（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语必修三Unit4 Scientists who changed the worldGrammar and usage ppt课件.ppt

1、 forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements Do you know this man? Do you know this man? bacteria Do you know this man? penicillin bacteria Do you know this man? penicillin bacteria mould Do you know this man? penicillin bacteria mould Read Alexander Flemings story, and find out the ver

2、b-ed form in the passage. A Exploring the rules Working out the rules The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) (1) _ (active/passive) meaning. The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun. It modifies the noun like a(n) (2) _ (relative clause/adverbial claus

3、e). The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement. A Exploring the rules Working out the rules The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) (1) _ (active/passive) meaning. The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun. It modifies the noun

4、like a(n) (2) _ (relative clause/adverbial clause). The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement. passive A Exploring the rules Working out the rules The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) (1) _ (active/passive) meaning. The verb-ed form

5、can appear before or after a noun. It modifies the noun like a(n) (2) _ (relative clause/adverbial clause). The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement. passive relative clause Focus on 基本用法基本用法 forms as attributives 单个单个V-ed作定语，常放在作定语，常放在被修饰词被修饰词之之 前前(left 除外除外)，V-ed短语短语作定语

6、时要放作定语时要放 在在被修饰词被修饰词之后之后。 单个单个V-ed作定语作定语 单个单个V-ed作定语作定语 a broken cup 一个破杯子一个破杯子 a wounded soldier 一名伤员一名伤员 单个单个V-ed作定语作定语 a. 及物动词及物动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语, 一般兼有一般兼有被动被动和和完成完成的意义。的意义。 a broken cup 一个破杯子一个破杯子 a wounded soldier 一名伤员一名伤员 单个单个V-ed作定语作定语 a. 及物动词及物动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语, 一般兼有一般兼有被动被动和和完成完成的意义。的意义。 a

7、grown woman 一位成年妇女一位成年妇女 an escaped prisoner 一名逃犯一名逃犯 a broken cup 一个破杯子一个破杯子 a wounded soldier 一名伤员一名伤员 单个单个V-ed作定语作定语 a. 及物动词及物动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语, 一般兼有一般兼有被动被动和和完成完成的意义。的意义。 b. 不及物动词不及物动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语, 有有主动主动和和完成完成意义。意义。 a grown woman 一位成年妇女一位成年妇女 an escaped prisoner 一名逃犯一名逃犯 a broken cup 一个破杯子一个

8、破杯子 a wounded soldier 一名伤员一名伤员 单个单个V-ed作定语，作定语，原则上原则上是是前置前置的。但有些单个的的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在，在习惯上习惯上 或因为受到或因为受到某些限制某些限制，则，则放在被修饰词之后放在被修饰词之后。 1. He has spent all the money donated. 2. This will be the best novel of its kind written. 3. Who were the so-called guests invited? 4. She always ate the food left. 单个单

9、个V-ed作定语，作定语，原则上原则上是是前置前置的。但有些单个的的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在，在习惯上习惯上 或因为受到或因为受到某些限制某些限制，则，则放在被修饰词之后放在被修饰词之后。 1. He has spent all the money donated. 2. This will be the best novel of its kind written. 3. Who were the so-called guests invited? 4. She always ate the food left. 他花光了他花光了所有所有捐赠的捐赠的钱。钱。 单个单个V-ed作定语，作定

10、语，原则上原则上是是前置前置的。但有些单个的的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在，在习惯上习惯上 或因为受到或因为受到某些限制某些限制，则，则放在被修饰词之后放在被修饰词之后。 1. He has spent all the money donated. 2. This will be the best novel of its kind written. 3. Who were the so-called guests invited? 4. She always ate the food left. 1. 被修饰词前有被修饰词前有all, every等表等表“全部全部”概念的词修饰时；概念的词修

