（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语选择性必修一Unit 1 Food matters 讲义（下）.docx

1、成就孩子 成就自己北辰教育教学管理部 1 课文语法填空课文语法填空 根据 P2-3 教材课文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whenever I feel unhappy, rice pudding cheers 1.(I) up. Rice pudding 2.(illustrate) the unique power of comfort food, which refers to any food 3.makes us feel better or makes up for bad feelings by 4. (help) us recall what we

2、love. Our comfort foods vary from person to person, depending 5._ our own unique experiences shaping our lives. The feeling of 6.(happy )and sense of belonging are important for people who move away from their home country. It is hardest 7.(give) up the food that they grow up with. One mouthful of c

3、omfort food takes us back to our 8.(culture) roots, giving us the taste of home and 9. (relieve) feelings of homesickness. Comfort food is not only a bowl of noodles or chicken soup, 10.food for the soul. 【答案】【答案】1. me2. illustrates3. that4. helping5. on/upon6. happiness7. to give8. cultural 9. reli

4、eving10. but 语言知识初探语言知识初探 I. 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 14. _ vt. 提高，增强_ n. 提高 15. _ vt. enhancement15. impress; impression; impressive 16. adorable; adore; adoration17. mild; mildly; mildness 18. foggy; fog19. expand; expansion; expansive; expansively 20. multiple: multiply21. consume; consumer; consumption

5、22. innovation: innovate; innovative23. stimulate; stimulation; stimulative 24. emphasis; emphasize25. mixture: mix 成就孩子 成就自己北辰教育教学管理部 2 19. _ vt. consume ones fortune 挥霍其财产 They consumed what was left in the fridge. 他们把冰箱里剩下的都吃光了。 The hotel was quickly consumed by the big fire. 这个旅馆很快被大火吞噬了。 归纳拓展词性

6、转换 consumern. C 消费者；用户，客户 consumptionn. U 消费（量），消耗（量） time/energy-consumingadj. 耗时的/耗能的 【即时巩固即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. The tree is estimated _(be) at least 700 years old. Her speech to party members was not intended for public _(consume).她对党员的讲话并不打算公诸大众。她对党员的讲话并不打算公诸大众。 【答案】【答案】1. to be2. consumption 知识要点 6app

7、etiten. 食欲，胃口；渴望, 爱好 (教材 P12) The concept tool off, and today Guangzhous restaurants stimulate customers appetite with over a thousand offerings, each more delicate and delicious than the last. 这个观念流行起来， 如今广州各家餐厅用一千多 种点心使食客们胃口大开，一道更比一道精致、美味。 【用法详解】【用法详解】have a good/bad appetite 胃口好/坏 develop an appe

8、tite for .提起胃口 lose ones appetite =have no appetite 没胃口 spoil/ruin ones appetite 破坏食欲 have an appetite for sth. 爱好某物，对某物有欲望 如：He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite. 他患有头痛和食欲不振。 The walk gave me a good appetite. 散步使我胃口大开。 Dont spoil your appetite by eating between meals. 不要在两餐之间吃东西，以免影响胃口。

9、He has an appetite for reading. 他喜欢看书。 成就孩子 成就自己北辰教育教学管理部 5 知识要点 7fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃破碎，破裂；崩溃 (教材 P13) Dont overfill the dumplings，or they will fall apart when you boil them. 不要把饺子包得太满不要把饺子包得太满，否则煮否则煮 的时候它们会散开。的时候它们会散开。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】apart 构成的其他相关短语： take sth. apart将拆开，拆分 tell sb./sth. apart分辨出，把区分开来

10、set sb./sth. apart使突出；与众不同 apart from . 除外（别无他物）；除外（尚有） 如：We had to take the table apart and reassemble it upstairs. 我们只好先把桌子拆开，到楼上再组装起来。 Free range and battery eggs, boiled for four minutes, were hard to tell apart. 柴鸡蛋和笼养鸡蛋在煮过 4 分钟之后很难区分。 They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and

11、 will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future. 它们带着独特的永恒魅力，可能在未来的几个世纪里都会受到人们的喜爱。 Ive finished all the questions apart from/except the last one. 除了最后一道题，我全做完了。 Apart from/Besides their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain. 他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。 【即时巩固即时巩固】翻译句子 1. 他有一副低沉的嗓音，这使他

