1、简单句的八大句型简单句的八大句型 Learning aims 1、学会分析句子成分及八个基本句型结构、学会分析句子成分及八个基本句型结构 S+V+P S+V S+V+A S+V+O S+V+O+A S+V+IO+DO S+V+O+C 2、在写作中能运用五个基本句型结构、在写作中能运用五个基本句型结构 Task1 句子成分分析:请找出下列句子的主语、谓语、句子成分分析:请找出下列句子的主语、谓语、 宾语、定语、状语、补语、或表语。宾语、定语、状语、补语、或表语。 1.She is happy 2.She came 3.She likes English. 4.She gave John a bo
2、ok 5.She bought a book for me. 6.She makes her mother angry 小结:句子的组成部分分为:小结:句子的组成部分分为:_、_、_、 _、_、_、_,其中,其中 _与与_是主要成分,一般不可缺少。是主要成分,一般不可缺少。 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语 定语定语状语状语补语补语 表语表语 主语主语谓语谓语 S+V+P S+V S+V+O S+V+IO+DO S+V+O+C 英语简单句句子长短简繁不一,但可以归纳成八种基本句型 基本句型一:基本句型一: + 主谓(不及物动词)主谓(不及物动词) 基本句型二:基本句型二: + + 主谓主谓/系表系表
3、基本句型三:基本句型三: + + 主谓(及物动词)宾主谓(及物动词)宾 基本句型四基本句型四: + +InO +D主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾 基本句型五基本句型五: + + +O 主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补 基本句型六:基本句型六:S+V+A 主谓(不及物动词)主谓(不及物动词)+状语状语 基本句型七:基本句型七:S+V+O+A 主谓(及物动词)宾主谓(及物动词)宾 基本句型八:基本句型八:there be句型句型 1. S+V(i) (主语+谓语动词vi) You jump, I jump! 本结构是由本结构是由“主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词”构成,构成, 常用来表示主语的动作行为。常用来表示主语
4、的动作行为。 如:如:The sun rises. The rain stopped. 主语主语可有可有定语定语修饰,修饰,谓语谓语可有可有状语状语修饰。如:修饰。如: The red sun rises in the east. Eventually, the heavy rain stopped. 找出下列句子的主语和谓语。 1. The sun was shining. 2. Who knows? 3. My leg hurts. 4. They talked for half an hour. 2. S+V(i) (主语+谓语动词vi)+A Jim runs in the park.
5、本结构是由本结构是由“主语主语+谓语(不及物谓语(不及物 动词)动词)+状语状语” yesterday evening. two hours. 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。 She went homevery late The meeting will last 学 科 网 创原家独 3. S+L+P (主语+系动词+表语) I am so happy! You look beautiful. You look handsome! 此句型中,谓语动词都不能表达一 个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明 主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓 语,才能表达完整的
6、意思。这类动 词叫做连系动词。 系动词的分类: 1. 状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有用来表示主语状态,只有_一词一词 2. 持续系动词持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主 要有要有_ 3. 表像系动词表像系动词用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念,主要有这一概念,主要有 _ 4. 感官系动词感官系动词主要有主要有_ 5. 变化系动词变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有表示主语变成什么样,主要有_ 6. 结果是结果是;证明是证明是 _ be keep, remain, stay seem, appear, look, fe
7、el, smell, sound, taste, look become, grow, turn, getprove, turn out, 找出下列句子的表语找出下列句子的表语 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. Everything looks different. 4. He is growing tall and strong. 5. Our well has gone dry. 6. His face turned red. 巩固练习巩固练习 1冬季白天短,夜晚长冬季白天短,夜晚
8、长 2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保持安静。安静。 4她的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童。 In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist. Children seldom keep quiet. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 4. S+V+O (主语+谓语动词+宾语) I
9、love you. 此句型句子的特点: 谓语都具有实义,都是主语产生的 动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须 跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这 类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,可以由 名词、代词、动名词、不定式充当。构成宾语的代词必 须是代词宾格,如:me,him,them等 划分下列句子的主语、谓语和宾语划分下列句子的主语、谓语和宾语 1. Who knows the answer to the question? 2. She laughed at her friend. 3. I want to have a cup of tea. 4. Tom doesnt kn
10、ow what to do. 5. We enjoy living here. 宾语成分的多样化宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。使得这一结构异常复杂。 如如: 1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 6. Mother pro
11、mises to give me a present. 作作宾语宾语的词:的词: 1名词名词 I dont know him. 2 代词代词 He refused to support us. 3 反身代词反身代词 Please express yourself in your own words. 4不定式不定式 We managed to put the fire out. 5 动名词动名词 She avoided answering them. 6从句从句 She found that she wrong. 7wh-词词 + to do I dont know what to do wi
