新教材（2021新牛津译林版高中英语）高一下学期期末考试英语模拟试卷分类汇编：七选五专题(含解析）.doc

1、江苏省部分名校 2021 届高三考前英语模拟试卷分类汇编 七选五专题 2020-2021 学年江苏省高一下学期期末考试英语模拟试卷 1 第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 12.5 分）分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。 When you buy a cup of coffee, you have probably noticed the three different size options: small, medium and large. The medium-sized serving

2、often costs almost as much as the large one. 16 have you ever chosen the biggest and most expensive option? If so, you have been driven by a cognitive bias(认知偏误) known as the “decoy effect(诱饵效 应)”. 17 It pushes you to pay more money than you would have otherwise chosen to. Consider another example.

3、Imagine you are choosing flights from the following options: Flight Acosts $400 with a stopover of 60 minutes. Flight B costs $330 with a stopover of 150 minutes. Flight C costs $435 with a stopover of 60 minutes The researchers found that most people would choose Flight AIt is cheaper than Flight C

4、Compared with Flight B it has a shorter waiting timeeven though it is considerably more expensive. Now look at a different set of flights: Flight Acosts $400 with a stopover of 60 minutes Flight B costs $330 with a stopover of 150 minutes Flight C costs $330 with a stopover of 195 minutes. In this c

5、ase, most peoples preference was Flight B In each case, Flight C (the decoy) was designed. to appear similar to, but slightly less attractive than, one of the other options (the target). 18 Experiments have found the use of a well-designed decoy can shift opinion between the other two options by as

6、much as 40 percent showing how easily our decisions can be swayed by the way they are designed. The decoy effect was first investigated as a potential marketing strategy to influence consumer choices. However, by learning about it, you may become less likely to be affected by this unconscious influe

7、nce. 19 If you are discussing travel pans with friends, for instance, and have not decided yet where to go, you might present two alternative arrangements at your city of choice, but one with a slightly more expensive hotel. Even if your friends might have otherwise selected a different location, th

8、e comparison might just tempt them to opt for your preferred option. 20 Ask yourself whether you are really choosing the option you need or want, or whether you are being distracted by an intentionally unappealing alternative. Like an expert snipe(狙击手) trained to avoid false targets, you may find th

9、at your judgement suddenly becomes a lot more accurate. APsychologists still debate the exact reasons for this particular effect. BDont allow yourself to become yet another victim of the decoy effect. CYou may even discover ways to put it to your own use as a tool for persuasion. DThat comparison al

10、tered the way the participants perceived(感知) the other possibilities. E.The latest research shows that it could also have strong effects on recruitment (招聘), healthcare and even politics. F.You are presented with a well-designed, additional, and slightly less attractive option. G.Given the apparent

11、bargain 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了商家惯用的促销伎俩“诱饵效应”。 16G【解析】根据下文“have you ever chosen the biggest and most expensive option?（你曾经选 择过最大、最昂贵的选项吗? ）”可知这是指交易，G 选项“考虑到这个明显的交易”符合 语境，故选 G。 17F 【解析】根据上文“ If so, you have been driven by a cognitive bias(认知偏误) known as the “decoy effect(诱饵效应)”. （如果是这样，那你就是受到了一种被称为“

12、诱饵效应”的认知偏 见的驱使。 ） ” 可知首次提到了诱饵效应，而 F 选项“你面临的是一个精心设计的、额外 的、稍微不那么吸引人的选择。”是对诱饵效应进一步解释，故选 F。 18D【解析】空前句中的“than”，是将 C 航班与目标航班做对比，D 项“这种比较改变了参与 者对其他可能性的感知方式。”符合语境，故选 D。 19 C 【解析】 根据空前“you may become less likely to be affected by this unconscious influence. （你 就不太可能受到这种无意识的影响。 ） ”而 C 选项“你甚至可能发现把它作为说服别人的工 具来

13、使用的方法。”继续说学习后的后果，而且句式上“You may even discover”，也紧 扣上文，故选 C。 20 B 【解析】 根据下文“Ask yourself whether you are really choosing the option you need or want, or whether you are being distracted by an intentionally unappealing alternative. （问问你自己， 你 是否真的选择了你需要或想要的选项， 或者你是否被一个故意不吸引人的选项分心了。 ） ” 这里是倡导不要成为诱饵效应的受害者

