（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语必修一Unit 1 Back to school Grammar 学案.docx

1、1 1 Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage 一、学习目标：一、学习目标： By the end of the lesson, students will be able to: 1.identify different elements in a sentence; 2.understand five basic sentence structures; 3. apply the rules in new situations; 二、二、导读导学导读导学 ：简单句的五种类型：简单句的五种类型 三、三、问题分层问题分层层层句子的成分及其功能句子的成分及

2、其功能 层层简单句的五种类型 层层运用所学内容判断句子结构运用所学内容判断句子结构 主体参与主体参与学习、探究简单句的五种类型简单句的五种类型。 StepStep 1 1 探索与发现探索与发现句子的成分句子的成分 （一（一）句子成分的定义句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做 _。句子成分有_成分 和_成分；主要成分有_语和_语；次要成分有_语、_语、_语、_ 语、_语和_语。 （二（二）主语主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于_。但在there be 结构、疑问 句（当 主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可 由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的

3、形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s,American countrycountry musicmusic has become more and more popular.（_词） WeWe often speak English in class.（代词） One-thirdOne-third of the students in this class are girls. （_词） ToToswimswim in the river is a great pleasure.（_式） SmokingSmoking does harmto the health.（

4、_词） TheThe richrich should help the poor.（名词化的_词） WhenWhen wewe areare goinggoing toto havehave anan EnglishEnglish testtest has not been decided.（_从句） It It is necessary toto mastermastera a foreignforeign languagelanguage.（_作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的 _） （三三）谓谓语语：谓语说明主语所做的_或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在 _语之后。谓语的构成如下

5、： 1、简单谓语：、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practicespractices running every morning. 2、 复合谓语复合谓语： （1） 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如： You m mayay kekee ep p the book for two weeks. He hashas caughtcaught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We areare studentsstudents. （四（四）表语表语：用以说明_语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于_动词（如be, become, get, look, g

6、row, turn, seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不 定式、动名 词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。如： Our teacher of English is an AmericanAmerican.（_词） Is it yoursyours?（_词） The weather has turned coldcold.（_词） The speech is exciting.exciting.（_词） Three times seven is twentytwenty oneone?（_词） His job is toto teachteach EnglishEng

7、lish.（_式） 2 2 His hobby（爱好）is playingplaying footballfootball.（_词） The machine mustmust bebeoutout ofof order.order.（介词短语） Time is upup. The class is overover.（_词） The truth is thatthat hehe hashas neverneverbeenbeen abroadabroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的_或_者，一般位于_动词和介词后面。 例如： They went to see an e

8、xhibitionexhibition（展览）yesterday.（_词） The heavy rain prevented meme form coming to school on time.（_ 词）How many dictionaries do you have? I havefivefive.（_词） They helped thethe oldold with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended notnot toto seesee meme.（_短语） I enjoy listeninglistening toto p

9、opularpopular musicmusic.（动名词短语) I think（thatthat）hehe is is fitfit forforhishis office.office.（_语从句） 宾语种宾语种类类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendm me eyoyou ur rd dic ict tio ion na ar ry y,please. （2） 复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected h himim t th heireir m mo on nitoitor r. （六（六） 宾语补足语宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词， 除有一个直接宾语以

10、外， 还要有一个宾语补语， 才能使句子的意义完整。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为： 某些及物动词 （如make 等+宾语+宾 补）。 宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him DongmingDongming.（_词） They painted their boat whitewhite.（形容词） Let the fresh air in in.（_词） Youmustnt force him toto lendlend hishis moneymoney toto you.you.（_短语） Wesaw her enter

11、ingentering thethe roomroom.（_分词） Wefound everything in the lab in in goodgood orderorder.（_词短语） Wewill soon make our city whatwhat youryour citycityis is now.now.（从句） （七）定语：（七）定语：修饰名词名词或代词代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautifulbeautiful city.（_词） China is a developingdeveloping country;Am

12、erica is a developeddeveloped country. （_词） There are thirty womenwomen teachers is our school.（_词） HisHis rapid progress in English made us surprised.（_词） Our monitor is always the first toto enterenterthethe classroomclassroom.（不定式短语） The teachingteaching plan for next termhas been worked out.（_词）

13、 He is reading an article aboutabout howhow toto learnlearn EnglishEnglish.（_词短语） （八）状语：（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫 做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels mostmost quicklyquickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city forfortenten yearsyears.（_词短语） He is proud toto havehave passedpassed

14、thethe nationalnational collegecollege entranceentrance examinationexamination.（_短语） He is in the room makingmaking a a modelmodel plane.plane.（分词短语） Waita a minuteminute.（_词） OnceOnce youyou beginbegin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下：状语种类如下： How about meeting again atat sixsix?（_状语） Last night she