12、在我们这个小镇上与众不同。 He had a deep voice, which _ from others in our small town. 2. 罗德喜欢拆钟。然而，他再也没能把它们拼在一起。 Rod loves _. However，he never manages to put them together again. 3. 你可以从我脸上的这个记号分辨出我和我的双胞胎弟弟。 You can _ my twin brother and me _ by this mark on my face. 【答案】【答案】1. set him apart2. taking clocks apa

13、rt3. tell, apart 小试身手（小试身手（1）-翻译句子翻译句子 1. 他的真诚打动了她。 He impressed her with his sincerity. 2. 据估计，到 2025 年为止，全国将有 2 000 多万辆共享单车投入运营。 It is estimated that more than 20 million shared bikes will have been put into operation nationwide by 2025. 3. 我的学校已经发展成一所大学校，是以前的三倍大。 My school has expanded into a big

14、 one, which is three times as big as the previous one. 4. 对于这个工作，经验是非常重要的。（essential） Experience is essential for this job. 5. 人们强调学校为道德价值观的传输者。（emphasis） Emphasis was placed on the school as a transmitter of moral values. 成就孩子 成就自己北辰教育教学管理部 6 (教材 P11) They are believed to have started off in the la

15、te Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. 据说四川火锅出现于晚清时期，是长江上的船夫在寒冷潮湿的冬季 保暖的一种方式。 【句式剖析句式剖析】本句属于“主语be believed动词不定式（短语）”结构，意为“被认为是”，后面的 to keep warm during the cold and wet winters 为动词不定式短语作后置定语。 【考点提炼考点提炼】“主语be believed动词不定式（短语）”句型。该句型的具体

16、用法为： （1）该结构意为“被认为是”，动词不定式（短语）根据需要有时态和语态的变化，即： be believed + to do（表示一般情况或动作将要发生） to be doing（表示动作正在进行） to have done（表示动作已完成） to be done（表示被动且动作将要发生） to have been done（表示被动且动作已完成） 如：The vase is believed to be worth lots of money. 人们认为这个花瓶值许多钱。 Chinese is believed to be used even more widely in the fu

17、ture world. 人们认为汉语在未来世界的使用将会更加广泛。 Loulan is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms hundreds of years ago. 人们认为，楼兰在数百年前被沙尘暴渐渐吞没。 （2）该句型可与“Its believed that .”互换。如： 他被认为是一位博学、谦逊的学者。 He is believed to be a learned and modest scholar. =Its believed that he is a learned and modest sch

18、olar. （3）常用于该句型的过去分词还有 said, thought, considered, hoped, reported 等。如： 我很多年没有见到杰克了。据说，他现在在中国居住。 I havent seen Jack for many years. He is said to be living in China now. =I havent seen Jack for many years. Its said that he is living in China now. 【即时巩固即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. The intense fighting is reported _

19、(claim) many lives.据报道激烈的战斗导致很多人丧生。据报道激烈的战斗导致很多人丧生。 2. The Queen is believed _(earn) somewhere between seven million and one hundred million pounds 【答案】【答案】1. to have claimed2. to earn 单元重点语法单元重点语法动词不定式作主语和表语动词不定式作主语和表语 （一）动词不定式作主语（一）动词不定式作主语 1. 构成与特点构成与特点 动词不定式的基本形式为：to动词原形动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带 to）。 动词不定

20、式没有人称和数的变化在，句中不可作谓语。动词不定式仍保留着动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语 成就孩子 成就自己北辰教育教学管理部 7 和状语，并有时态和语态变化有时态和语态变化。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以作主语主语、宾语宾语、表语表语、 （后置后置）定语定语、宾语补足语宾语补足语和状语状语。动词不定式的各种时态、语态变化如下: 形式形式 语态语态 主动主动语态语态被动被动语态语态 时态时态 一般式一般式to doto be done 完成式完成式to have doneto have been done 进行式进行式to be doing/ 完成进行式完成进行式to hav

21、e been doing/ 一般式一般式 动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作或状态，与句中谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生同时发生，或在之后之后发生 （表将来将来）。 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者（即动宾关系动宾关系）时，不定式一般要用被动式被动式（to be done） 。 如： He seemed to be tired.（同时） We expect her to come.（之后）（=We expect that she will come.） 进行式进行式 动词不定式的进行式表示不定式动作正在进行正在进行，或与谓语的动作同时发生同时发生。如： They seemed to b

