 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 She was ashamed to ask (ask)such a simple question. You should be ashamed of having told a lie to her. 真可惜！这一轮她竟然败下来了。 What a shame! She should fail this round. 他羞愧地用手把脸蒙住。 He was so ashamed that he hid his face in his hands. 小片段填空 7 Dont be ashamed of spea

20、king poor English.Dont be ashamed of being laughed at.Dont be ashamed of being stared at.The only real shame is that you never open your mouth. 不要羞于说破烂英语，不要羞于被人嘲笑，不要羞于被人注视，唯一应该羞 耻的是你从不开口说。 图形助记shame 家族大集合 知识要点 6 call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请 (教材 P44)Some students act this way merely because they ar

21、e afraid of being called on by the teacher. 有些学生这样做只是因为他们害怕老师叫他们。 例 1I like that you should call onme frequently. 我喜欢你经常来拜访我。 例 2He called on his friends to help him. 他向他的朋友求助。 知识拓展 call back召唤某人回来；回电话 call for要求；需要；接(某人) call in请来；召集 call off取消 call up给打电话；(使)回忆起； 征召入伍 即学即练完成句子 光阴一去不复返。 Time past c

22、annot be called back again. 当我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。 When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. 足球赛为什么取消？ 8 Why was the football match called off? 他们呼吁人们采取措施来抵制它。 They call on people to take measures to fight against it. 知识要点 7 bother vi.& vt. 费心；麻烦；因操心 n.麻烦；不

23、便 (教材 P44)However, if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping, then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work. 但是，如果一个学生都懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断 她遇到了更严重的问题。 例 1Thank you, but please dont bother 谢谢， 但请你不要费事了。 例 2What a bother! Weve missed the bus. 真恼人！我们错过

24、了公交车。 知识拓展 (1)bother sb.with sth.因某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother to do/doing sth.操心做某事 it bothers sb.that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是 Dont bother.不用费心了。 (2)put sb.to any bother给某人添乱/让某人心烦 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 I didnt want to put you to any bother. It really bothered me that hed forgotten my birthday. You neednt bother to come(

25、come)to my office. 我小睡的时候不要打扰我。 Dont bother me while I am taking my nap. 知识要点 8 conflict n矛盾；冲突vi.冲突；抵触 (教材 P44)It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home. 可能是她和其他学生或在家里发生了严重的冲突。 例 1It is not surprising that such a view has led to very considerable 9 conflict 这样的

26、一种观点引起很大的分歧是不足为怪的。 例 2Do British immigration laws conflict with any international laws? 英国的移民法与国际法有抵触吗？ 知识拓展 (1)in conflict with与冲突/与矛盾 come into conflict with与冲突/与矛盾 (2)conflict with与矛盾/冲突 即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译 Your statement is in conflict with the rest of the evidence. She had often come into conflict

27、with her husband. 他很谨慎，尽量避免与妻子发生冲突。 He is so cautious that he tries not to conflict with his wife.He is so cautious that he tries not to come into conflict with his wife. He is so cautious that he tries not to be in conflict with his wife. 知识要点 9 adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯 (教材 P44)Their body l

28、anguage lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually. 他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候调整课堂活动，什么时候进行干预，什么 时候与学生单独交谈 例 1Adjust your language to the age of your audience. 要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。 例 2You will quickly adjust yourself to student life. 你将很快适应学生生活。 知识拓展

29、(1)adjust sth.to sth.调整以适应 adjust to (doing)sth.适应/习惯(做)某事 adjust oneself to.使自己适应 (2)adjustable adj.可调节的；可调整的 (3)adjustment n.调整；调节 10 make adjustments to对做出调整 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 We must make some adjustments (adjust)to our original plan because of emergencies. It took her a while to adjust to living

30、(live)alone. 我们必须使我们自己尽快适应新生活。 We must adjust ourselves to the new life as soon as possible. 她调整座椅到适合儿子的高度。 She adjusted the seat to the height of her son. 小片段填空 School adjustment is a process that students try to adjust to the school life actively, finish study successfully, develop their personali

31、ty well, and carry out the purpose of education. 学校适应是学生主动适应学校生活，顺利完成学业、发展个性、实现学校教 育目的的过程。 Sentence Patterns 重点句式 1 部分否定 (教材 P44)Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class. 当然，并不是每个抬头看的人上课都专心。 句式分析：句中 not everyone. everyone.not.，意为“并非每个人 都”，为部分否定。 例 1Not everyone in the world w

32、ill be kind and caring towards you. 并非世上每个人都会对你友善关心。 例 2Unsurprisingly, not everyone agrees that things are better. 不出所料，并非人人都认同情况有所好转。 知识拓展 (1)当 not 与 all，both，everyone，everything，everywhere 等词连用时为部分 否定，意为“并不都”。 (2)当 not 与 any， anyone， anywhere， anything 连用或出现 no， nothing， nobody， nowhere，none 时是完全

33、否定。 11 即学即练完成句子/句型转换 我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观故宫博物馆。 Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. 答案都不对。 None of the answers is right. 我实在不愿把实情告诉你，但并非人人都像你那样诚实。 I hate to tell you the truth, but not everyone is as honest as you 并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。 Every boy is not interested

