（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语必修第一册（高一上期）英语阅读理解+七选五专项训练四含答案与详解.docx

1、阅读理解+七选五专项训练四 阅读理解 A Notre Dame, the cathedral(大教堂) that serves as one of Pariss most beloved monuments, is on fire. According to The New York Times, the fire began around 6：30 pm. local time, when tourists urgently rushed out of the building. While Andre Finot, a spokesman for the cathedral, told T

2、he Times that the cause of the fire is still unknown and that no one has been hurt while damage to the building appears catastrophic(灾难性的) CNN reports that over 400 firefighters have been sent to fight the fire, but that they may be unable to save the cathedral. Built in the 12th century, Notre Dame

3、 houses several relics important to Catholics(天主教徒). NBC News reports that relics from Saint Genevieve and Saint Denis may have been lost, together with a relic believed to be from Jesus Christs crown of thorns, but it states that authorities now believe that the cathedral has been saved from “total

4、 destruction” Notre Dame is visited by a reported 30，000 people a day and 13 million people per year. Its destruction represents a global cultural loss. “This is just horrible，” Mohamed Megdoul, 33, a filmproducerandwitnesstothefiretoldTheTimes,speakingthroughtears. “A_thousand_years_of_history_is_b

5、eing_wiped_away. This belonged to the whole world, and now its disappearing.” French President Emmanuel Macron expressed his sadness on Twitter. “Notre Dame of Paris in flames，” reads an English translation of his statement. “Emotion for a whole nation. Thoughts for all Catholics and for all the Fre

6、nch. Like all our countrymen, Im sad tonight to see this part of us burn.” Other politicians, including Melanis Trump, London Mayor Sadiq Khan, the UKPrime Minister Theresa May also shared their sadness on Twitter. Adapted from All World Report ofApril 16th, 2019 () 1. What do we know about Notre Da

7、me according to the passage? A.It has been completely destroyed by the fire. B.Its a huge political loss to the world. C.Its only meaningful to Catholics. D.The reason of the fire remained to be found out. () 2. What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph imply? A.The history of France

8、is destroyed because of the fire. B.The loss the fire caused is huge. C.The damage of Notre Dame is being wiped off. D.The cathedral has been saved from “total destruction” () 3. Whats the purpose of writing the passage? A.To report a disaster of Notre Dame. B.To express peoples sadness of the destr

9、uction. C.To emphasize the value of Notre Dame. D.To show the concerns from the worldwide. B Maybe you have one neighbour who just looks out of the window, looking angry at everyone and everything that crosses the path.And though you think you know what is going on in his head, sometimes you could b

10、e wrong. I have such a neighbour. First you see this badtempered old man looking out of his window, taking in everything that is happening on his block. To be exact, he looks angry over just everything, so most neighbours think he is rude. But his heart is gold. When he saw one woman neighbour shout

11、ing angrily at her son after he broke her coffee maker, this illtempered old man went and bought her a new one. But he didnt want the mother to know so. Instead, he made it look like he was just throwing it away. And that one secret good deed was just the tip of the iceberg(冰山). When he saw another

12、neighbour with a crying baby because of the heat, he got a fan, took it to the neighbours room and made it look like it had been sitting there all the time. He thought he was being strange and no one would know all the kindness he had shared. But a little girl next door knew this illtempered neighbo

13、urs secrets. She carefully drew a picture of the old man dressed as Father Christmas and put it on the wall. So when Christmas came, this little girl had a surprise for the blocks secret Father Christmas. This valuable poster is such an important reminder that the holiday season is about giving out

14、of love, even if no one else knows. How sweet it is! () 4. What does the underlined word “badtempered” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Extremely dependent.B.Very interesting. C.Totally bored.D.Often angry. () 5. What do most neighbours think of the old man? A.Kind.B.Unfriendly.C.Healthy.D.Unlucky. () 6. Why

15、did the old man pretend to throw away his coffee maker? A.To frighten the son.B.To show his anger to the mother. C.To help the mother and her son secretly. D.To remind the mother of buying a new one. () 7. Why did the little girl draw the old man as Father Christmas? A.To please kids.B.To show his k

16、indness. C.To make fun of him.D.To blame the neighbours. C In 1968 Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson set an intelligence test for a class of primary school children at “Oak School”(an invented name) in San Francisco. The teachers were told that the intelligence test had two purposes. Firstly, it

17、would measure the IQ of the children and secondly it would predict 20% of students who, no matter what their performance to date was like, would be likely to make the most progress during the next school year. The teachers were then told who the predicted top improvers would be. At the end of the sc

18、hool year, eight months later, the intelligence test was carried out again and, perhaps not surprisingly, the results showed that the 20% of children who had been predicted to improve the most, did in fact do so. They showed, on average, an increase of 12 IQ points on the test, compared with an incr

19、ease of only 8 points for the other children. But the fact is that no results of any test were used to predict who would be the top performers. Instead, the lucky children who the teachers were told would be the top improvers were given this label as a matter of chance. This study shows that the lab

20、el that you are given, and your interaction(互动) with others who notice that label, can have a big influence on the results that you achieve. This phenomenon(现象) has been called the Rosenthal Effect. It is also known as the Pygmalion Effect, related most famously to the George Bernard Shaws play Pygm

21、alion, which shows the effect that two men have in changing an untidy flower girl into a wellspoken lady. For ethical(道德的) reasons the researchers at “Oak School” only concentrated on trying to produce positive results in the childrens performance. However, it is worth asking yourself what the effec

22、ts on the 20% of students considered least likely to improve in the following school year might have been.Afrightening thought. () 8. What did the study find about the predicted top performers at the end of the school year? A.They showed more interest in tests. B.They really made the most progress.

