Unit 1 Grammar and usage句子成分和基本句型课件ppt（2021新牛津译林版）高中英语必修第一册（高一上期）.pptx

1、句子成分/ 基本句型 这两句话的翻译正确吗？ How are you？ 怎么是你? How old are you? 怎么老是你? 不可以完全按照中文的表达习惯学习英语哦！ 我们需要了解中英文表达习惯的差异。 How are you？ 你好吗? How old are you? 你几岁啦? 中文句子偏线形 英文句子偏树形 我 爱 学 英语。 主语+谓语 宾语 补语 e.g. I go to school by bike every day. 状语 定语 什么是句子呢？ 我，是句子吗？ 你，是句子吗？ 我爱你，是句子吗？ 请思考： 我，是句子吗？ 你，是句子吗？ 我爱你，是句子吗？ 句子是指由词

2、和词组通过句法构成的、 能够表达完整意思的语言单位。 那么，句子成分 又是什么呢？ I love you. 我爱你。 I love you. 主语：I 谓语：love 宾语：you I love you. 主语：动作的发出者。 谓语：动作本身。 宾语：动作的承受者。 词类词类 作作 用用例例 词词 1. （n.）名）名 词词 表示人或事物的表示人或事物的 名称。名称。 I bought a book . She is a student. 2. (pron.）代）代 词词 代替名词、数词代替名词、数词 等。等。 This is my friend. He likes that book bec

3、auseit is very useful to him. Parts of Speach 3. （adj.） 形容词形容词 表示人或事表示人或事 物的特征或物的特征或 性状。性状。 He is small but he is clever. The red pen is useful for the teacher. He painted the wall white yesterday. 4. (num.） 数词数词 表示数目表示数目 或顺序。或顺序。 There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one. 5. （

4、v.）动）动 词词 表示动作表示动作 或状态。或状态。 We are working hard at English. I want to become an engineer. 6. （adv.） 副副 词词 表示动作表示动作 的特征或的特征或 性状特征。性状特征。 I like English very much. The teacher treats us kindly . The train goes fast. He seldom comes to see us. 7. (prep.） 介介 词词 表示名词、表示名词、 代词和其代词和其 他词之间他词之间 的关系。的关系。 He us

5、ually stay at home on Sundays. 8. （conj.） 连词连词 连接词与词连接词与词 或句与句的或句与句的 作用。作用。 He and I are in the same class and we are good friends. Two or three of us can dance well but I cant . 9. (interj.） 感叹词感叹词 表示强烈的表示强烈的 感情感情 Oh ! How beautiful the scene is! What a good idea! Goodness ! 10. （art.） 冠词冠词 用来限制名用来

6、限制名 词的意义词的意义 I have a pet dog . The dog is very lovely. He is an old man but very strong. 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。 句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语和补语。 概念须知： I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 我昨天在这个车站遇到了我最好的朋友Tom. Members of sentence: S - subject P - predicative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adv

7、erb Oc - object complement 主语(S)：动作的发出者,主要叙述对象或主要内容,多在句首 1.名词作主语： English is my favourite subject. 2.代词作主语： Thats OK. 3.数词作主语： Two will be enough. 谓语(V)：简单动词/动词短语 （助动词/情态动词+主要动词）构成 Lisa teaches us English. Lisa教我们英语。 谓语 动词 系动词 I am a student. 情态动词(不可单独作谓语) He can speak English. 实义动词 She runs fast. 主

8、+系+表 主+谓+宾 主+谓/ 主+谓+宾 实义 动词 主+谓+宾 主+谓 及物动词(必须跟宾语意义才完整) I buy a book. 不及物动词(本身意义完整，不必跟宾语) I work. 宾语(O)：动作行为的对象或承受者， 放在及物动词或介词之后。 We study English. 我们学习英语。 1.The bike in the room is mine. 2.Do you know the number of the guests? 3.The girl in red dress is my sister. 定语：修饰名词/代词品质或特征的成分, 汉语中常用”的“表示 e.g.

9、 请选出下列句子中的定语。 ( )1.She was a small lovely girl. A.She B.was C.small lovely D.girl ( )2.There are two boys in the room. A.There are B.two C.two boys D.in the room 状语：修饰名词/代词以外的成分,说明地点、时间、程度、频 率、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、方式和伴随状况等。 We often play basketball on the playground after school. John came John likes oran

10、ges , he jumped , he didnt come to class . She is sitting , My father worked 请选出下列句子中的状语。 ( )1.I will go there tomorrow. A.I B.will go C.there D.tomorrow ( )2.He studies hard to pass the exam. A.he B.studies C.hard D.pass I found English easy. 我发现英语不难。 补语：起补充说明的作用。有主语补足语和宾语补足语 主主 语语 谓谓 语语 定定 语语 宾宾 语