34、in sports. Not every boy is interested in sports. 重点句式 2 as though 引导表语从句 (教材 P44)It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open. 他们好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。 句式分析：句中 as though 意为“仿佛；好像”，引导的是表语从句。 例 1It sounds as though there is a knock at the door 听起来好像有人在敲门。 例 2It seems as though it was spring already 现在好像是

35、春天了。 知识拓展 (1)as though/if 意为“仿佛；好像”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。 (2)as though/if 后面的从句可用虚拟语气，表示一种假设或不大可能的事。 从句表示与现在事实相反时，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反时， 用 had过去分词；表示将来的可能性不大的情况时，用 would/could/might动 词原形。 (3)从句的省略：若 as though/if 引导的从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句 谓语为 be，则省略“从句主语be”，从句就变成了“as though/if形容词/副 词/名词/介宾短语/分词/不定式”。 即学即练单句语法填空/完

36、成句子 He talks about Rome as if he had been(be)there before. 12 Tom raised his hand as if (he was)to say(say)something. 她说了又说好像永远停不下来。 She talks and talks as if/though she would never stop 这个男孩好像迷路了。 It seems as though the boy has lost his way 逻辑推断题 逻辑推断题主要考查学生根据全篇、全段、上下文逻辑关系，结合相关信息 的暗示，准确理解文章寓意或隐含的深层

37、意义的能力。 例文 But this summer I find myself at a loss.Im not quite interested in Balzac, say, or “ Tristram Shandy ” Theres always War and Peace, which Ive covered some distance several times, only to get bogged down in the “War” part, set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to start over from

38、 the beginning again, having forgotten everyones name and social rank. How appealing to simply fall back on a favoriteonce more into “The Waves” or “Justine” ， which feels almost like cheating，too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature. Why does the author say reading his

39、 favorite books feels like cheating? AHe finishes them quickly. BHe should read something serious. CHe barely understands them. DHe has read them many times before. 解题关键 (1)抓与之相关的关键信息，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义。 (2)根据上下文逻辑关系，进行实事求是的判断，得出合乎逻辑的结论，而 不是仅仅根据自己的经验、观点或爱好进行判断。 解题思路 Step 1：确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字) 13 Step

40、 2：根据关键词定位信息句(中句) Step 3：尝试解答根据信息句可知，作者再次读到自己最喜欢的书时， 感到非常刺激和兴奋。同时感觉自己兴奋的心情与严肃的作品不适合，所以这时 候会有 cheating 的感觉，认为自己应该读一些严肃的东西。故选 B。 针对性练习 I started out in life with few advantages.I did not graduate from high school.I worked at menial(不体面的)jobs.I had limited education, limited skills and a limited future

41、. And then I began asking,“ Why are some people more successful than others？” This question changed my life. Over the years, I have read thousands of books and articles on the subjects of success and achievement(成就).It seems that the reasons for these accomplishments have been discussed and written

42、about for more than two thousand years, in every possible way.One quality that most philosophers, teachers and experts agree on is the importance of selfdiscipline(自律).As Al Tomsik summarized it years ago,“Success is tons of discipline.” Some years ago, I attended a conference in Washington.It was t

43、he lunch break and I was eating at a nearby food fair.The area was crowded and I sat down at the last open table by myself, even though it was a table for four.A few minutes later, an older gentleman and a younger woman who was his assistant came along carrying trays of food, obviously looking for a

44、 place to sit.With plenty of room at my table, I immediately arose and invited the older gentleman to join me.He was hesitant, but I insisted.Finally, thanking me as he sat down, we began to chat over lunch. It turned out that his name was Kop Kopmeyer.As it happened, I immediately knew who he was.H

45、e was a legend in the field of success and achievement.Kop Kopmeyer had written four large books, each of which contained 250 success principles that he had obtained from more than fifty years of research and study.I had read all four books from cover to cover, more than once. After we had chatted f

46、or a while, I asked him the question that many people in this situation would ask, “Of all the one thousand success principles that you have discovered, which do you think is the most important？” He smiled at me with a twinkle in his eye, as if he had been asked this question 14 many times, and repl

47、ied, without hesitating,“The most important success principle of all was stated by Thomas Huxley many years ago.He said， Do what you should do, when you should do it, whether you feel like it or not. ” He went on to say, “There are 999 other success principles that I have found in my reading and exp

48、erience, but without selfdiscipline, none of them work.” 1Why did the writer ask the question in Paragraph 2? ABecause he wasnt satisfied with himself. BBecause he was a person of selfdiscipline. CBecause he disliked those successful people. DBecause he wanted to share his idea on success. 2What mad

49、e the writer invite the older gentleman to join him? AHis great kindness. BThe gentlemans fame. CHis eagerness for success. DThe gentlemans good manners. 3What are the four large books about? APersonal changes. BThe secret of success. CSayings of wisdom. DThe gentlemans legend. 1A根据第一段“I started out

50、 in life with few advantages.I did not graduate from high school.I worked at menial(不体面的)jobs.I had limited education, limited skills and a limited future.”可知，在第二段，作者问这个问题是因为他对自己不 满意，故选 A。 2A根据第四段“With plenty of room at my table, I immediately arose and invited the older gentleman to join me.He was