14、，B 选项“不要让自己成为诱饵效应的另一个受害 者。”切题，故选 B。 2020-2021 学年江苏省高一下学期期末考试英语模拟试卷 2 第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 12.5 分）分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。 Should you listen to music when you work? Some will say they love it, claiming that it improves their performance; others will say they can

15、not work effectively with music playing in the background. 16 It just depends on what sort of work youre doing. In a recent study, we brought participants into our lab with a variety of tasks. They included an easy task searching through word lists and crossing out words containing the letter “a” an

16、d a more difficult task memorizing word pairs and recalling the partner to each word. Some participants completed all of the tasks in silence, whereas others completed the tasks with instrumental music that was either loud or soft, and either simple or complex, the latter meaning music with more ins

17、trumental tracks. 17 We found that participants who listened to simple music or no music performed about the same on the easy task. 18 Contrarily, participants performed worse on the more difficult task when they listened to any music, regardless of complexity or volume, compared to those who didnt

18、listen to any music. 19 Not surprisingly, we typically need to use fewer of our mental resources when we perform easy tasks, whereas demanding tasks require more brainpower. However, because we might be less engaged during easier tasks, theres a greater risk of drifting off to sleep. Music might giv

19、e us the extra boost we need to get refreshed. 20 Listening to music can become overkill (过犹不及). So we have to strike a balance between the type of music and the type of task. AWhat should we make of these findings? BSeveral key findings emerged from our study. CHowever, difficult tasks already dema

20、nd a lot of our mental resources. DOur research has found that the effects of work may depend on our personalities. E.We want to develop a more comprehensive framework that could be applied broader. F.However, participants who listened to complex music performed best on the easy task. G.Interestingl

21、y enough, our research has found that both of these perspectives can be true. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过实验来讨论工作的时候该不该听音乐。 16 G 【解析】 根据前文“Some will say they love it, claiming that it improves their performance; others will say they cannot work effectively with music playing in the background.(有些人会说他们 喜欢它，声

22、称它能提高他们的表现;其他人会说他们不能在背景音乐的情况下有效地工 作。 )”和后文“It just depends on what sort of work youre doing.(这要看你在做什么工作了。 )” 可知，不同人对于工作能否听音乐的看法，取决于所做的工作，所以说两种说法都有可 取之处。所以选择项 G“Interestingly enough, our research has found that both of these perspectives can be true.(有趣的是，我们的研究发现，这两种观点都可能是正确的。)”符 合上下文语境。故选 G。 17B【解析】

23、结合上下两段，题干前文“In a recent study, we brought participants into our lab with a variety of tasks. They included an easy task searching through word lists and crossing out words containing the letter “a” and a more difficult task memorizing word pairs and recalling the partner to each word. Some participa

24、nts completed all of the tasks in silence, whereas others completed the tasks with instrumental music that was either loud or soft, and either simple or complex, the latter meaning music with more instrumental tracks”主要介绍了 实验参照组之间的区别还有实验流程，后段就开始阐述实验发现，可见题干肯定是总结 实验获得了收获。所以选择项 B“Several key findings e

25、merged from our study. (我们的研究 得出了几个关键的发现。)”符合上下文语境。故选 B。 18F【解析】结合前后文，该段肯定在说不同参照组的实验结果。根据前句“We found that participants who listened to simple music or no music performed about the same on the easy task.(我们发现，听简单音乐或不听音乐的参与者在简单任务上的表现都差不多。)”和后 句“Contrarily, participants performed worse on the more diff

26、icult task when they listened to any music, regardless of complexity or volume, compared to those who didnt listen to any music.( 相反，与没听音乐的人相比，听音乐的人在更难的任务上表现得更差，不管音乐 的复杂性或音量大小。)”可知，这里为复杂任务听复杂音乐进行讨论。所以选择项 F“However, participants who listened to complex music performed best on the easy task. (然 而，听复杂音

