Unit 1 Reading 知识点学案-（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语必修第一册（高一上期）（有答案）.doc

1、1 B1U1 Back to school Reading 旧知温习 lead to导 致 ，造 成 ( 后 果) ；引导(某人) ；使 得出(观点) in time最后； 终于 set up创建； 建立； 安排give up放弃 at least至少get on well相处融洽 put.together组装； 组织take an active part in积极参加 sign up for报名参加be proud of为感到自豪 come true实现in the beginning起初； 开始 make friends with sb与某人交朋友be used to.习惯于 新知探究 1

2、.Senior high school brings a lot of new experience s to everyone. 高中给每个人带来了新的体验。 知识点 senioradj.中学的(收 11 或 13 岁以上学生) ；级别高的：高级水平的；老年的 The man has ten years experience at senior management level. 这个人有十年的高层管理经验。 知识拓展 2 (1) senior 作形容词时的常见用法： be senior to sb比某人级别(或地位) 高的 a senior officer/manager/lecturer

3、高级军官/经理/讲师 a senior partner in a law firm律师事务所的高级合伙人 a senior post/position高级职位 senior citizen资深公民， 老年人(委婉说法， 尤指退休者) senior high school(senior high)(美国) 高中 The meeting should be chaired by the most senior person present. 会议应由在座的职位最高的人主持。 In the company Tom is senior to me， though hes younger. 在公司里，汤

4、姆比我职位高，尽管他比我年轻。 (2) senior 还可以作名词： seniorn.级别(或地位)较高者；较年长的人；高水平运动员 be.years sbs senior/be sbs senior by.years大某人.岁；比某人大岁 She felt unappreciated both by her colleagues and her seniors. 她觉得无论同事还是上司都不赏识她。 She is my senior by three years. 她比我大三岁。 (3) 与 be senior to 结构相似的用法： be superior to比优秀 be inferior

5、 to比差 be junior to比年纪小； 地位(或职位) 比低 This model is technically superior to its competitors. 这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。 (4) 与 senior 对应的词： junioradj.(学校) 为 11 或 13 岁以下儿童设立的； 地位(或级别)低的；青少年的 n.职位较低者：青少年运动员 3 be.years sbs junior/be sbs junior by.years小某人岁；比某人小.岁 She is four years his junior. =She is his junior b

6、y four years. 她比他小四岁。 即学即用 (1)单句语法填空 Im three years senior_my younger brother， but not taller than him. It is impolite of children to cut in when their_ (senior) are talking. My brother is my senior _two years. As a new worker，Richard was junior _those who had been in the company for a long time. Of

7、 the two books， I think this one is superior_that one. (2)完成句子。 自从我成为一名高中生以来，我的英语学习取得了很大的进步。 I have made great progress in my English study since I became_. 答案：1.to 2.seniors 3.by 4.to 5.to 6.a senior high school student 2.Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges： a new environment， new knowled

8、ge and new ways of thinking. 你面前的路通向一个充满挑战的世界：一个全新的环境,新的知识和新的思维方式。 知识点 challengen.挑战；质疑 Im crazy about basketball since it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life. 我迷恋篮球，因为它一直给我面对生活挑战的力量。 知识拓展 (1) challenge 作名词时的常见用法： face a challenge面临挑战 4 accept/take up a challenge接受挑战 Ma

9、king a speech in public is really a challenge for some people. 对一些人来说，在公共场合演讲真是个挑战。 Schools must meet the challenge of new technology. 学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。 (2) challenge 还可以作动词： challengevt.挑战；质疑 challenge sb to sth向某人挑战某事 challenge sb to do sth(尤指在对方不情愿时) 强烈建议某人做某事 Walking upright challenges the human bon

10、e structure，and limits the size of brains. 直立行走对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，限制了人的头脑的大小。 The man challenged me to a fight after we fell out. 我们吵起来后，这个男人说要和我较量较量。 The opposition leader challenged the prime minister to call an election. 反对党领袖要求首相宣布进行大选。 (3) challenge 对应的形容词形式: challengingadj.挑战性的； 考验能力的 As far as I

11、 can see， it is a challenging role for an inexperienced performer . 在我看来，这对于缺乏经验的表演者来说是一个具有挑战性的角色。 即学即用 (1)单句语法填空。 Today my friend Mike challenged me_a game of chess. Mrs Hudson gently guided me， challenging me_(do) the right thing. WhenpreparingfortheEnglishspeechcontest,Ifounditvery_ (challenge) t

12、o collect information and use language correctly. Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious _(challenge) we face. (2)完成句子。 在我们的日常生活中，我们不可避免地时常遇到各种各样的挑战。 In our daily life， we unavoidably come across_now and then. 5 中国决心采取强有力的措施来应对任何挑战国家主权的举动。 China is determined to take forceful meas