11、语 同同 位位 语语 状状 语语 今天早上在学校门口我帅气的保安叔叔Tom给小朋友花花。 状状 语语 宾宾 语语 补补 足足 语语 01 02 05 03 1.主语(S)+谓语(Vi不及物动词) I swim. 我游泳。 01 02 05 03 1.主语(S)+谓语(Vi不及物动词) e.g.Time flies. The car stopped. You will see. I am dancing. 时态的改变都体现在 动词上哦！ 01 02 05 03 2.主语(S)+谓语(Vt及物动词)+宾语(O) I watch TV. 我看电视。 01 02 05 03 2.主语(S)+谓语(Vt

12、及物动词)+宾语(O) e.g. I can speak English. He will go to school. Lily lost her bag. The children are playing football. 连词成句 1.basketball, he, play, can (.) _ 步骤：1.找主语 2.找谓语动词 3.找宾语 主语动词 宾语 连词成句 1.basketball, he, play, can (.) _ 步骤：1.找主语 2.找谓语动词 3.找宾语 He can play basketball. 01 02 05 03 3.主语(S)+系动词(Link.V

13、)+表语(P) I am a student。 我是一名学生。 位于系动词之后 系动词：1.状态系动词：be动词(am/is/are/was.were) e.g. Five plus two is seven. 2.持续系动词：keep,stay,seem等 e.g. I stay quiet. 3.感官系动词：look,sound,smell,taste,feel等 e.g. It tastes good. 4.变成系动词：get,grow,turn,become等 e.g. He became mad after that. My hobby is reading. 表语：也叫主语补语，用

14、来说明主语 的特征、状态等,补充说明主语的意义, 一般用在系动词后面 请选出下列句子中的表语 1.The old man is feeling very tired. A.the old man B.is C.feeling D.tired 2.His job was to paint the wall. A.his job B.was C.paint the wall D.paint ( ) ( ) 01 02 05 03 3.主语(S)+系动词(Link.V)+表语(P) e.g. That sounds good. Your dream will come ture. The weath

15、er became windy. We grows older and older. 连词成句 1.These, good, are, carrots (.) _ 2.not, am, thirsty, I (.) _ 系动词 系动词 主语 主语 步骤：1.找主语 2.找系动词 There are good carrots. I am not thirsty. 01 02 05 03 4.主语(S)+谓语(V)+间接宾语(O)+直接宾语(O) I send you a gift. 我给你一个礼物。 人间物直 01 02 05 03 4.主语(S)+谓语(V)+间接宾语(O)+直接宾语(O) I

16、 will give the book to you. She teaches us English. Please lend me some money,will you? My father bought me a new dress yesterday. e.g. 请划出句子中的直接宾语,圈出间接宾语。 1.Please tell us a story. 2.My brother bought a new bike for me last week. 3.Mr.Li is going to teach us Maths next term. 4.Here is a pen,give it

17、 to Tom. 5.Did he leave anything for me? 01 02 05 03 5.主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+补语(C) Reading makes me happy. 阅读使我快乐。 dad mom baby babysitter 01 02 05 03 5.主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+补语(C) Keep your room clean. I found English easy. Smoke from cars makes the air dirty. Lee left his mobile phone at home just now. e.

18、g. 5种基本句型 主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。 主干成分主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补。 定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。 状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。 句子成分划分口诀 主语(S)+谓语(V) 主语(S)+谓语 (V)+宾语(O) 主语(S)+系动词 (Link.V)+表语(P) 主语(S)+谓语(V) +间接宾语(O) +直接宾语(O)主语(S)+谓语(V) +宾语(O)+补语(C) 5种基本句型 来练习吧！ 填一填 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 定语定语 状语状语 补语补语 表语表语 请分析下列划线单词的成分。 1.Our school is not far from my home.

19、 2.My father bought me a pair of shoes. 3.I can be a doctor in the future. 4.The naughty monkey is sleeping now. 5.At last he got home,tired and hungry. （表语） （直接宾语） （状语） （定语） （表语） My mother _ busy last weekend.She _my grandma on Saturday morning. They _ noodles together. _ the evening,she _ the clot

20、hes.She often _ to the park,but she _ my bedroom last Sunday. In the afternoon, she went shopping. She watched TV _ me in the evening. She was very tired last weekend.So I will help my mother do housework _ weekend. cooked was in on goes visited washed cleaned with 选词填空 My mother _ busy last weekend

21、.She _my grandma on Saturday morning. They _ noodles together. _ the evening,she _ the clothes.She often _ to the park,but she _ my bedroom last Sunday. In the afternoon, she went shopping. She watched TV _ me in the evening. She was very tired last weekend.So I will help my mother do housework _ weekend. cooked was in on goes visited washed cleaned with 选词填空 wasvisited cookedIn washed goes cleaned with on 课堂总结 7大句子成分表 Thank you for listening!