（2021新人教版）高中英语必修第三册UNIT4 SPACE EXPLORATION SectionⅡ导学讲义.docx

1、SectionSection ReadingReading andand ThinkingThinking .课标单词 1.单词拼写 astronaut /strnt/n.宇航员;太空人 rocket /rkt/n.火箭;火箭弹 launch /lnt/v.发射;发起;上市 data /det/n.资料;数据 satellite /stlat/n.人造卫星;卫星 vehicle /vikl/n.车辆;交通工具 leap /lip/n.跳跃;剧增;剧变;v.跳过;跃过 ongoing /n/adj.持续存在的;仍在进行的;不断发展的 2.根据英语释义选词填空 mankind, procedure

2、, gravity, frontier, universe, giant, agency, orbit, desire orbit: a path followed by a planet or an object as it moves around another planet, star,moon and so on mankind: all humans, thought about as one large group agency: a business or an organization that provides a special service on behalf of

3、other businesses or organizations procedure: a way of doing sth.,especially the usual or correct way; the official or formal order in business or law gravity: the force that attracts objects in space towards each other giant: an unusually large person, animal or plant; very large or much stronger an

4、d more important universe: the whole of space and everything in it, including the earth, the planets and the stars desire: a strong wish to have or do sth. frontier: a line that separates two countries 3.词汇拓展 mental/mentl/adj.精神的;思想的 mentally /mentli/adv.精神上;智力上;思想上 intelligent /nteldnt/adj.有智慧的;聪明的

5、;有智力的 intelligence /nteldns/ n.智力;才智;智 慧 determine /dtmn/vt.查明;确定;决定 determined /dtmnd/ adj.有决心的;意志坚定的 disappointed /dspntd/adj.失望的;沮丧的 disappoint /dspnt/vt.使失望 independent /ndpendnt/ adj.独立的;自立的 independently /ndpendntli/ adv.独立地;自立 地 signal /snl/vt.标明;发信号;n.信号;标志 sign /san/ n.迹象;符号;记号;手势;指示 牌 succ

6、eed /sksid/vt.继承;继任success /skses/n.成功,胜利;成功的人或事物 successful /sksesfl/ adj.成功的;有成就的 successfully/sksesfli/ adv.成功地;顺利地 .情境语块 1.become the first Chinese astronaut 成为中国第一位宇航员 2.the selection procedure 选拔的过程 3.benefit from Chinas space programme 从中国的太空项目中获益 4.an airline pilot飞机飞行员 5.a training course/p

7、rogramme 培训课程/计划 6.escape Earths gravity 摆脱地球引力 7.realise ones dream 实现的梦想 8.explore the universe 探索宇宙 9.receive mental and physical training 接受心理上和身体上的训练 10.with the development of aerospace science and technology 随着航空航天科技的发展 .情境佳句 1. 句型公式be+adj.+enough+ to do sth. 教材原句First of all, you must be int

8、elligent enough to get a related college degree. 尝试翻译首先,你必须足够聪明以获得相关的大学学位。 2. 句型公式make/let/have+宾语+宾语补足语 教材原句 These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died. 尝试翻译这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但对宇宙探索的渴望从未消失。 3. 句型公式not only.but also. 教材原句 Despite the difficult

9、ies,scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began,but also help us survive well into the future. 尝试翻译 尽管困难重重,科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源,而且能帮助 我们更好地生存到未来。 .文本理解 Step 1Reading for the main idea. Whats the main idea of each paragraph? A.The development an

10、d achievements of modern space technology. B.The strong determination of human beings for future space exploration. C.An early mankinds desire to explore space. D.Space exploration accidents happened in the past. E.About the achievements China has made in a short time. Para. 1:CPara. 2:APara. 3:D Pa

11、ra. 4:EPara. 5:B 阅读技巧 在阅读时,当文章的主题句不是很明显的时候,我们就要反复、仔细地把整段文章多读几遍,抓 住文章的关键词,弄清作者反复强调的意思,从而概括出文章的主旨大意和段落大意。 Step 2Reading for the structure. Fill in the following blanks with proper words. Para. 1 People have always wanted to learn more about space and 1.make vehicles to carry people into space to find

12、out the secrets of the 2.universe. Para. 2 Before the mid-20th century, most people felt 3.travelling into space was an impossible dream. But after many experiments,scientists succeeded in making 4.rockets that could escape Earths 5.gravity. Paras. 34 In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the 6.first person