13、ures in response to any moves that _ the countrys sovereignty. 答案：1.to 2.to do 3.challenging 4.challenges 5.various challenges 6.challenge 3.However， for those of you with a positive mind，opportunity lies in each challenge. 但是， 对你们当中思维积极的人来说，机会存在于每一个挑战中。 知识点 lie in存在， 在于 The problem lies in how to f

14、ind the right people to do the job. 问题在于怎么找到合适的人来做这个工作。 知识拓展 (1) lie in 的同义词组是 consist in。 Happiness doesnt of consist in how many possessions you own. 幸福不在于你拥有多少财产。 (2) lie 可以作动词和名词： lie 作动词的常见用法: lievi.说谎；躺；位于 lie to sb对某人撒谎 lie down躺下 Dont lie to me. 不要对我撒谎。 I need to lie down and rest. 我需要躺下休息。

15、6 lie 作名词的常见用法： lien.谎言 tell a lie/lies说谎； 撒谎 a white lie善意的谎言 Dont tell lies， not even a white lie. 不要说谎，甚至连善意的谎言都不行。 (3) lie 对应的另一个名词形式： liarn.说谎者 Show me a liar， and I will show you a thief.谚语 说谎是偷窃的开始。 词汇辨析 原形词性意义现在分词过去式过去分词 lievi.说谎lyingliedlied lievi.躺；卧；位于lyinglaylain layvt.放置；产卵layinglaidlai

16、d The Rocky Mountains lie in the west part of America. 落基山脉位于美国西部。 His greatness lies in his deep understanding of human nature. 他的伟大在于对人性的深层次理解。 Dont lie to me anymore， or I will lose faith in you. 不要再对我说谎了，否则我就对你失去了信任。 Mothers always lay babies on their backs to sleep. 母亲们总是会把婴儿平躺着放下睡觉。 7 即学即用 (1)

17、单句语法填空。 The survivors _(lie) on the beach，exhausted and shocked. He thought I was_ (lie) to him， in fact， whereas I was telling the truth. The moment the bell rang,he _(lay)the book and rushed out of the classroom. Having_(lie) in bed for as long as two weeks， he couldnt wait to get outside. (2)完成有子

18、。 成功在于经历失败还继续努力的能力。 Success _the ability to continue efforts through failures. 答案：1.lay 2.lying 3.laid 4.lain 5.lies in/consists in 4.When you rise to the challenges，you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. 当你够处理这些挑战的时候， 你就有机会获得大量的知识，享受个人成长的快乐。 知识点 rise to能

19、够处理 The new government must rise to the challenge of its enhanced responsibilities. 新政府必须能够处理挑战，承担更多的责任。 知识拓展 rise 可以作动词和名词： rise 作动词时的常见用法： risevi 升高；上升 rise to the occasion应付自如； 随机应变 rise to/by上升到/了 rise to ones feet站起身 The backup quarterback rose to the occasion and led the team to victory. 候补四分卫

20、临危受命，带领球队打赢了比赛。 8 It predicts this number will rise to more than eight million by the year two thousand thirty. 预计这个数字将会在 2030 年上升到 800 万。 The old man slowly rose to his feet and left the meeting room without saying a word. 这位老人慢慢地站起身，一句话也没说就离开了会议室。 rise 作名词时的常见用法： risen.上升；升起；增加 on the rise在增加 give

21、 rise to引起； 使发生(或存在) rise and fall起伏； 兴衰； 涨落 The food shortage gave rise to the serious problems. 食品的短缺引起了严重的问题。 Cadence means the rise and fall of the voice in reading with rhythm. 顿挫抑扬是形容朗读时声音的高低曲折与和谐的节奏。 即学即用 (1)单句语法填空。 The number of the students has grown from 1,500 to 2, 500.This means it has r

22、isen_ 66.7 percent. After the knee injury， he managed to rise_his feet and returned to the court. Medical related emergencies are_ the rise with more old people living alone. (2) 完成句子。 这是个艰巨的任务，不过我确信他能应付这个挑战。 It is a difficult task， but Im sure hell_. 答案：1.by 2.to 3.on 4.rise to the challenge 知识点 2

23、acquirevt.获得， 得到 Only when wealth is acquired by means of honest labour can it bring happiness. 9 只有通过诚实劳动获得的财富才能带来幸福。 知识拓展 (1) acquire 作动词时的常见用法： acquire skills/knowledge/experience获得技能/知识经验 acquire a good knowledge of学会； 精通 acquire a reputation for得到的名声 acquire a habit of养成的习惯 I have recently acqu

24、ired a taste for olives. 我最近开始喜欢吃橄榄了。 The businessman has acquired a reputation for dishonesty . 这个商人得到了奸诈的名声。 We should try to acquire a good habit of taking note while listening in class. 听课时，我们应该努力养成做笔记的好习惯。 (2) acquire 对应的形容词形式： acquiredadj.后天的； 已获得的； 已成习惯的 It sounds like an acquired taste. 听起来像