27、乐的参与者在简单任务上表现最好。)”符合上下文语境。故选 F。 19 A 【解析】 结合题干后文“Not surprisingly, we typically need to use fewer of our mental resources when we perform easy tasks, whereas demanding tasks require more brainpower.”毫不奇怪， 当我们执行简单的任务时，我们通常需要更少的脑力资源，而要求更高的任务需要更多 的脑力。 说的是一些建议， 可见讨论的是如何充分利用这个实验结果。 所以选择项 A“What should we

28、 make of these findings? (我们应该如何理解这些发现?)”符合上下文语境。故选 A。 20C【解析】根据后文“Listening to music can become overkill (过犹不及). So we have to strike a balance between the type of music and the type of task.(听音乐可能会变得过犹不及。 所以我 们必须在音乐类型和任务类型之间取得平衡。)”可知，复杂任务不适合听音乐，因为复 杂任务本身就需要精神力消耗。 所以选择项 C“However, difficult tasks a

29、lready demand a lot of our mental resources. (然而，困难的任务已经需要我们大量的精神资源。)”符合上下文 语境。故选 C。 2020-2021 学年江苏省高一下学期期末考试英语模拟试卷 3 第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 12.5 分）分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。 Both IQ and EQ are considered important to our career success. 16 Enter adaptability quoti

30、ent(AQ), a subjective set of qualities loosely defined as the ability to improve in an environment of fast and frequent change. Every profession will require adaptability and flexibility. Say you are an accountant. Your IQ gets you through the examinations. Your EQ helps your connect with an intervi

31、ewer, land a job, and develop relationships with clients and colleagues. 17 All three quotients are somewhat complementary(互补的), since they all help you solve problems and therefore adapt.An ideal candidate possesses all three, but not everyone does. 18 While there is no definite method of measuring

32、 adaptability like an IQ test, companies are changing their recruitment (招聘) processes to help identify people who may be high in it. Natalie Fratto suggests three ways AQ might show in potential candidates: if they can picture possible versions of the future by asking what if questions; if they can

33、 unlearn information to challenge conventional wisdom; and if they enjoy exploration or seeking out new experiences. 19 First, limit distractions and learn to focus so that you can determine what adaptations to make. Second, ask uncomfortable questions to develop courage and normalize fear. Third, b

34、e curious about things that fascinate you by having more conversations rather than Googling the ready answer. Over the next three years, 120 million people may need to be reskilled because of automation, according to a 2019 IBM study. We may not all be comfortable with the pace of change-but we can

35、prepare. 20 AAQ is now increasingly being sought at the hiring level. BOne good thing aboutAQ is that experts say you can work to develop it. CThe ability to learn, change, grow, experiment will be the key. DThis is because an algorithm(算法)can do these tasks faster and more accurately than a human.

36、E.But today, as technology redefines how we work, the skills we need to improve in the job market are developing too. F.Having IQ but no EQ would leave you struggling to embrace new ways of working using your existing skills. G.Then, when systems change or aspects of work are automated, you will nee

37、d AQ to accommodate this innovation and adapt to new ways of performing your role. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明性论述文。文章引进了新概念逆境商数 AQ，从现象、原因和做法等方面 对 AQ 进行分析，呼吁大家提高适应环境的能力。 16E【解析】根据前文“Both IQ and EQ are considered important to our career success.（智商和情 商对我们事业的成功都很重要。 ）”以及后文“Enter adaptability quotient(AQ), a subject

38、ive set of qualities loosely defined as the ability to improve in an environment of fast and frequent change.（适应能力商数”(简称 AQ)，是一组主观素质，大致定义为能够在快速频繁变化 的环境中不断改进的能力。 ）”空白处前后句形成一定的对比，前面为大家熟知的 IQ 和 EQ， 后面引出新的AQ， E选项“But today, as technology redefines how we work, the skills we need to improve in the job ma

39、rket are developing too.(但今天，随着技术重新定义我们的工 作方式，我们在就业市场上需要改进的技能也在发展。)”符合语境，E 项 developing too 即对应着在前文的基础上更进一步，improve 原词重现。故选 E。 17 G【解析】 根据前文“Say you are an accountant. Your IQ gets you through the examinations. Your IQ gets you through the examinations. Your EQ helps your connect with an interviewer

