（2021新人教版）高中英语必修第一册Unit1 语法名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语学案 .docx

1、2021-2022 学年人教高中英语必修一学年人教高中英语必修一 Unit1 语法语法 名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 短语或词组(Phrases)是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。 a long river some nice books the capital city of China so clever really glad strong enough a bit bored very fast quite early rather surprisingly 一、名词短语一、名词短语(Noun Phrase) 指以一个名词为中心词构成的短语，在句

2、中的功能相当于名词。 I really need a new computer. 我的确需要台新电脑。 I have three close friends. 我有三位密友。 1结构：结构：(限定词)(形容词/形容词短语/描述性名词)名词(介词短语/非谓语动词/定语从句)。例如： the beautiful girl 的结构：限定词形容词中心名词 the beautiful girl in a red jacket 的结构：限定词形容词中心名词介词短语 the beautiful girl dressed in a red jacket 的结构： 限定词形容词中心名词分词短语(dressed

3、是形容词化 的过去分词，因此这里的 dressed in 也可理解为形容词短语) a small room to live in 的结构：不定冠词形容词中心名词动词不定式 the beautiful girl who is wearing a red jacket 的结构：限定词形容词中心名词定语从句 2功能：功能：在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。 These interesting books are for you.(主语) 这些有趣的书是给你买的。 短语类型组成功能 名词短语 1.(限定词)(形容词，形容词短语，描 述性名词)名词(介词短语) 2名词介词短语/非谓

4、语动词/定语 从句等 在句中当作名词使用， 一般用作主语、 宾语、表语或宾语补足语 形容词短语(副词)形容词(介词短语) 在句中作形容词用， 修饰名词或代词， 还可用作表语或宾语补足语 副词短语(副词)副词 在句中作副词用，修饰动词、形容词 或副词 He is my old friend.(表语) 他是我的老朋友。 He had a big dinner.(宾语) 他吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。 We call him a great hero.(宾语补足语) 我们称他为伟大的英雄。 二、形容词短语二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase) 指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形

5、容词。 1结构：结构：(副词)形容词(介词短语) The room was awfully dirty. 这屋子太脏了。 It is very hot today. 今天很热。 The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 2功能：功能：在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。 You have a small but beautiful room.(定语) 你有一个漂亮的小房间。 I think your answer correct and proper.(宾语补足语) 我认为你的答案是正确的并且是恰当的。 He is young

6、 and clever.(表语) 他年轻聪明。 三、副词短语三、副词短语(Adverb Phrase) 指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词。 1结构：(副词)副词 I tried again and again. 我试了一遍又一遍。 He runs extremely fast. 他跑得快极了。 2功能：在句中当作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，作状语。 She types quickly and correctly.(修饰动词) 她打字快且准确。 He spoke far too fast.(修饰副词) 他说话太快了。 【随堂练习】【随堂练习】 请写出画线处的短语类型

7、1The girl is my friend.(名词短语) 2He is a worker worthy of praise.(形容词短语) 3There are some red roses on that small table.(名词短语) 4They spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.(形容词短语) 5Everyone may feel time go by very quickly when they do something interesting. (副词短语) 请用下划线标出句中的名词、形容词或副词短语

8、 1There are some great clubs in our school.() 2No words are strong enough to express our thanks for your help. () 3My campus is the most unforgettable place in my whole life.() 4I play pingpong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. () 5You should do things much more carefully

9、.() 答案：答案： 1There are some great clubs in our school.(名词短语) 2No words are strong enough to express our thanks for your help.(形容词短语) 3My campus is the most unforgettable place in my whole life.(名词短语) 4I play pingpong quite well，but I havent had time to play since the new year.(副词短语) 5You should do th

10、ings much more carefully.(副词短语) 【专项练习】【专项练习】 请标出下列句中画线短语类型的简称 1Are you afraid of the snake AdjP ？ 2It sounds very interesting AdjP . 3He plays the computer games NP quite well AdvP . 4He bought his girlfriend NP some flowers NP . 5Afraid of difficulty AdjP ， he prefers to do the easy maths problem N

11、P 翻译下列句子，注意使用提示短语 1听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。(AdjP) _ 2汤姆爬山很慢。(AdvP) _ 3怀抱婴儿的妇女是我的姐姐。(NP) _ 4他看上去相当英俊潇洒。(AdjP) _ 5我相信他是个足球迷。(NP) _ 答案：答案： Hearing the news, they felt very excited. Tom climbed the mountain quite slowly. The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. He looks quite handsome. I believe that he i

12、s a football fan. 标出下面文章中的名词/形容词/副词短语并判断它们的句法特征 I decided to take a gap year after senior year. After the year, I was quite completely ready for college. I remembered that there were many adventures to explore and many people and places to discover. It was really meaningful for me to be able to comm

13、unicate with people on different views and values. I met people in my gap year that now inspires me to be a better person, and not to stop adventuring. 答案：答案： I decided to take a gap year NP宾语 after senior year NP宾语 . Afterthe year NP宾语 ， I was quite completely AdvP状语 ready for college AdjP表语 . I re

14、membered that there were many adventures NP主语 to explore and many people and places NP主语 to discover. It was really meaningful for me AdjP表语 to be able to communicate with people on different views and values NP宾语 . I met people in my gap year NP宾语 that now inspires me to be a better person NP表语 ， and not to stop adventuring.