Welcome unit 句子成分及5种基本类型ppt课件-（2019新教材）人教版高中英语必修第一册.ppt

1、句子成分句子成分 及及 简单句的五种基本类型简单句的五种基本类型 句子成分句子成分： 构成句子 的 各个部分。 主语主语 宾语宾语 谓语谓语 定语定语状语状语 同位语同位语 表语表语 补语补语 主语主语 (Subject) ：表示句子主要说明的人或：表示句子主要说明的人或 事物事物,是一个句子的主体。是一个句子的主体。 一般位于句首。一般位于句首。 在在there be结构结构 疑问句疑问句（主语不是疑 问词时） 和倒装句中，和倒装句中， 主语在主语在谓语、助动词或情态动词后面谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 Jacky is a student. 主语（主语（S） There are two b

2、oys. 主语（主语（S） What can we do? 主语（主语（S） Here comes the bus. 主语（主语（S） 主语主语 (Subject) :可由 名词 代词 数词 不定式 动名词 名词化的形容词 和主语从句等表示。 The book came out yesterday. We will study harder. Ten years is not too long. To learn English well is easy. Smoking is harmful to us. The young is the future. Where we are going

3、 to has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 谓语谓语 (Predicate) : 说明主语所做的说明主语所做的动作动作或或具有的具有的特征和特征和 状态状态。可以有不同的时态。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。语态和语气。 由由动词动词做谓语做谓语 一般是放在一般是放在主语后面主语后面 1)简单谓语简单谓语 We study for the people. 2)复合谓语复合谓语 I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has go

4、ne to Beijing. 表语表语(Predicative) ： 说明主语的说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份性质、特征、状态或身份。 它一般位它一般位 于于系动词系动词(比如比如be)之之后后。 My sister is a nurse. Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one? His job is to teach English. His hobby is playing football. The rule must be in

5、 your box. The truth is that he has never been abroad. 宾语宾语 Object 表示表示动作行为动作行为的对象，的对象， 跟在跟在及物动词及物动词或或介词介词后面后面 He broke the window. 宾语（宾语（O） He looked at the blackboard. 宾语（宾语（O） 宾语（宾语（O） 名词名词 数词数词 名词化形容词名词化形容词 不定式短语不定式短语 动名词短语动名词短语 宾语从句宾语从句 We like English. How many dictionaries do you have? I have

6、 five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. It began to rain. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think he is fit for his office. 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指 人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的 叫直接宾语 He gave me a book. 间接宾语间接宾语 （Oi） 直接宾语直接宾语 （Od） They tell me their address. 宾语补足语（宾语补足语（Object complement）：）

7、： 有时单一个宾语无法表达完整，所以 加一个补足语来补充。 它是它是宾语的身份宾语的身份、特征或发出的动作等特征或发出的动作等 的补充说明的补充说明。两者一起构成复合宾语复合宾语。 He made the girl cry. 宾语宾语 （O） 宾语补足语宾语补足语 （C） I find English easy. 宾语（宾语（O） 宾语补足语宾语补足语 （C） 状语状语(Adverbial)修饰修饰动词动词，形容词形容词，副词副词以及以及全全 句句的句子成分。一般放在被修饰词的句子成分。一般放在被修饰词之后之后或或句尾句尾。 Light travels most quickly. He has

8、 lived in the city for ten years. He is sorry to frouble you. He is in the room making a model plane. Once you begin; you must continue. 副词及副词性词组副词及副词性词组 介词短语介词短语 不定式短语不定式短语 分词短语分词短语 状语从句状语从句 状语种类如下状语种类如下: How about meeting again at six? Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain

9、. I shall go there if it doesnt rain. Mr Smith lives on the third floor. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 时间状语时间状语 原因状语原因状语 条件状语条件状语 地点状语地点状语 方式状语 She came in with a dictionary in her hand. She works very hard though she is old. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. In or

10、der to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 伴随状语伴随状语 让步状语让步状语 结果状语结果状语 目的状语目的状语 指出下列句子中的划线部分是什么句子成分指出下列句子中的划线部分是什么句子成分 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3.I shall answer your question after class. 4. He took many photos of the Bejing Zoo in Beijing. 5. Hi

11、s wish is to become a scientist. 6. He wants to finish the work in time. 7. He found it important to master English. 8. Would you please tell me your address? 9. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 简单句的五种基本类型简单句的五种基本类型 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. He smiled. 主语主语 S谓语谓语 V 类型一： 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 （

12、SV） 2. He did the homework. 主语主语 S 谓语谓语 V 类型二： 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 宾语（宾语（SVO） 宾语宾语 O 4. We made her cry. 主语主语 S 谓语谓语 V 类型三： 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 宾语宾语 + 宾补宾补 （SVOC） 3. She gave me a book. 主语主语 S 谓语谓语 V 类型二： 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 间接宾语间接宾语+ 直接宾语直接宾语 （SVOiOd） 间接间接宾语宾语 Oi 宾语宾语 O 直接直接宾语宾语 Od 宾补宾补C 5. We are good students. 主语主

13、语 S系动词系动词 V 类型四： 主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 表语表语 （SVP） 表语表语 P 6. There is a book on the desk. 主语主语 S 类型五： There be + 主语主语 + 状语状语 （There be + SP） （地点）（地点）状语状语P A. 主谓主谓 （SV） B.主谓宾（主谓宾（SVO） C. 主谓主谓 间宾间宾 直宾（直宾（SVOiOd） D.主谓宾主谓宾 宾补（宾补（SVOC） E. 主系表（主系表（SVP） F. There be 主状主状 选择句子相应类型选择句子相应类型 ( )( ) 1. He told us a sto

14、ry. ( )( ) 2. She cried. ( )( ) 3. she made me work 12 hours a day ( )( ) 4. His job is to train swimmers. ( )( ) 5. There are two books on the table. ( )( )6. They are looking at the picture. C A D E F B 划分下列句子的句子成分。划分下列句子的句子成分。 1. I have a story book. 2. She is a teacher. 3. Please show me your passport. 4. We call her Betty. 5. They worked. 6. There are many people there. 7. We often send emails to him. 8. The students sang a song in the classroom. 9. She sings well. 10. It sounds good. 谢谢观赏！谢谢观赏！