25、是一个后天养成的嗜好。 (3) acquire 对应的名词形式： acquisitionn.(知识、技能等的) 获得； 得到 The acquisition of knowledge is a social process. 知识的获取是一种社会性的活动。 (4) 表示“获得； 得到”的动词有：gain， get， obtain， earn, achieve。 即学即用 (3)单句语法填空。 We must cherish experience _(acquire)at the cost of our own blood. Life is a process about the _(acqui

26、re) of knowledge, wealth and happiness. (4)完成句子。 10 同时，我们彼此交换观点和感受，通过这种方式我们很可能会学到更多的知识。 Meanwhile ，we exchange ideas and feelings with each other， through which we probably _. 答案：1.acquired 2.acquisition 3.acquire more knowledge 5.Mostimportantly,yourtimeandeffortatseniorhigh school will open the do

27、or to your potential. 最重要的是,高中时你付出的时间和努力将会打开你的潜力之门。 知识点 effortn.努力，费力的事；试图 Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopedacombination of artificial breeding and natural reproduction. 经过坚持和努力，他们成功地将 “人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起。 知识拓展 (1) effort 的常见用法： with(an) effort努力 without effort不费力地， 容易地 put effort

28、 into the work努力工作 make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth(尽一切) 努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth不遗余力做某事 No one can achieve anything without effort. 谁也不可能不努力而有所作为。 We should put more effort into our work. 我们应该更加努力地工作。 Some parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave

29、 the way for their success. 有些父母为孩子安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。 (2) effort 对应的形容词形式： 11 effortlessadj.不需费力的 His effortless calligraphy has an unconventional grace of its own. 他的书法，信笔写来，十分超脱。 即学即用 (1)单句语法填空。 What is known to us all is that the Chinese government has spared no effort_(protect) people from fak

30、e food. More_ (effort) ， as reported， will be made in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. In fact， with a little preparation and planning a journey can be quite _(effort) . He was obviously walking _great effort， trying to be as still as possible. (2)完成句子。 环境保护的难度虽然巨大，但是

31、坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎见效了。 The environmental challenges are significant but_by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off 答案：1.to protect 2.efforts 3.effortless 4.with 5.the effort made 6.Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create， what medical advances you will make or what ama

32、zing technologies you will develop! 谁知道你会创造出什么漂亮的艺术作品， 在医学方面取得什么讲步， 或者你会研发出什么令 人大为惊奇的技术! 句析 句中whatbeautifulworksofartyouwillcreate， what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop 是三个由 what 引导的并列的名词性从句， 作动词 knows 的宾语。 You cant imagine what great difficulty we have e

33、ver had dealing with the problems. 你想象不到我们在处理这些问题时所遇到的巨大的困难。 知识拓展 (1) what 可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；它引导名词性从句时可在从 12 句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 what 引导名词性从句时， 常见的几种意义： 表示“.的东西或事情”；表示“的人或样子”;表示“.的数量或数目”;表示“.的时间”；表 示“.的地方”。 (2) 在英语中， that 与 what 都可引导名词性从句， 但两者有所不同： 在引导名词性从句时， that 不在从句中作成分， 也无具体意思，只起连接作用。 what 在所引

34、导的名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语，并保持原疑问词的意 义或表示“.的事/东西” 。 She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile. 希望每个孩子都有干净的牙齿和开心的笑容。 Now I know what happiness is.It means kindness，love and unselfishness. 现在我知道什么是幸福，它是指善良、爱和无私。 Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. 动机是你做好一份工作最需要的东西。

35、Whats particularly interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchets cause. 尤其耐人寻味的是不同域市对 Dubanchet 此项事业的态度。 即学即用 (1)单旬语法填空。 The opportunity to learn from and to discuss with some famous professors is _ drives some people to apply to university. So， slow down and think_you really wan

36、t to do at that moment. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is_one can be entirely free from dust. _I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one. (2)完成句子。 公众关心的是医疗工作者和科学家能否在短时间内发现治疗这种新型疾病的药物。 _is whether medical workers and scientists will be able to find a cure for the new 13

37、disease in a short time. 答案：1.what 2.what 3.that 4.What 5.What the public is concerned about 知识点 advancen.进步，进展；前进，行进 advancevt.优势，优点 take(full) advantage of对加以(充分) 利用 gain/win/have an advantage over.有优势； 胜过，优于 have the advantage of有.的优势 be/work to ones advantage对.有利 Im going to take advantage of th