13、to go into space. In 1969,Neil Armstrong stepped onto the 7.moon. In 2003, Yang Liwei successfully 8.orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.And China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it, which 9.signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a spac

14、e station in the future. Para. 5Europe, the US, and China all have plans to 10.further study and explore space. Step 3Reading for the details. Choose the best answer according to the passage. 1.Which satellite was launched by the USSR in 1957? A.Shenzhou 5. B.Sputnik 1. C.Voyager 1. D.The USSRs Soyu

15、z 11. 答案B 2.Who was the first person in the world to go into space? A.Yang Liwei.B.Neil Armstrong. C.Yuri Gagarin.D.Liu Yang. 答案C 3.Who was the first man to orbit Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft? A.Yang Liwei.B.Zhai Zhigang. C.Fei Junlong.D.Jing Haipeng. 答案A 4.In which satellites all the astronau

16、ts died during their missions? A.The USSRs Soyuz 11 and Americas Challenger. B.Change 4 and Jade Rabbit. C.Challenger and Voyager 1. D.Shenzhou 5 and Shenzhou 6. 答案A .难句突破 1.图解难句 自我分析这是一个主从复合句。句中 that 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 rockets。 尝试翻译经过多次试验,他们成功地制造出了能脱离地球引力的火箭。 2.图解难句 自我分析这是一个主从复合句。句中 because 引导表语从句。 尝试翻译这

17、是因为尽管存在巨大的风险,人们仍然相信继续太空探索的重要性。 .文本复述 Step 1Question Answering 根据课文内容回答下列问题。 1.What did we know about scientists after many experiments? After many experiments,scientists succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earths gravity. 2.Who became the first person to go into space in 1961? In 1961, Yur

18、i Gagarin became the first person to go into space. 3.What achievements have scientists achieved in modern space technology? In 1969, Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon. In 2003, Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth.China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab, which signalled one step further in Chin

19、as plan to establish a space station in the future. 4.What is the future of human space exploration? Europe, the US, and China all have plans to further study and explore space. Step 2Text Retelling 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的 60词左右的短文。 After many experiments,scientists succeeded in making rockets that

20、 could escape Earths gravity.In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person to go into space.In 1969,Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon.In 2003, Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth.China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab, which signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space statio

21、n in the future.Europe, the US, and China all have plans to further study and explore space. 板块一语言知识 1.Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training.(教材 P38) 宇航员不仅要学习如何使用太空装备,而且还要进行很多心理和身体方面的训练。 语言点 1 mental adj.精神的;思想的 情境探究 It

22、is said that taking exercise is good for mental development. 据说锻炼对智力发展有好处。 Long years of civil war in that African country affected peoples physical and mental health. 在那个非洲国家,多年内战影响人们的身心健康。 (2019天津)By delaying the development of mental and physical functioning problems, people can still be engaged

23、in society in their senior years. 通过推迟心理和生理机能问题的发展,人们仍然可以在晚年参与社会。 归纳拓展 (1)mental development 智力发展 physical and mental health 身心健康 physical and mental condition身心状况 (2)physical adj.身体的;肉体的 (3)mentally adv.精神上;智力上;思想上 学以致用 (1)单句填空 She came back from work exhausted,both physically and mentally (mental)

24、. (2)完成句子 教育的目的就是促进孩子们的身心健康。 The purpose of education is to promote childrens physical and mental health. 我们应当多关注老年人的身心状况。 We should focus more on the physical and mental condition of the old. 2.First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.(教材 P39) 首先,你必须足够聪明以拿到有关(航空航

25、天)的大学学位。 Paraphrase:Above all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 语言点 2 first of all 首先;第一;最重要 情境探究 From the first, they didnt trust us. 从一开始,他们就不相信我们。 My son was very strong and didnt turn to me for help from first to last. 我的儿子很强大,自始至终未求助于我。 My parents didnt understand

26、 what I meant at first. After knowing it, they both supported me. 我的父母最初不明白我的意思。后来知道以后,他们都支持我。 归纳拓展 from the (very)first 从一开始 from first to last 从头到尾;自始至终 at first 起先;最初 学以致用 (1)单句填空 First of all, you should improve your spoken English. At first,I didnt know the truth. Actually the country didnt hel