22、e talking about something important.“似乎正在讨论” 完成式完成式 如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上表 示被动含义，就用完成被动式（to have been done）。如： He was said to have written a novel about the Long March. 又如：她说过，她遇见了你，感到很高兴。（过去见过面） She said she was happy to have met you. 她说过， 她很高兴同你见面。（将要见面或见面时就感到高兴） She sai

23、d she was happy to meet you. 2. 用法用法 A. 作主语 如：例 1To do the job well is not easy. 要把这项工作做好并不容易。（表示具体的情况） =It is not easy (for us) to do the job well. 例 2To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 例 3To give is better than to receive. 奉献比索取好。 注意由以上例句可知，动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性动作具体的或一次性动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态有时态和语态 的变化的变化，且谓语动

24、词常用单数单数。 提醒很多情况下，作主语的动词不定式都可以用动名词替代，但表示某些具体情况，或表示强烈的对 比，或在某些固定说法中时，通常不用动名词替代，如例 2 和例 3。 不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语作形式主语，而把真正的主语 即不定式放在后面，构成以下结构： (1)It is/was + adj. + (of/for sb. 不定式的逻辑主语) + to do . 成就孩子 成就自己北辰教育教学管理部 8 (2)It is/was + a/an+名词 + (for sb.) + to do . 如：It is/was + a pity/a shame 遗憾，她失掉比

25、赛/a pleasure同你一起工作/ones duty/an honor/ + (for sb.) + to do . (3)It takes/took (sb.) + time/courage/patience/ 抽象名词 + to do . (4)It makes/made sb. + adj. + to do . 如：It takes ten years to grow trees, but a hundred years to rear people.谚 十年树木，百年树人。 It made me relaxed to know that I have passed the exam

26、. 知道我通过了考试，我感到轻松无比。 注意反射不定式 如：English is hard to learn.To learn English is hard.It is hard to learn English. 此句为“主系表”结构+不定式结构构成，不定式 to learn 的逻辑宾语是句子的主语 English（反射到句 子主语上），此时，不定式： (1)不定式要有及物性不定式要有及物性（to+vt.或或 to+vi.+介）介）； (2)用主动形式；用主动形式； (3)不定式后不再跟宾语。不定式后不再跟宾语。 （一）动词不定式作表语（一）动词不定式作表语 不定式作表语，可以说明主语的具

27、体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等，其 主语通常为 task, aim, purpose, wish, hope, dream, duty, job, plan, choice, intention, decision, problem 等名词，或 是 what 引导的名词性从句。不定式作表语时，主语和表语有时可以调换位置，其意思不变。如： Alawyers duty is to act in the best interest of his clients. 律师的职责就是代表客户的最大利益行事。 The important thing is to save liv

28、es. 救人要紧。 My wish is to write good book for children. 我的愿望是为孩子们写一本好书。 The man seems to be from the south. 那人好像来自南方。 Our task is to build the highway. 我们的任务是修建这条公路。 小试身手（小试身手（2）-单句语法填空单句语法填空 1. It is important for children _(expose) more good books. 2. Its standard practice for a company like this on

29、e _(employ) a security officer. 3. The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult _(tell) one from the other. 4. This machine is very easy(operate).Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.（反射不定式反射不定式） 5. Today my job at home is _(wash) clothes and my fathers is _(cook) dinner. 【答案答

30、案】1. to be exposed to2. to employ3. to tell4. to operate5. to wash; to cook . 单句语法填空单句语法填空 （一）单词拼写 1. He is a man of m_ interests, so he always has fun weekends. 成就孩子 成就自己北辰教育教学管理部 9 2.Achilds vocabulary e_ through extensive reading. 3. Obviously, the boy noticed his shoelace come l_, but he decided

31、 to ignore it. 4. No matter how p_ and boring today is, it is at the mercy of our hands. 5.After playing football for an hour, he stopped and drank a large glass of water with a s_ of lemon. 6. I didnt feel that this was a(n) _ (合适的) time to mention the subject. 7. It is _ (估计) that 80 of all conver

32、sation in English is small talk. 8. Dont allow your kid to spoil his _(胃口) by eating between meals. 9.Alaw often results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and _ (所有权). 10. Most of the transparent animals are extremely _(娇弱的) and can be damaged by simple touch. 【答案答案】1.