15、 didnt go to the dance party becausebecause ofof thethe rainrain.（_状语） I shall go there if if it it doesndoesnt t rainrain.（_状语） 3 3 Mr Smith lives onon thethe thirdthird floorfloor.（_状语） She put the eggs into the basket withwith greatgreat carecare.（_状语） She came in withwith a a dictionarydictionar

16、y in in herher handhand.（_状语） In In orderordertoto catchcatch upup withwith thethe othersothers, I must work harder.（_状 语） He was so tired thatthat hehe fellfell asleepasleep immediatelyimmediately. （_状语） She works very hard thoughthough sheshe is is oldold.（_状语） I am taller thanthan hehe is is.（_状语

17、） StepStep 2 2 简单句的五种类型简单句的五种类型 TaskTask 1. 1.连词成句：连词成句： Miss Yan， to， was excited to， the opportunity， give， be given， really， a speech _ Task2Task2 ExploringExploring thethe rulesrules： 1. Ss. read the short speech on page ? and put the underlined sentences into the table according to their senten

18、ce structures. _.S+V _.S+V+P _.S+V+O _.S+V+IO+DO _. S+V+O+OC Task 3 Working out the rules 1. LearningLearning aboutabout RuleRule 1 1 Students observe the above five sentence structures and infer what elements are essential in a sentence and deduce Rule 1: The subject and the _are necessary parts of

19、 a sentence. 2. LearningLearning aboutabout RuleRule 2 2 : Students observe the following two sentences: I agree. You will have a happy life. WorkWork outout RuleRule 2: A transitive verb is always followed by a(n) _. Objects are usually nouns or pronouns. Practice:Practice: Complete the following s

20、entences with proper verbs or objects. During the three years of senior high school, I_ great knowledge and_ personal growth. In order to improve my football skills, I will join _. To achieve my goal for the new term, I will learn_ll. (to-infinitive serving as the object) 3. LearningLearning aboutab

21、out RuleRule 3 3Students observe the following sentences: You will live a happy life. Setting goals gives you a focus in life. Some transitive verbs can take two objects,_(DO) and_ (IO).(IO). TheThe indirectindirect objectobject usually refers to_and thethe directdirect object_object_. Objects are u

22、sually_ or_.The sentence structure is like this: S+V+IO+DO.S+V+IO+DO. ThisThis is is RuleRule 3. 3. Setting goals gives you a focus in life. We can also change the structure into the following: Setting goals gives_in life. Practice:Practice: (1) What verbs have we learned that can take two objects?

23、give,_ (2) Make sentences using S+V+IO+DO structure 4 4 _ 4. 4. LearningLearning aboutabout RuleRule 4: 4: An object can be followed by a complement(补足语） and it is called_(OC). The sentence structure is like this: S+V+O+OC. This is Rule 4: TheThe objectobject complementcomplement addsadds moremore i

24、nformationinformation aboutabout thethe object.object. T: Please complete the following sentences with proper object complements Mrs. Barrow named her dog _.(点点） I wanted to paint my bedroom_ .（粉红色） I smelled something_ in the kitchen.（正在燃烧） The terrible news of Kobes death left us _.（非常震惊地） I watch

25、ed a magician _ on TV.（表演一个魔术） Our principal encouraged us _.（充分发挥我们的潜能） TaskTask 4 4 MoreMore explanationexplanation 1. Distinguish(区分） the S+V+O structure from the S+V+P structure. (1) Underline the sentence elements in the following sentences: We should keep positive in life. _ We should keep a p

26、ositive attitude to life. _ Achieving a balance between my study and hobbies remains a challenge. _ (2) Make a summary. We divide verbs into three kinds: intransitiveintransitive verbsverbs ( (vi.vi.)( )(不及物动词不及物动词）, , transitivetransitive verbsverbs ( (vt.vt.（及物及物 动词动词）) ) andand linkinglinking ver

27、bsverbs (linking v.)（系动词）. The verbs in the above sentences are should keep, should keep and remains.They each belong to the_ verb, the _ verb and the _ verb.Linking verbs include bebe verbs and verbs like look,look, sound,sound, taste,taste, smell,smell, feel,feel, get,get, become,become, turn,turn

28、, stay,stay, remain,remain, keepkeep etc. A word or a group of words that follows a linking verb is thethe predicativepredicative (P). The way to decide the verb in a sentence is a linking verb, a transitive or an intransitive verb: ChangeChange thethe verbverb intointo bebe verb.verb. If If thethe sentencesentence stillstill makesmakes sense,sense, thethe verbverb is is a a linkinglinking verb.verb. 五、当堂检测当堂检测 1. Finish B1 on page 7 of the textbook.2. Finish B2 on page 7 of the textbook 六、课堂总结六、课堂总结 1. 问题总结（错题集） 错题 题号 错因分析 基础知识基本技能（方法）易错点分析审题答题规范性学法指导 2. 学习报告（思维导图） 学习报告 班级：姓名：学科：任课教师： 5