（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语必修三Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元测试卷B （含解析）.docx

1、高一下必修三 Unit4 Scientists who changed the world 单元测试卷 B 第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS Animals Out of Paper Yolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invite

2、s a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 2128684444.) TheAudience Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Min

3、isters in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 2122396200.) Hamilton LinManuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant

4、 story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 2129677555.) On the Twentieth Century Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie stars love during a cross co

5、untry train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12. (American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 2127191300.) 1. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about? A.Atype of art.B.Ateenagers studio. C.Agreat teacher.D.Agroup of animals. 2. Who is the direc

6、tor of The Audience? A. Helen Mirren.B. Peter Morgan. C. Dylan Baker.D. Stephen Daldry. 3. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history? A.Animals Out of Paper.B. The Audience. C. Hamilton.D. On the Twentieth Century. B Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed hi

7、s talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camels hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make

8、 a brush. The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing. The cats lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamins cousins, Mr. Pennington,

9、 came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamins drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years ol

10、d, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit. In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) pain

11、ting. William Williams, a wellknown painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my co

12、mpanions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Benjamins visit to Philadelphia. B. Wil

13、liams influence on Benjamin. C. The beginning of Benjamins life as an artist. D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington. 5. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest? A. The cat would be closely watched. B. The cat would get some medical care. C. Benjamin would leave his home

14、shortly. D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 6. What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent? A. He took him to see painting exhibitions. B. He provided him with painting materials. C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia. D. He taught him how to make engravings. 7. Williams t

15、wo books helped Benjamin to _ A. master the use of paints B. appreciate landscape paintings C. get to know other painters D. make up his mind to be a painter C This could be the perfect gift for the partner, who embarrasses you on the dance floor. Smart socks, which can teach to dance, may be the an

16、swer for anyone with two left feet The socks have been developed as a running tool to help runners improve their skills. Thanks to the socks, users can accurately record not only how far and fast they run but also how well. It means the user maximizes their performance, and reduces damage to body an

17、d prevents hurt. The hitech socks are made of special fibers that watch the movements of your feet. They look, feel and can be washed like normal clothes. Sensors(传感器) record each movement and send it by an ankle transmitter(脚踝发射器) to a smartphone. Then a “virtual coach” application shows the inform

18、ation and can tell the user what they are doing wrong, and help to improve skill in any task with feet. The socks should be useful to athletes and weekend joggers. “People think running is so easy and of course everybody can do it but not necessarily safely and well， ” Dr. Davide Vigano said. A rece

19、nt study showed that between 60 and 80 percent of runners got hurt per year. This is pretty much more than any other human activity. Researchers say the technology can also be developed to teach people how to dance, play sports such as golf, or even to help to teach women to walk better in high heel

20、s. Mr. Vigano said, “People could all benefit from the idea. We have had interest from all sorts of sports, like skiing, football, cycling and golf. Anything where you have to use your feet can use it. It could even be put in high heels to help women walk in them safely.” Socks are just the start, a

21、nd the technology could be used in gloves, hats and boots. The socks, anklet and software package, are expected to be sold for around 120, which will go on sale in March. 8. What does the underlined part “anyone with two left feet” refer to? A. People who are disabled. B. People who are interested i

22、n dancing. C. People who are not good at dancing. D. People who invented the socks. 9. Whats special about fibers that the socks are made of? A. They feel much softer than normal clothes. B. They can monitor the movement of feet. C. They are expensive to produce. D. They act as a smartphone for user

23、s. 10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the socks? A. They can improve the skill of running. B. They can help women walk better in high heels. C. They can teach people to dance well. D. They can be worn for days without washing. 11.According to Dr. Vigano, _ A. everyone can make good us

24、e of the smart socks B. users can run as fast as they like with the socks C. 60 to 80 percent of runners would like to buy the smart socks D. no runners will get hurt thanks to the socks D Engineers at Zhejiang University have created Chinas first brain like computer, named Darwin Mouse, that can co

25、py the way in which a human brain works and solve complex calculations while using a small amount of the energy used by traditional supercomputers. Though the technology is still in its early stages, experts say it could be used to run large, real time simulations(模拟) and make new discoveries in che

26、mistry, medicine and the neurosciences. It could also be used to greatly change computer design, leading to more powerful and efficient artificial intelligence. Pan Gang, a professor at the universitys College of Computer Science and Technology, said neuromorphic( 神 经 形 态 ) computing has been a focu

27、s of the international scientific and engineering communities for some time and is considered one of the key methods to overcome the major computing challenges for artificial intelligence. The Darwin Mouse represented a “major milestone achievement” in Chinas brainlike computing technology. In late

28、2018, the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom, upgraded its neuromorphic supercomputer SpiNNaker to host a million processors(处理器), enabling it to perform 2 trillion actions a second. This allowed the machine to run extremely largescale realtime simulations, such as modeling parts of the

29、brain. The Darwin Mouse uses significantly fewer processors thanks to the latest developments in brainlike chips made in China, allowing it to perform far better. Another advantage is low energy costs. When information is transmitted, only neurons that receive and process the signals are activated,

30、while other neurons stay asleep, similar to how a brain works. As a result, the energy consumption can be reduced to a small part of that of conventional supercomputers. “ We hope to keep evolving the Darwin series neuromorphic computer toward reaching human levels of intelligence, thus achieving mo

31、re powerful artificialintelligence with significantly less energy use. It is hopeful that brainlike computers will make their way into our daily lives as the hardware and software for the technology matures， ” Pan said. 12. Which can be inferred about Darwin Mouse? A. Brainlike and easy to operate.