27、p us from first to last. (2)完成句子 作为学生,最重要的是诚实。 As a student,first of all, we should be honest. 语言点 3 intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的 情境探究 But they played out the closing minutes intelligently. 可是他们聪明地在最后几分钟完成了。 We all believe that the artist is of high intelligence. 我们都相信那位艺术家具有高智商。 (鲜活例句)With the dev

28、elopment of modern technology, artificial intelligence has stepped into our daily life. 随着现代科技的发展,人工智能已经走进了我们的日常生活中。 归纳拓展 (1)a highly intelligent student 一个非常聪明的学生 (2)intelligently adv.有智慧地;聪明地;有智力地 (3)intelligence n.智力;才智;智慧 of high intelligence 高智商 artificial intelligence 人工智能 学以致用 (1)单句填空 We beli

29、eve that all children are born with equal intelligence (intelligent). Although the task was hard, he solved it intelligently (intelligent) on his own. I think she is of high intelligence in science. (2)完成句子 苏珊是具有高智商的妇女。 Susan is a woman of high intelligence . 3.After many experiments, they succeeded

30、 in making rockets that could escape Earths gravity. (教材 P40) 经过多次试验,他们成功地制造出了能脱离地球引力的火箭。 语言点 4 succeed vi.成功;继承;办成;做成;有成就 vt.继任;接替;随后出现 情境探究 Im sure that John will succeed him as chairman. 我确信约翰会接替他担任主席的。 Who do you think will succeed to Mr. Lis company? 你认为谁会继承李先生的公司? The campaign against COVID-19

31、 in China is a great success, which is highly praised by other countries in the world. 中国抗击新冠肺炎的战役是一个巨大的成功,获得了世界上其他国家的高度赞扬。 归纳拓展 (1)succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事 succeed sb. as.接替某人担任 succeed to sth.继承(王位、公司等) (2)success n.成功;成功的人或事 (3)successful adj.成功的 (4)successfully adv.成功地 学以致用 (1)单句填空 He succeed

32、ed in passing (pass) the entrance examination and was admitted to Peking University. As a matter of fact, his father is a successful(succeed)doctor. (2)完成句子 我从来没有想到这么小的孩子能成功地解决这道难题。 I never thought such a little child could succeed in dealing with such a difficult problem. 4.However,some scientists

33、were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.(教材 P40) 然而,一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。 语言点 5 determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的 情境探究 Our football team were determined to win the game. 我们足球队的所有队员决心要赢得这场比赛。 There is a determined look on her face. 她脸上的表情很坚定。 I have determined on getting up early

34、in order to catch the early bus. 我已经决定早起以便赶早班车。 (2019天津)We are determined that our training should keep pace with the current development in education. 我们下定决心,我们的培训应该跟上当下教育的发展。 归纳拓展 (1)be determined to do sth.决心做某事 be determined that.决心 (2)determine vt.查明;确定;决定 determine to do sth.决定/决心做某事 determine

35、 on(doing)sth. 决定(做)某事 (3)determination n.决心;决定 with determination 坚决地 头脑风暴 你思考一下,“决心/决定做某事”还有哪些表达? 答案:decide to do sth.; make up ones mind to do sth. 词汇助记 He made up his mind to study abroad, so he was buried in books, and determined to improve his English.Finally, his efforts paid off. So if you d

36、etermine/are determined to do something, be a determined person and go ahead. 他决定去国外学习,所以他就埋头看书,决心提高英语水平。最后,他的努力得到了回报。因此 如果你决心做某件事,那么就成为一个坚定的人并前行吧。 学以致用 (1)单句填空 I have determined ongoing to the countryside after graduating from college. He is determined(determine)to take good care of his parents fro

37、m now on. The determined(determine)expression on her face suggested that she wouldnt change her mind. Helen was a strong girl and she finally achieved her dream with great determination(determine). (2)完成句子 He is determined to make good use of(下定决心好好利用)this chance to learn more about Chinese culture.

38、 5.and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.(教材 P40) 在 1961年 4 月 12日,尤里加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 语言点 6 the first+n./pron.+to do sth. 第一个做的 情境探究 The girl is the best person to finish the whole work. 那个女孩是完成整个工作最好的人。 He is always the last to leave the classroom.

