（2021新人教版）高中英语选择性必修第一册课时分层作业15 同步练习 .doc

1、1 课时分层作业(十五) .阅读理解 A Its not every day that United States history mixes with microbes (微生物)in the soil.But when the grassland on the National Mall in Washington, D C.was replaced, it offered scientists the opportunity to study changes in the soil beneath. The work focused on the bacteria present in

2、the soil.To the researchers surprise, thecommunitiesofmicrobesdidnotchangealotbeforeandafterthe replacement.These communities in the soil are known as the soil microbiome(微生物 群). “My lab is interested in how microbes can move around in the environment, and how they change and adapt as a result of th

3、is movement， ” explains Jo Anne Crouch，the lead author of the study.“We thought that the new imported turf(草 皮)from New Jersey would introduce differentcommunitiesofbacteriato the National Mall.However, we found that they werent significantly different.” Crouchs work focused on turf grass, defined a

4、s a large area of green grass.It is made up of the grass，its roots, and the soil and microbes found with them. Think of the soil microbiome as similar to the collection of microbes found in the human body.When the microbes are out of balance, it can make someone sick.Crouch says its the same for the

5、 soil microbiome.Many of the worst diseases in crops or other environments arelinkedwithchanges in the soil microbiome. Additionally, Crouch says that even though the changes between the soils were small, scientists are also starting to appreciate that sometimes a really important microbe is a rare

6、one.This means it would be hard to observe butcouldgreatly affecthowthegroups function as a whole.“Agricultural areas and other natural spaces are highly and easily hurt by negative changes， ”she says. “Microbiomes offer an almost entirelynew opportunity to influenceinteractions amongplants andmicro

7、bes to improve plant productivity and health.” 语篇解读本文主要介绍对微生物群落的研究，该研究对农业是有益的。 1Why did the researchers feel surprised when they focused on the bacteria in the soil? 2 AMore bacteria appeared in the soil. BMicrobes were replaced obviously. CSoil microbiome almost remained stable. DThe soil microbiom

8、es damaged the environment. C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To the researchers surprise，the communities of microbes did not change a lot before and after the replacement.”可 知，让研究者惊讶的是土壤微生物群落变化不大，C 项与该意思相符。 2By studying the turf grass, what did Crouch and her team find? AMicrobes grew faster in their own community. B

9、Soil microbiomes were different in different places. CTurf grass adapted to the environment nearby very soon. DSimilar communities of bacteria were brought by turf grass. D细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三两句可知，通过研究草坪草，克劳奇 和她的团队发现草坪草带来了类似的细菌群落。 3Why did the author mention the microbes in the human body? ATo indicate t

10、he two play a similar role. BTo prove they are both the causes of diseases. CTo examine the environments people live in. DTo analyze the changes of human microbes. A推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Think of the soil microbiome as similar to the collection of microbes found in the human body.”可知，作者提到人体内的微 生物是为了表示，它们两者

11、起了相似的作用。 4What does Crouch mean in the last paragraph? AMicrobes are still as hard to observe as before. BStudieson microbiomescan bebeneficialto agriculture. CScientists are still puzzled about the effect of microbiomes. DToo many microbiomes in the soil mean no harm to plants. B推理判断题。 根据文章的最后一句提到“

12、微生物群落提供了一个几乎全 新的机会来影响植物和微生物之间的相互作用，以提高植物的产量和健康。”由 此可知，微生物群落的研究对农业是有益的。 3 B I left England for Sydney in September.It was a career move for my husband, andour20yearold daughter was feeling adventurous and decided to come, too.However，just before leaving England，my 79yearold mother suffered a stroke (

13、中风).Being strong and independent, she continues to live at home with the help of social services.But she couldnt look after the garden.I thought how wonderful it would be if there was an organisation offering volunteer help.Friends asked me what I planned to do in Australia, and I told them I would

14、be looking for a volunteer position with a gardening charitable organisation.Imagine my surprise when I found just the organisation I had been looking forEasy Care Gardening(ECG)! There are several reasons why I volunteer for ECG.Firstly，as a newcomer to Australia I meet many great people who，like m

15、e, volunteer some of their time.We cover a large age range, but all love gardens and helping others. Secondly，through working with ECG I have been lucky enough to explore Sydneys North Shore that I might not have had the opportunity to visit otherwise. Finally, there are all those wonderful people w