32、B. Powerful and energysaving. C. Traditional but efficient. D.Advanced but impractical. 13. Why is SpiNNaker mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To show it can run more complex simulations. B. To prove no computers can compare with human brains. C. To stress the importance of brainlike chips. D. To highlig

33、ht the advantage of Darwin Mouse. 14. What is Professor Pans attitude to Darwin Mouse? A. Positive.B. Sceptical. C. Tolerant.D. Objective. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Outstanding Engineers of China B. BrainComputer Makes First Appearance in China C. Darwin Mousea Famous Mouse D.Artif

34、icial Intelligence Has a Bright Future 第二节(共 5 小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多 余选项。 Fear of missing out Its Friday night. While many of your friends may celebrate by going to the movies or checking out a restaurant thats just opened, youve decided to spend this speci

35、al night of the week by yourself. The night is yours to enjoy. If you think this sounds relaxing, youre not alone. At least for a little while until you start wondering if youve made the right choice. _16_ Suddenly, the quiet evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and yo

36、u find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety. _17_ A recent study defined FOMO as “the uneasy feeling that youre missing outyour peers are doing or in possession of more or something better than you.” Fear of missing out often develops as a result of deeper unhappiness. Research has found that th

37、ose with low levels of general life satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO. _18_ Active users of social media have a higher probability of comparing their achievements with others. Rather than finding happiness through their own experiences, they begin worrying that theirs arent objectively

38、 better than anyone elses. The consequences of FOMO are significant and farreaching. One study conducted with first year university students found that fear of missing out was associated with tiredness, stress, and sleep problems. _19_ Begin with gratitude. By reflecting on what you already have, yo

39、ure less likely to put valuable mental energy in worrying about what you dont. Embrace JOMO, or the joy of missing out. _20_ So, turn off your phones and tablets, and engage in something you enjoy while resisting the urge to upload and share it. While this may take practice and perseverance(坚持不懈), t

40、he results are well worth the effort. A. Therefore, you see yourself in new ways. B. So how can you overcome the fear? C. Who is easily affected by FOMO? D. Fear of missing out, or FOMO, is a common feeling. E. JOMO allows you to focus on what you really want at any given moment. F.Adoubt begins sin

41、king in as you imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence. G. Further worsening the alltoocommon feeling is the rise of social media use. 16. _17. _18. _19. _20. _ 第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节(共 15 小题：每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选择中，选出最佳选项。 When you first hear the word

42、s “lung cancer” ， you will think thats the end of the world. Camille, a 53yearold mother of two teens is not _21_. But fortunately, science is progressing rapidly, a series of tests help to _22_ that the right medicine reaches the right patient at the right time. Many people, like Camille, are _23_

43、from cancer diagnostic(诊断的) testing. With proper _24_ and medical care, Camille is now able to keep her daily _25_ while treating her disease. She gets a CT scan every three months to _26_ for any changes. Now shes swimming a quarter of a mile twice a week and she can _27_ with her kids school. She

44、said, “There are some things that I know I should take slowly, but _28_，its mostly back to _29_ for us. I couldnt even _30_ when I was first diagnosed. However, I became very _31_ ” As part of that gratitude, _32_ has become even more important to Camille since her diagnosis. “Ive always been the ca

45、retaker and the volunteer, but people have helped me, particularly in the last couple of months, so I really want to _33_ that back， ”she said.“I want to help people who are in the same _34_ as I am. I would tell them therere a lot of _35_ out there and that its not hopeless.” 21.A. asleepB. alone C

46、. lonelyD. together 22.A. make senseB. make up C. make sureD. make out 23.A. benefitingB. escaping C. travelingD. deserving 24.A. relaxationB. protection C. entertainmentD. treatment 25.A. programB. process C. routineD. service 26.A. manageB. monitor C. followD. record 27.A. helpB. accompany C. gree

47、tD. save 28.A. besidesB. moreover C. otherwiseD. instead 29.A. surpriseB. nature C. specialD. normal 30.A. standB. remember C. realizeD. lie 31.A. pitifulB. grateful C. cautiousD. impatient 32.A. strugglingB. engineering C. volunteeringD. pioneering 33.A. takeB. look C. returnD. give 34.A. situation

48、B. occupation C. relationshipD. system 35.A. opinionsB. options C. difficultiesD. decisions 第二节(共 10 小题：每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文， 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求， 在空格处填入一个适当的 词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Ancient remains found in the Mongolian steppe(大草原) suggest that the story of the female soldier Mulan may have been in

49、spired by real Xianbei women who (36)_ (ride) horseback and probably also used bows and arrows. According to the folktale, a (37)_ (power) ruler demanded every family send one man to join his army, and a girl (38)_ (name) Mulan faced a difficult choice: (39)_ let her weak father go to war or take hi

50、s place. Now it seems there may be (40)_ (true) to this ageold story of Mulan. Christine Lee and Yahaira Gonzalez examined skeletons(骷髅) from 9 ancient burials across Mongolia. Three of the skeletons belonged to Xianbei womenand two were potentially soldiers. Lee and Gonzalez reached this conclusion