12、th it. I forgot to mail the letter yesterday. (SVOAd主谓宾状)主谓宾状) Unfortunately, I forgot to mail the letter yesterday. (SVOAd主谓宾状)主谓宾状) I had my first maths class in senior high school. (SVOAd主谓宾状)主谓宾状) 5. 主主+谓(及物动词)谓(及物动词)+宾语宾语+状语状语 1昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了这本书他读过多次了 4那位先
13、生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 I wrote a letter last night. I want to talk with you this afternoon. He has read this book many times. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 巩固练习:巩固练习: 学 科 网 创原家独 6. S+V+O+C (主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补) You make me happy. 该句型虽然用了及物动词加宾语,但还是不 能表达完整的意思,需要加一个补充成分来 说明宾语的情况,才能使意
14、思完整。 宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、不定式、 介词短语、分词等。 The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher asked the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road. 名词 形容词 介词短语 不定式 分词 注意 用用 it 做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足 语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句语的
15、后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句 型结构方式。即:型结构方式。即:主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。 如:如: I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 学 科 网 创原家独 7. S+V+IO+DO (主语+谓语动词+间 接宾语+直接宾语) Ill give you a kiss. 此句型中的谓语动词需要跟两个宾语 才能表达完整的意思。间接宾语是人, 直接宾语通常是物。间接宾语可以放 在直接宾语的前面;直接宾语也可以 借助to/for等介词放在间接宾语前面。 常见的须带双宾语的动词有give, ask, bri
16、ng,offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn等有传递意义的动词 划分下列句子的主语、谓语、间接宾语和直接宾语。 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨
17、晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3请把那本字典递给我好吗?请把那本字典递给我好吗? 4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. 如何区分双宾和宾补? 双宾和谓语都有关系,其位置可以借助介词for和to互换, 如: He lent m
18、e ten yuan. He lent ten yuan to me. He cooked his wife a meal. He cooked a meal for his wife. 宾补只和宾语有关系,且两个成分可以用is连成一个逻辑完 整的句子,如: She found him a very clever boy. He is a very clever boy. 8. there be句型 There are three books on the desk. 注:be动词在人称和数上要和 他最近的主语保持一致。 1)There _ (be) a ruler and two pens
19、in his schoolbag. 2)There _(be) two pens and a ruler in his schoolbag. is are Summary 基本句型一:基本句型一: + 主谓(不及物动词)主谓(不及物动词) 基本句型二:基本句型二: + + 主谓主谓/系表系表 基本句型三:基本句型三: + + 主谓(及物动词)宾主谓(及物动词)宾 基本句型四基本句型四: + +InO +D主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾 基本句型五基本句型五: + + +O 主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补 基本句型六:基本句型六:S+V+A 主谓(不及物动词)主谓(不及物动词)+状语状语 基本句型七:基本句型七
20、:S+V+O+A 主谓(及物动词)宾主谓(及物动词)宾 基本句型八:基本句型八:there be句型句型 Exercises 一、指出下列句子属于哪种基本句式 All of us laughed. I miss my grandma. Mr. Zhou is a kind and humourous teacher. He told us a funny story. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. He talked too much. I had my first maths class in
21、 senior high school. There are Some other courses. S+V S+V+O S+V+P S+V+IO+DO S+V+O+OC S+V+Ad S+V+O+Ad there be. 二、翻译下列句子并分析句子结构。 1. 比赛中友谊第一。(19年全国卷) 2. 你能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。(19全国卷) 3. 从生活到日常训练,我们队正在为比赛做准备。(19全国卷) 4. 中国传统服装看起来更漂亮,更时尚。(19江苏) 5. 它一直都给予我面对生活中挑战的力量。(18全国卷) 6. 即将到来的音乐节将在我们学校举行。(19全国卷) 7. 我真诚地邀
22、请你亲自来我们学校看看。 翻译下列句子并分析句子结构。 1. 比赛中友谊第一。(19年全国卷) Friendship always comes first in the competition. 2. 你能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。(19全国卷) I would appreciate it if you can take my application into consideration 3. 从生活到日常训练,我们队正在为比赛做准备。(19全国卷) Our team are preparing for the competition, from living to daily traini
23、ng. 4. 中国传统服装看起来更漂亮,更时尚。(19江苏) Traditional Chinese dress looks more beautiful and fashionable. 5. 它一直都给予我面对生活中挑战的力量。(18全国卷) It always gives me the strength to confront the challenges in my life. 6. 即将到来的音乐节将在我们学校举行。(19全国卷) The coming Music Festival will be held in our school. 7. 我真诚地邀请你亲自来我们学校看看. I sincerely invite you to come to our school to have a look for yourself.
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