38、is tour to explore the history of the castle. 我打算利用练次旅行去探索那座城堡的历史。 He was a much older tennis player， but he had an advantage over other players in experience. 他是年长多的网球动员，但在经验方面比其他运动员有优势。 The present situation is to our advantage and we should take full advantage of it. 目前的形势对我们有利，我们应充分利用。 (2) advan

39、tage 的反义词及常见用法： disadvantagen.不利因素：障碍； 不便之处 at a disadvantage处于不利地位 be/work to ones disadvantage对不利 Each of these systems has its advantages and disadvantages. 这些体制各有其优势和劣势。 21 I was at a disadvantage compared to the younger members of the team. 与队里较年轻的队员相比，我处于不利地位。 即学即用 (1)单句语法填空。 Youwillbe_anadvan

40、tageintheinterviewifyouhave thought about the questions in advance. The group weighed the advantages and _(advantage) before making the decision. I hope my lack of experience wont be _my disadvantage in the interview. Men usually have an advantage _women when hunting for jobs. (2)完成句子。 不要只局限于大学，利用所有

41、可利用的资源。 Dont limit yourself to your college alone-_all available resources. 答案：1.at 2.disadvantages 3.to 4.over 5.take advantage of 10.Of equal importance are good study habits，useful skills and a positive attitude. 同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。 句析 这是一个倒装句， 主语是 good study habits， useful skills and a p

42、ositive attitude， 系动词为 are， 句首的介词语 of equal importance 作表语。倒装的原因是匆子的主语太长,为了保持句 子平衡，把系动词 are 直接置于主语之前，这种倒装称为完全倒装完全倒装。 In the classroom are forty Chinese students， twenty American students and two teachers. 教室里有四十名中国学生，二十名美国学生和两位老师。 知识拓展 完全倒装，就是将谓语动词置于主语前，构成完全倒装的条件： out， in， down， up， away， here， now，

43、 then， there 等表示方位、地点、时间或顺序 的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。 表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。 将表语提到系动词前面时，句子也用完全倒装，即“表语+系动词+主语”结构。 22 代词 such 置于句首， 且在句中作表语时， 句子用完全倒装。 Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 接着漆黑的极地冬夜来临了。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 Out rushed the childr

44、en after the bell rang. 钟声响了之后，孩子们冲了出去。 Here are some relevant details about the English short film. 这儿有一些关于这部英文短片的相关细节。 At the top of the hill stands a weather station. 山顶上有一个气象站。 Gone are the days when we were young. 我们的青春一去不复返了。 Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. 一些来自中国的科学家出席

45、了会议。 Such is our lively city， which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience. 这就是我们充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。 Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个名叫比夫的人住在那儿。 温馨提示 (1) 此类用法中的谓语动词一般为 be 动词或 lie， come，go， stand， live 等动词， 且句子 的主语为名词。 (2)如果句子的主语为人称代词，不用倒装语序。 Look a

46、t the little dog . Here it runs. 看这条小狗!它跑过来了。 即学即用 (1)单句语法填。 23 Between France and Spain _(be)another mountain range-the Pyrenees. John opened the door.There_(stand) a girl he had never seen before. Outback_(be)asmallgarageforthecarwedont own yet and a small yard that looks smaller between the two b

47、uildings on either side. (2) 完成句子。 山脚下，坐落着我的家乡一个小村庄，可以追溯到几百年前。 At the foot of the mountain ,_,a small village， which can date back to several hundred years ago. 答案：1.is 2.stood 3.is 4.lies my hometown 知识点 1 句中使用了“be of+抽象名词”结构， 表示“具有(某种特征或属性) 的”,of equal importance 相当 于形容词 important。 The new discove

48、ry of oil is of great significance to this areas economy. 新发现的石油对这个地区的经济有重大意义。 知识拓展 (1)“be of+ 表 示 抽 象 意 义 的 名 词 ” 相 当 于 “be+ 该 抽 象 名 词 对 应 的 形 容 词 ” ， 如 value， use， help， importance , significance， benefit 等， 此类名词前面可以用表程度的词 加以修饰， 如 little， no， great， much， some 等。 (2) “be of+表示人或物属性的名词”， 如 size， co

49、lour，height， length， age， shape 等， 用 来描述人或事物的属性或特性，在句中作表语或后置定语。这类名词前可用限定词 a， an， the， the same， my， your 等修饰。 The new regulation will be of benefit/beneficial to all the students. 新规定对所有学生都有好处。 Being able to speak to your clients in their preferred language can be of great help for your business rel

50、ationships. 能够用客户喜欢的语言与他们交谈对你的业务关系有很大的帮助。 When I was of your age， I entered the war. 当我是你这个年龄时，我去打仗了。 Coins may be of different sizes, weights， shapes and of different metals. 24 货币可能在大小、重量、形肤和铸造的金属方面都有所不同。 New Zealand grape wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world. 新西兰的葡萄酒质量好，销往全世界。 即