11、饰时； 他花光了他花光了所有所有捐赠的捐赠的钱。钱。 单个单个V-ed作定语，作定语，原则上原则上是是前置前置的。但有些单个的的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在，在习惯上习惯上 或因为受到或因为受到某些限制某些限制，则，则放在被修饰词之后放在被修饰词之后。 1. He has spent all the money donated. 2. This will be the best novel of its kind written. 3. Who were the so-called guests invited? 4. She always ate the food left. 1. 被修饰词

12、前有被修饰词前有all, every等表等表“全部全部”概念的词修饰时；概念的词修饰时； 他花光了他花光了所有所有捐赠的捐赠的钱。钱。 这将是这类小说中这将是这类小说中写得写得最好的最好的。 单个单个V-ed作定语，作定语，原则上原则上是是前置前置的。但有些单个的的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在，在习惯上习惯上 或因为受到或因为受到某些限制某些限制，则，则放在被修饰词之后放在被修饰词之后。 1. He has spent all the money donated. 2. This will be the best novel of its kind written. 3. Who were t

13、he so-called guests invited? 4. She always ate the food left. 1. 被修饰词前有被修饰词前有all, every等表等表“全部全部”概念的词修饰时；概念的词修饰时； 2. 被修饰词前有被修饰词前有最高级最高级； 他花光了他花光了所有所有捐赠的捐赠的钱。钱。 这将是这类小说中这将是这类小说中写得写得最好的最好的。 单个单个V-ed作定语，作定语，原则上原则上是是前置前置的。但有些单个的的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在，在习惯上习惯上 或因为受到或因为受到某些限制某些限制，则，则放在被修饰词之后放在被修饰词之后。 1. He has sp

14、ent all the money donated. 2. This will be the best novel of its kind written. 3. Who were the so-called guests invited? 4. She always ate the food left. 1. 被修饰词前有被修饰词前有all, every等表等表“全部全部”概念的词修饰时；概念的词修饰时； 2. 被修饰词前有被修饰词前有最高级最高级； 他花光了他花光了所有所有捐赠的捐赠的钱。钱。 这将是这类小说中这将是这类小说中写得写得最好的最好的。 昨晚昨晚被邀请被邀请那些那些所谓的客人所

15、谓的客人是谁呀是谁呀? 单个单个V-ed作定语，作定语，原则上原则上是是前置前置的。但有些单个的的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在，在习惯上习惯上 或因为受到或因为受到某些限制某些限制，则，则放在被修饰词之后放在被修饰词之后。 1. He has spent all the money donated. 2. This will be the best novel of its kind written. 3. Who were the so-called guests invited? 4. She always ate the food left. 1. 被修饰词前有被修饰词前有all, ev

16、ery等表等表“全部全部”概念的词修饰时；概念的词修饰时； 2. 被修饰词前有被修饰词前有最高级最高级； 3. 被修饰语被修饰语过长过长或有或有其他定语其他定语； 他花光了他花光了所有所有捐赠的捐赠的钱。钱。 这将是这类小说中这将是这类小说中写得写得最好的最好的。 昨晚昨晚被邀请被邀请那些那些所谓的客人所谓的客人是谁呀是谁呀? 单个单个V-ed作定语，作定语，原则上原则上是是前置前置的。但有些单个的的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在，在习惯上习惯上 或因为受到或因为受到某些限制某些限制，则，则放在被修饰词之后放在被修饰词之后。 1. He has spent all the money donat

17、ed. 2. This will be the best novel of its kind written. 3. Who were the so-called guests invited? 4. She always ate the food left. 1. 被修饰词前有被修饰词前有all, every等表等表“全部全部”概念的词修饰时；概念的词修饰时； 2. 被修饰词前有被修饰词前有最高级最高级； 3. 被修饰语被修饰语过长过长或有或有其他定语其他定语； 他花光了他花光了所有所有捐赠的捐赠的钱。钱。 这将是这类小说中这将是这类小说中写得写得最好的最好的。 昨晚昨晚被邀请被邀请那些那些

18、所谓的客人所谓的客人是谁呀是谁呀? 她总吃她总吃剩剩饭。饭。 单个单个V-ed作定语，作定语，原则上原则上是是前置前置的。但有些单个的的。但有些单个的 V-ed，在，在习惯上习惯上 或因为受到或因为受到某些限制某些限制，则，则放在被修饰词之后放在被修饰词之后。 1. He has spent all the money donated. 2. This will be the best novel of its kind written. 3. Who were the so-called guests invited? 4. She always ate the food left. 1.