33、multiple2. expands3. loose4. plain5. slice6. appropriate7. estimated 8. appetite9. property10. delicate （二）单句语法 1.A_(slice) loaf and an egg are far from enough for the young man. 2. The close football match had the audience on _ edge of their seats. 3. He had a very strong figure, which set him _ fr

34、om others in our small town. 4. The use of films and multimedia is intended _(stimulate) students interest in a subject. 5. It is _(appropriate) to wear white at a wedding celebration because it is the traditional colour for funerals. 6. Its common sense that gas and oil _(consume) always increases

35、in cold winter. 7. The middle-aged man regretted _(consume) the best years of his life in prison. 8. It is _(essence) for high-new technology enterprises to strengthen competitive power. 9. We can not put enough _(emphasize) on the importance of protecting the environment. 10. When expecting the res

36、ults of the exam, she felt a strange _(mix) of excitement and fear. 【答案答案】1. sliced2. the3. apart4. to stimulate5. inappropriate6. consumption 7. consuming/having consumed8. essential9. Emphasis10. mixture II. 阅读理解阅读理解 A Amazing Scientists Who Happen to Be Teenagers Weve got a list of teen scientist

37、s from a variety of fields. JackAndraka Jack Andraka created a biosensor(生物传感器) for cancer that he says is 168 times faster, 26, 667 times less expensive and 400 times more sensitive than technology nowadays. Hes the youngest person to have spoken in front of the Royal Society of Medicine. Taylor Wi

38、lson Taylor Wilson was the youngest person to achieve nuclear fusion (核聚变). He was inspired by The Radioactive Boy Scout, a novel in which a kid tries and fails to build a nuclear reactor. Taylor thought he could do better. Long story short, he wanted to build a small nuclear reactor. And he did it

39、at the 成就孩子 成就自己北辰教育教学管理部 10 age of fourteen. He received a Thiel Fellowship, which gave him $100,000 to work on his own research. Sara Volz Sara Volz performed experiments in which she grew algae(藻类) based on their oil output for the purpose of growing them as biofuel(生物燃料). This research is especi

40、ally important as the world continues to search for a way to lessen our dependence on non-renewable energy. She won the top prize of $100,000 in the Intel Science Talent Search. Daniel Burd Plastic(塑料) usually takes thousands of years to decompose(降解), but this high school student Daniel Burd manage

41、d to do it in three months. In an experiment, he mixed plastic bags and a special kind of dirt together, and found that they did decompose faster. He then performed tests to find the bacteria (细菌) responsible for decomposing the plastics. His solution only produces water and small amounts of carbon

42、dioxide. He says it could easily be used elsewhere. 56. Who designed a medical instrument? A. Sara VolzB. Daniel BurdC. JackAndrakaD. Taylor Wilson 57. What excited Taylor Wilsons interest in his invention? A.Anovel by a kid.B. Plastic pollution.C. Energy shortage.D.Astory book. 58. What do we know

43、about Daniel Burds invention? A. It won him a $100,000 prize. B. It is environmental friendly. C. It was completed in three months. D. it is widely used in everyday waste. B Art and science may seem like polar opposites (截然相反的两端). One is about the creative flow of ideas, and the other cold, hard dat

44、a or so some people believe. In fact, the two have much in common. Both require a lot of creativity. People also use both to better understand the world around them. Now, a study finds art can also help students remember better what they have learned in science class. Mariale Hardiman is an educatio

45、n specialist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. Back when she was a school principal, she had noticed that students who used art in the classroom were more engaged(参与其中的). They might listen more carefully, ask more questions and volunteer more ideas. Whats more, students seemed to r

46、emember more of what they had been taught when their lessons had involved art. To test whether and how well art might really improve learning, she teamed up with other researchers and six local schools to do an experiment. The researchers worked with teachers in 16 fifth-grade classrooms. They took

47、the traditional science lessons and created art-focused versions(版本) of them. In a traditional science classroom, for example, students might read aloud from a book. In the art-focused class, they might sing or rap the information instead. The team then randomly assigned(随机分配) each of the 350 studen

48、ts to either a traditional science classroom or an art-focused one. Students then learned science using one of those approaches for the entire unit about three weeks. When they changed to a new topic, they also changed to the other type of class. This way, researchers could see how students did in b

49、oth types of classes. After each phase of the experiment, students took tests. They took a third one 10 成就孩子 成就自己北辰教育教学管理部 11 weeks later. This one measured how well they still remembered what they had learned earlier. Students who started off in regular classes performed better after they moved int

50、o an art-focused class. And those who started in an art-focused class did well even when they moved back to a regular science class. “These students appeared to use some of the art techniques after moving back to a traditional class,” says Hardiman. “Some continued to sketch(画草图) or sing to help the