40、, land a job, and develop relationships with clients and colleagues.（假设你是一名会计。你的智商能 让你通过考试。情商有助于你与面试官联系、找到工作、与客户和同事发展关系。 ）”前 文分别介绍了 IQ 和 EQ 在工作中的作用，所以空白处应该是 AQ 在工作中的作用，G 选 项“Then, when systems change or aspects of work are automated, you will needAQ to accommodate this innovation and adapt to new wa

41、ys of performing your role.”（然后，当系统 改变或工作的某些方面自动化时，您将需要 AQ 来适应这种创新并适应执行您的角色的 新方法。 ）符合语境，故选 G。 18A【解析】根据前文“An ideal candidate possesses all three, but not everyone does.（理想的候 选人三者都具备， 但并不是每个人都具备。 ） ”以及后文“While there is no definite method of measuring adaptability like an IQ test, companies are changi

42、ng their recruitment (招聘) processes to help identify people who may be high in it.（虽然还没有像智商测试那样确定的 衡量适应性的方法，但公司正在改变他们的招聘流程，以帮助识别那些可能在 AQ 处于 较高水平的人。 ）”可知，前文写这三商并非每人都有，后面写公司改变招募方式来确定 谁是高适应性的人，说明 AQ 现在可能更加重要。A 选项“AQ is now increasingly being sought at the hiring level.” （AQ 现在在招聘层面上越来越受欢迎。 ） 符合语境， 且 A

43、项 hiring 对应 recruitment。故选 A。 19B【解析】空白处在这一段开头，为该段的总起句，根据后文“First, limit distractions and learn to focus so that you can determine what adaptations to make. Second, ask uncomfortable questions to develop courage and normalize fear. Third, be curious about things that fascinate you by having more con

44、versations rather than Googling the ready answer.（首先，限制分心， 学会集中注意力，这样你就能决定要做出什么样的调整。第二，提出不舒服的问题来培 养勇气，让恐惧正常化。第三，对吸引你的事物保持好奇心，多交谈，而不是搜索现成 的答案） ”该段后面介绍了一些方法来提高适应性， B 选项“One good thing aboutAQ is that experts say you can work to develop it.”（AQ 的一个好处是，专家说你可以努力开发它。 ） 符合语境。故选 B。 20C【解析】空白处为最后一句，对前文进行总结。前

45、文“We may not all be comfortable with the pace of change-but we can prepare.（我们可能都不适应变化的速度，但我们可以做好准 备。 ）”写我们需要为未来的变化准备，如何准备呢？C 选项“The ability to learn, change, grow, experiment will be the key.( 学习、改变、成长、实验的能力将是关键。)” 符合语境， 这些都是上文所说的技能，故选 C。 2020-2021 学年江苏省高一下学期期末考试英语模拟试卷 4 第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2

46、.5 分，满分分，满分 12.5 分）分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。 How to help yourself relax before bed Having trouble sleeping lately? There are a great number of things that can keep a person up at night. Some causes of sleeplessness are beyond our control. 16. Mindful meditation (冥想) You may not b

47、e able to force your mind to quiet down, but a moment of mental silence just might sneak (潜入) up on you. 17. Then it is much easier to pursue that feeling and cause it to take place. 18 Its silly to expect your mind to stop worrying. You can write about all the things that are worrying you and how y

48、ou will deal with them. By putting those solutions on paper, and trying to carry out them, you can reduce the number of troublesome things in your mind. Create a pre-sleep routine Its hard to change from worrying to relaxing if you jump into bed as soon as you finish answering work emails. 19. For e

49、xample, you can have a warm shower, followed by going to bed with a glass of warm milk while listening to some soft music. The best part of this is that such things tend to become more powerful over time. Stay healthy There are some vitamin (维生素) and hormone imbalances that can mess up your energy l

50、evels. 20. Such imbalances can be eased by the use of moderate vitamin supplements and keeping fit through taking natural remedies, such as exercise, healthy diet, good relationships, and so on. APut down your worries BGo to bed as early as you can CThis disorder makes it harder for you to go to sle