39、 他总是最后一个离开教室。 (2018浙江)Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance to keep American strength. 弗里德曼指出,绿色经济是保持美国实力的一个机会。 归纳拓展 (1)中心词为序数词或被序数词及形容词最高级等修饰时,常用不定式作后置定语。 (2)不定式作后置定语的其他情况: 中心词被 the only,the very 等修饰时。 抽象名词 ability,chance, attempt, promise,reason,time, way 等后常用不定式作后置定语。 学以致用 (1)单句填

40、空 She was the first person to think (think) of the idea. I think he is the very person to be (be)equal to the position. (2)完成句子 威廉是最不可能说谎的人。 William is the last person to tell a lie. 6.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.(教材 P41) 这些灾难让

41、每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但对宇宙探索的渴望从未消失。 语言点 7 disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的 情境探究 The fans were disappointed in/with the film star when they learned some negative news about him on the website. 当粉丝们在网站上得知了一些关于那位电影明星的负面新闻之后,他们对他特别失望。 The teacher is disappointed at/about Tonys attitude towards study. 老师对托尼的学习态度感到失望。 (鲜活

42、例句)I am disappointed to find that she didnt tell the truth to our government. 我很失望地发现她并没有向政府说实话。 归纳拓展 (1)be disappointed in/with sb./sth.对某人/某事失望 be disappointed at/about sth.对某事失望 be disappointed to do sth.对做某事感到失望 (2)disappoint vt.使失望 (3)disappointing adj.令人失望的 (4)disappointment n.失望 to ones disap

43、pointment令某人失望的是 词汇助记 The disappointing news that he failed the exam made him very disappointed. 他没有通过考试,这令人沮丧的消息让他感到非常失望。 学以致用 (1)单句填空 Although I was disappointed(disappoint)I couldnt keep the toys,I was somewhat proud to take them back. We were greatly disappointed to know(know)that she was absent

44、. The fans looked quite disappointedwhen they heard the disappointing result.(disappoint) (2)完成句子 使我感到失望的是,他的行为引起了我们之间的一些误会。 To my disappointment,his behaviour caused some misunderstanding between us. 语言点 8 desire n.渴望;欲望;vt.渴望;期望 情境探究 I had a desire to win the game. 我渴望赢那场比赛。 Our students come from

45、 different backgrounds but have the same desire for online learning. 我们的学生来自不同的背景,但都渴望网上学习。 We always desire to live in peace with our neighbors. 我们一直期望同邻居和平相处。 归纳拓展 (1)have a desire to do 有做的渴望 have a desire for有的渴望 (2)desire to do.渴望做 desire that.希望 误区警示 (1)desire that+主语+(should+)动词原形,意为“希望”(desi

46、re 后的从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词 用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略)。 (2)后跟名词性从句,从句谓语用“(should+) 动词原形”的动词: 一个“坚持”(insist); 两道“命令”(order,command); 四条“建议”(suggest,propose,advise, recommend); 五点“要求”(demand,desire,request, require,urge) 学以致用 (1)单句填空 He desires to join(join)the army and devote himself to the country. Several p

47、eople have expressed a desireto see(see)the report. Fashion is a competitive and hard business where peoples desire for new ideas is hard to satisfy. (2)完成句子 在昨天的会议上,经理要求那个项目应当按时完成。 At yesterdays meeting,the manager desired that the project be finished on time. 7.This is because people believe in th

48、e importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. (教材 P41) 这是因为尽管存在巨大的风险,人们仍然相信继续太空探索的重要性。 语言点 9 carry on 继续做;坚持干 情境探究 After the meal, the managers went back to the meeting room to carry on their discussion. 吃完饭后,经理们回到会议室继续他们的讨论。 He gave himself a new name to hide his identity wh

49、en he went to carry out the secret task. 当他去执行秘密任务时,他给自己起了一个新名字以掩盖他自己的身份。 He asked us to assist him in carrying through his plan. 他请求我们帮他顺利实现他的计划。 归纳拓展 (1)carry on sth.继续;坚持 carry on with sth.继续做某事 carry on doing sth.继续做某事 (2)carry out 进行;贯彻;执行;实施 (3)carry through 顺利实现;成功完成 (4)carry off赢得;成功地对付 学以致用

50、 (1)用 carry 相关短语的适当形式填空 Although faced with so many difficulties,they still carry on with their research. The support of her mother carried Jane Goodall through and she devoted herself to the study of chimps. (2)完成句子 史密斯教授不在的时候,这个队不得不继续进行下去。 The team will have to carry on without Professor Smith. 语言