16、e call “clients(客户)” but are more like friends when we visit them often and tend their gardens.What great people I have met，and the stories they have to tellthe family histories，where they come from and the reasons for immigrating to Australia.I find it a privilege to have access to private gardens

17、which, in many cases, have been the joy of their owners for many years.Each one is individual and reflects the character, needs and the history of each family.Indeed, the gardens reflect the multicultural and historical background of Sydney. 语篇解读作者因个人经历决定在澳大利亚做园艺志愿者，帮助客户打理 花园。这一工作不仅让作者能帮助他人，而且也给作者带来

18、了很多收获。 5Why did the author move to Sydney? AHer husband would work there. BShe planned to volunteer there. CShe was very keen on adventures. DShe had to look after her sick mother. A细节理解题。根据“I left England for Sydney in September.It was a career 4 move for my husband.”可知，这次搬去悉尼是由于作者丈夫的工作变动，故 选 A 项。

19、6What made the author choose to be a gardening volunteer? AThe popularity of ECG. BThe tips of her friends. CHer own experience. DHer gardening skills. C推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者的母亲患中风不能打理花园，希望 有一个能帮助他人打理花园的慈善组织， 这段经历使她萌生了做园艺志愿者的想 法。 7What do the volunteers at ECG have in common? AThey make friends with thei

20、r clients. BThey like to explore Sydneys North Shore. CThey are of similar ages and backgrounds. DThey are kindhearted with the same interest. D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We cover a large age range，but all love gardens and helping others.”可知，该组织有各个年龄段的志愿者，他们都喜欢园 艺和帮助他人。由此可知，他们都善良并有共同的兴趣。 8What does the underline

21、d word “one” in Paragraph 4 refer to? AClient.BGarden. CReason.DJoy. B代词指代题。根据“I find it a privilege to have access to private gardens”可 知，中心词是 garden，再结合“Indeed，the gardens reflect the multicultural and historical background of Sydney.”可推断出，这里的 one 指的是 garden。 .读后续写 阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一

22、篇完 整的短文。 I was a volunteer for an organization at the beginning of this year.The organization is aimed at helping children who suffer from cancer.One day，we were asked to raise money for cancer research and program funding at an event. 5 Since my friend Lisa was also a volunteer for the organization

23、.I went to the event with her.There were many people at the event.After seeing our poster，some people came to us and talked with us.But few people donated money.It was a bit hot that day.Both Lisa and I got really upset. Half an hour later, Lisa started complaining, “I dont think we can raise much m

24、oney today.” “Dont worry.The event lasts for three hours.There is still a lot of time left， ”I said, though I also thought poorly of our plan to raise much money that day. While Lisa and I were talking, a little boy of about eight years old came to us.He stood in front of our poster and started read

25、ing. After a while, he asked , “What is cancer？” I explained what cancer is.Then I said, “Many people around the world are suffering from cancer.It can be really dangerous.More research is needed to learn about it so that people with it can suffer less.Thats why were collecting money for it.” “Do ch

26、ildren suffer from cancer, too？” asked the boy. “ Yes.Many children suffer from cancer.Some of them may die.They need help.”Lisa said and I nodded. Hearing that, the boy became sad.Then the boy asked， “How much money have you collected？” Both Lisa and I were embarrassed to tell him that we didnt rai

27、se much money.At last, we said, “Not much.” The boy looked into our donation container and only saw a few onedollar and fivedollar bills.The boy said nothing after seeing that and left.Then some girls came to us and we started talking with them.Neither Lisa nor I thought the boy would return.However

28、，about twenty minutes later, the boy did return. 注意：1.续写的词数应为 150 左右； 2请按如下格式作答。 The boy happily ran to us and asked, “ Would you take a donation from children ？”_ _ _ 6 _ Both Lisa and I were deeply touched._ _ _ _ 参考范文 The boy happily ran to us and asked, “ Would you take a donation from children？

29、”Lisa and I looked at each other.We couldnt believe such a little boy would care.Though we didnt believe it，we said “yes” The boy put his hand in his pocket and took out some fivedollar bills.He said， “I just asked for them from my mother.I really want to help the children suffering from cancer.” Bo

30、th Lisa and I were deeply touched.We thanked the boy ， but he left soon.Looking at his back，both Lisa and I were greatly encouraged.We wanted to try harder to raise money.So instead of just standing there，we went to people and told them about our program.At the end of the day，we raised over three thousand dollars， a lot more than Lisa and I had expected in the beginning.