（2021新外研版）高中英语必修第二册unit6单元知识总结.doc

1、1 Unit 6Earth first 重点词汇重点词汇 1.scared adj.惊恐的,恐惧的 (be) scared to death 吓死了 be scared of 害怕 scare v. 使(某人)惊恐,吓唬 scare sb away 把某人吓跑 2.extinction n.灭绝,绝种 3.attitude n.态度,看法 4.devote v.致力,献身,倾注 devote oneself to 献身于;致力于;专心于 devote.to.把用于;把献给 devoted adj.忠诚的;专心的 be devoted to 深爱;致力于;专心于 devotion n.关爱;献身

2、;奉献;忠诚 5.supply n.供应 supply sb with sth 给某人提供某物 supply sth to sb 给某人提供某物 be well/poorly supplied with 供应充足/缺乏 in short supply 供不应求 6.reduce v.减少,降低 reduce.by.把减少了 2 reduce.to.把减少到;把变为某种状态 be reduced to 陷入某种境地(to 为介词) 7.permission n.许可,允许 8.amount n.数量,数额 【温馨提示】 “a large/huge amount of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动

3、 词用单数;“large/huge amounts of+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用 复数。 Ahuge amount of money was spent on the new bridge last year. =Huge amounts of money were spent on the new bridge last year. 去年建这座新桥花了很多钱。 9.contribute v.促成,造成(某事发生) contribute sth to.把某物捐献给 contribute to 有助于;捐献;导致;投稿 contribution n. 捐献;贡献 make a cont

4、ribution/contributions to 对做出贡献 10.average adj.平均(数)的 on average 平均 an average of.平均有 with an average of 平均为 above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下 重点句式 3 1.Some people stopped swimming in the sea,afraid of the horrible creature from the film.(教材 P62) 有些人因为害怕电影里可怕的生物而停止在海里游泳。 【句式剖析】 afraid of the horr

5、ible creature from the film 是形容词短语,在句中作原 因状语。形容词短语作状语时,通常用来描述主语的特征或所处的状 况。 The little girl was walking in the street,cold and hungry. 小姑娘在大街上走着,又冷又饿。 Long and untidy,her hair played in the breeze. 她的头发又长又乱,在微风中飘扬。 【句式拓展】 形容词短语作状语: 作用:说明主语的情况,与谓语动词无关 类型:方式状语、原因状语、伴随状语等 位置:句首、句中或句末,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开 Sad a

6、nd tired,the young man slept all day long. 这个年轻人又伤心又疲惫,睡了一整天。 2.It was an area where fishermen were finning,and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks.(教材 P63) 这是一个渔民生切鱼鳍的地方,海底布满了死去的鲨鱼。 【句式剖析】 4 where fishermen were finning 是定语从句,修饰 area。一般而言,where 在定语从句中用来指代地点,其先行词往往是表示地点的名词,where 在从句中充当地点状语。 【

7、句式拓展】 (1)where 引导的定语从句通常可用“介词+which”替换,其中的介词根 据先行词或定语从句中谓语动词来决定。 (2)当先行词是 point,situation,case,occasion 等抽象名词时,其后常用 where 引导定语从句,分别相当于 at which,in which,in which 和 on which。 (3)from 后可以接 where,构成 from where 结构,其中的 where 可以看作 是名词,也可当作关系代词。 (4)where 引导定语从句和状语从句的区别:where 引导定语从句 时,where 是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,

8、其前面有表示地点的先行 词,where引导的从句修饰先行词;where引导状语从句时,where是从属 连词,where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地点 的先行词。 This is the farm where / on which they used to live. 这是他们过去住过的农场。 Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her. 她的病已发展到没人能治的地步。 3.The less energy you use,the less carbon dioxide is rele

9、ased.(教材 P66) 你使用的能量越少,二氧化碳的释放就越少。 5 【句式剖析】 “The+比较级.,the+比较级.” 意为 “越就越” ,第一个 “The+ 比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时,从句用一般现在 时表示将来);第二个“the+比较级”是主句。 The more you speak English,the better your English will become. 你说英语越多,你的英语水平就会越高。 【句式拓展】(1)“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级”表示 “越来越”。 Holiday flight tickets are

10、 getting less and less expensive. 假期的机票越来越便宜了。 (2)“the+比较级+of (the)+名词/代词”,表示“(两者中)较的”。 Of the two cameras,I would prefer the smaller one,which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机,我喜欢较小的一个,它容易携带。 4.However,making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three tim

11、es the amount of water.(教材 P68) 然而,制造一个纸袋所需的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍,所需的水是 制造一个塑料袋的三倍。 【句式剖析】 four times as much energy as.是“倍数+as+原级+as”结构,是英语倍数 的一种表示方法。 【句式拓展】 6 (1)“倍数+比较级+than” The hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅的面积比我们教室大五倍。 (2)“倍数+the size/length+of+其他” The newly broadened square is fou

12、r times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 (3)“倍数+what 从句” The production is now three times what it was ten years ago. 现在的产量是十年前的三倍。 The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago. 这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。 (4)“计量名词+of+名词+be+倍数+that+of” The size of the sun is a million times over that of the earth. 太阳的体积比地球的体积大一百万倍。 The depth of this river is three times that of Wenhe River. 这条河的深度是汶河的三倍。