19、被修饰词前有被修饰词前有all, every等表等表“全部全部”概念的词修饰时；概念的词修饰时； 2. 被修饰词前有被修饰词前有最高级最高级； 3. 被修饰语被修饰语过长过长或有或有其他定语其他定语； 4. 习惯上习惯上作后置定语的作后置定语的V-ed(如如left“剩下的剩下的”) 他花光了他花光了所有所有捐赠的捐赠的钱。钱。 这将是这类小说中这将是这类小说中写得写得最好的最好的。 昨晚昨晚被邀请被邀请那些那些所谓的客人所谓的客人是谁呀是谁呀? 她总吃她总吃剩剩饭。饭。 a. the color TV set produced last year b. a letter written to

20、 me by my daughter a. the color TV set produced last year = the color TV set that was produced last year b. a letter written to me by my daughter 去年生产的彩色电视机去年生产的彩色电视机 a. the color TV set produced last year = the color TV set that was produced last year b. a letter written to me by my daughter = a le

21、tter that was written to me by my daughter 一封我女儿写给我的信一封我女儿写给我的信 去年生产的彩色电视机去年生产的彩色电视机 a. the color TV set produced last year = the color TV set that was produced last year b. a letter written to me by my daughter = a letter that was written to me by my daughter 一封我女儿写给我的信一封我女儿写给我的信 去年生产的彩色电视机去年生产的彩色电

22、视机 2. V-ed短语作定语短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句定语从句。 a. The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. b. Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. a. The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. =The houses, whi

23、ch were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. 去年建的去年建的这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。 b. Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. a. The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. =The houses, which were built last yea

24、r, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. 去年建的去年建的这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。 b. Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. =Some of them, who were born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. 他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。 3. V

25、-ed有时还可用作有时还可用作非限制性定语非限制性定语，相当于一个，相当于一个非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句， 前后用逗号分开。前后用逗号分开。 a. The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. =The houses, which were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake yesterday. 去年建的去年建的这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。这些房子，昨天被地震摧毁了。 b. Some of them, born and br

26、ought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. =Some of them, who were born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. 他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。他们当中有一些人，生长在农村，从未见过火车。 1. There was an _ (excite) look on his face when the actress appeared. 2. Its wrong for the _ (develop) countries to

27、 control the world. 3. I have collected the money _ (need). 4. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. 5. The _ (surprise) look on his face suggested that he had not expected so. 1. There was an _ (excite) look on his face when the actress appeared. 2. Its wrong for the _ (develop)

28、 countries to control the world. 3. I have collected the money _ (need). 4. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. 5. The _ (surprise) look on his face suggested that he had not expected so. excited 1. There was an _ (excite) look on his face when the actress appeared. 2. Its wron

29、g for the _ (develop) countries to control the world. 3. I have collected the money _ (need). 4. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. 5. The _ (surprise) look on his face suggested that he had not expected so. excited developed 1. There was an _ (excite) look on his face when th

30、e actress appeared. 2. Its wrong for the _ (develop) countries to control the world. 3. I have collected the money _ (need). 4. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. 5. The _ (surprise) look on his face suggested that he had not expected so. excited developed needed 1. There was

31、an _ (excite) look on his face when the actress appeared. 2. Its wrong for the _ (develop) countries to control the world. 3. I have collected the money _ (need). 4. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. 5. The _ (surprise) look on his face suggested that he had not expected so.