23、C.They became less confident than before. D.They were as intelligent as the other children. () 9. How were the top performers chosen? A.According to the teachers judgement.B.Based on the test results. C.By chance.D.Openly. () 10. What can we infer about the 20% of students mentioned in the last para

24、graph? A.They might be willing to accept positive results. B. They would likely have frightening thoughts. C.They would likely make the least progress. D.They might work much harder than before. () 11. What is the text mainly about? A.The Rosenthal Effect.B.Aplay by George Bernard Shaw. C.A school i

25、n San Francisco.D.The labels given to children. D Have you ever wondered why certain pop songs just make you feel so good? Researchers studying the question found that uncertainty and surprise give listeners the most pleasure.The study included 80，000 chords(和弦)in 745 pop songs between 1958 and 1991

26、. Each song was stripped of its melody(旋律)and lyrics(歌词) so that only chords were left and the results couldnt be misunderstood by other imaginations of the songs that listeners might have had. They found two things. Listeners got great pleasure from unexpected chords when they knew what would happe

27、n. However, they still found it pleasant to hear familiar chords when they did not know what would follow. Vincent Cheung, the lead researcher, said, “Pleasant songs are likely those which keep a good balance between knowing what is going to happen next and surprising us with something we did not ex

28、pect.Understanding how music starts our pleasure system in the brain could explain why listening to music might help us feel better when we are feeling blue.” Cheung told CNN that pleasure in music is connected to expectation. The study before had looked into the effects of surprise on pleasure, but

29、 his teams study also paid attention to the uncertainty of listeners expectations. ()12. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean? A. Taken.B.Added.C. Played.D. Recorded. ()13. What does the study find? A. Expected music is exciting.B. Unexpected chords bring pleasure. C. Familiar music is

30、boring.D. Unfamiliar chords are hard to follow. ()14. What can we learn about pleasant songs from Cheungs words? A. They can explain human nature.B. They can improve our pleasure system. C. They make some people feel blue.D. They balance expectation and surprise. ()15. What is the purpose of the pas

31、sage? A. To introduce the findings of a scientific study. B. To show the importance of music in our life. C. To compare different studies on music. D. To experiment music in science. 七选五七选五 A If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have lau

32、ghed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. _1_ The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. _2_ We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and wa

33、lked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning. I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderne

34、ss. _3_ Instead, we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. _4_ We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twentyeightfoot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a builtin TV set. Th

35、ere is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. _5_ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going

36、 to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F.After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 f

37、eet tall. 1.2.3.4.5. B Do you have a spare room in your house? Do you like to share your driveway in front of your garage with others? _1_ Many people are benefiting from this new business of renting. Perhaps the bestknown example of a company in this field is Airbnban American web business which al

38、lows you to rent out your spare room to holidaymakers. It says it operates in 34， 000 cities and it has 800，000 listings of rooms and apartments. _2_ A British company is doing something with parking spaces. JustParks founder, Anthony Eskinazi, says, “When I had the original idea, I spotted a drivew

39、ay close to a sports stadium. It would have been so convenient if I could have just parked in that driveway rather than in a commercial car park.” _3_ Around 20，000 people have advertised their spaces on the website, and he says around half a million drivers use it. _4_ They are people who run thing

40、s like traditional hotels and commercial car parks. They are afraid of ending up losing money. _5_ Regulations for these new businesses are unclear. How will renting out your driveway affect your neighbours? Because this is a new business world, those rules arent there yet. A. They seem to have occu

41、pied the majority of the market. B. Both of these can help you make money. C.And there is another problem. D.And his great idea has proved a success. E. But the new business of renting has its competitors. F. There are many ways to earn money. G.Acommercial car park is inconvenient. 1.2.3.4.5. C Muc

42、h of the work in todays world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. _1_ Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent? _2_ They focused on football，basketball and ba

43、seball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the teams performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isnt evident in baseball, where a

44、dditional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance. To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions._3_ In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on te

45、ammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal p

46、oint total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the teams performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” _4_ Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players m

47、ay make less effort. Just as in a game of tugofwar(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force. _5_ An Ateam may require a balancenot just A players, but a few generous B players as well. A. Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team

48、 owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent. C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream

49、team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. 1.2.3.4.5. 答案与详解 阅读理解 13 DBA47 DBCB811 BCCA1215 ABDA 七选五 15 DCAFE15 BADEC15 BEGDF 详解 A 【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了举世闻名的法国巴黎圣母院发生火灾 的相关信息。 1. D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“While An

50、dre Finot, a spokesman for the cathedral, told The Times that the cause of the fire is still unknown and that no one has been hurt while damage to the building appears catastrophic(灾难性的)”及第二段中的“the cathedral has been saved from total destruction”可知，这起火灾的原因还不得而知，对建筑的破坏 是灾难性的，但并没有被完全破坏。故选 D。 2. B解析： 推