32、excited developed needed discussed 1. There was an _ (excite) look on his face when the actress appeared. 2. Its wrong for the _ (develop) countries to control the world. 3. I have collected the money _ (need). 4. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday. 5. The _ (surprise) look on

33、his face suggested that he had not expected so. excited developed needed discussed surprised Focus on 基本用法基本用法 forms as adverbials Destroyed by the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to be found. 由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。 Destroyed by the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to be fou

34、nd. 由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。 (As/Because it has been) Bitten by the cobra, the man was in danger. 因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。 Destroyed by the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to be found. 由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。 (As/Because it has been) Bitten by the cobra

35、, the man was in danger. 因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。 Destroyed by the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to be found. 由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。 (As/Because it has been) (Because he was) Bitten by the cobra, the man was in danger. 因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。因为被眼镜蛇咬了，这人处在危险中。 Destroyed by

36、 the hurricane, the old house is nowhere to be found. 由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。由于飓风的破坏，那座老房子哪也找不到了。 (As/Because it has been) (Because he was) 1. 作原因状语作原因状语 Seen from the top of the building, our school looks beautiful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。 Seen from the top of the building, our school looks beaut

37、iful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。 (When it is) Water boils, heated to 100. 水加热到水加热到100度就沸腾。度就沸腾。 Seen from the top of the building, our school looks beautiful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。 (When it is) Water boils, heated to 100. 水加热到水加热到100度就沸腾。度就沸腾。 Seen from the top of the building, our school l

38、ooks beautiful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。 (When it is) (when it is) Water boils, heated to 100. 水加热到水加热到100度就沸腾。度就沸腾。 Seen from the top of the building, our school looks beautiful. 从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。从楼顶上看，学校看起来很美。 (When it is) (when it is) 2. 作时间状语作时间状语 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 Tired, he went o

39、n working. (Although he was) 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 Tired, he went on working. (Although he was) 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 3. 作让步状语作让步状语 Tired, he went on working. Punished by the parents, he wont come again. (Although he was) 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。他若是被家长惩罚了，就

40、再也不能来了。 3. 作让步状语作让步状语 Tired, he went on working. Punished by the parents, he wont come again. (Although he was) (If he is) 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。 3. 作让步状语作让步状语 Tired, he went on working. Punished by the parents, he wont come again. (Although he was) (If h

41、e is) 虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。虽然他很疲倦，他仍然继续工作。 他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。他若是被家长惩罚了，就再也不能来了。 3. 作让步状语作让步状语 Tired, he went on working. 4. 作条件状语作条件状语 She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。 She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女

42、儿。她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。 (and she was) Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep. 他专心于工作，废寝忘食。他专心于工作，废寝忘食。 She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。 (and she was) Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep. 他专心于工作，废寝忘食。他专心于工作，废寝忘食。 She wa

43、lked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。 (and she was) (He was) Absorbed in the work, he neglected food and sleep. 他专心于工作，废寝忘食。他专心于工作，废寝忘食。 She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。她走出房间，后面跟着她的小女儿。 (and she was) (He

44、 was) 5. 作伴随或方式状语作伴随或方式状语 2. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent. 3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 4. Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all. 5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some stu

45、dents. 2. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent. 3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 4. Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all. 5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students. 时间时间 2. Caug

46、ht in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent. 3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 4. Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all. 5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students. 时间时间 原因原因 2. Caught in a h

47、eavy rain, he was all wet. 1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent. 3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 4. Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all. 5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students. 时间时间 原因原因 条件条件 2. Caught in a heavy

48、 rain, he was all wet. 1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent. 3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 4. Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all. 5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students. 时间时间 原因原因 条件条件 让步让步 2. Caught in a heav

49、y rain, he was all wet. 1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent. 3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 4. Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all. 5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students. 时间时间 原因原因 条件条件 让步让步 V-ed在句中可充当在句中可充当时间

50、时间、原因原因、条件条件、让步让步状语，相当于一个状语，相当于一个状状 语从句语从句； 2. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 1. Asked what had happened, he kept silent. 3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 4. Left alone at home, the little boy didnt feel afraid at all. 5. The teacher entered the classroom, fo