（2019新教材）人教版高中英语必修第二册第一单元Section Ⅰ　知识点与讲义学生版.docx

1、新人教（2019）必修二第一单元 Section Listening and Speaking (两者中)前者的 Many of his former supporters voted against him. 他以前的许多支持者投票反对他。 特别提醒 the former表示“前者”,the latter表示“后者”,两者相对,只可用于两个人或物之间。 归纳拓展 former president前总统 in former times 从前 formerly adv.以前;从前(=previously) 经典例题 单句写作 (1)它是土耳其过去的首都。 It wasof Turkey. (2)

2、从前妇女很难得到认可。 ,it was difficult for women to achieve recognition. (3)他追查到了堂弟和叔叔的下落,前者当了一名医生,后者当时正在病中。 He tracked down his cousin and uncle.worked as a doctor andwas sick then. Point2promote 用法详解 promote vt.促进;提升;推销;晋级 promote the development of促进的发展 promote sth.宣传/推广某事物 promote sb.to提升某人为; (使)某人晋升为 Th

3、e band has gone on tour to promote their new album. 这个乐队已开始巡回宣传他们的新唱片。 She worked hard and was soon promoted. 她工作勤奋,不久就得到了提升。 The boss promoted him to a higher rank for his successful work. 因为他工作干得出色,老板给他晋升了一级。 归纳拓展 promotion n.晋升;(体育运动队的)晋级,升级;促销活动 promoter n.(尤指体育赛事的)主办者,承办者; 提倡者 经典例题 1.单句写作 (1)我们

4、所有的项目都旨在促进贫困和偏远社区的发展。 All our projects aim topoor and remote communities. (2)这名演员正在宣传他最新的影片。 The actor. 2.单句语法填空 (1)I was promotededitor soon. (2)Her(promote) to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise. (3)The program has been produced(promote) the publicity of Chinese culture. Point3app(application

5、) 用法详解 (1)application n.申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)。app是其缩略形式。 create/make an app about 创建有关的应用程序 fill in an application form 填写申请表 make an application for 申请 Have you filled in the application form for a new passport? 你填写领新护照的申请表了吗? Barbara made an application for a job as a nurse. 芭芭拉申请了一份护士工作。 (2)applicat

6、ion n.涂抹;敷用 The application of a wet cloth will prevent cracking. 敷上一块湿布可防止出现开裂。 归纳拓展 (1)apply vt.申请;应用;涂;敷;使专心从事 apply for 申请 apply to do申请做 apply to 向申请;适用于 applyto把运用于;把涂/敷于 apply oneself to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事 (2)applicant n.申请人;求职者 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)We had to write a paper on how we plan to app

7、ly what we would learn in classour future professions. (2)Technology is also the(apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem. (3)All the(apply) are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority. (4)He applied himself diligently to(learn) French. 2.单句写作 这项新技术已被应用于农业。 The new tech

8、nologyfarming. 3.改为同义句 He is busy making an application for a job interview. He is busya job interview. Point4take part in 用法详解 take part in 参与(某事);参加(某活动) How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games? 有多少个国家参加了上届奥运会? My father took part in the charity activity in the neighbourhood yesterd

9、ay. 我父亲昨天参加了社区的慈善活动。 归纳拓展 play a part (in sth.)参与(某事);在(某事)中起作用 take sb.s part支持某人,站在某人一边 take an active part in 积极参与 易混辨析take part in/join in/participate in/join 易混词(组)意义 take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等,往往指参加者持有积极的态度,起一定作用 join in通常指参加某种活动,尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动 participate in通常指参与并分享其中的快乐,可与 take part in互

10、换 join加入(某党派、组织、社会团体以及军队等) 经典例题 1.单句写作 (1)我们应该积极参加学校的活动。 We shouldschool activities. (2)年轻人在保护文物方面发挥了作用。 The youththe cultural relics. (3)就这一次争论中我兄弟站在了我一边。 For once my brotherin the argument. 2.选词填空(take part in/join in/participate in/join) (1)You will be able toa number of activities from canoeing

11、to wild camping on Dartmoor. (2)I will never forget the day when Ithe Party. (3)He started to sing and I. Point5give way to 用法详解 (1)让步;屈服(=give in to) We refused to give way to their demands. 我们拒绝对他们的要求让步。 He should give way to a younger,more decisive leader. 他应该让位于更年轻、更有决断力的领导者。 (2)让先行; 让自己陷于(某种情绪等

12、);被代替 Give way to traffic coming from the left. 让从左边来的车先行。 After several failures,he gave way to despair. 失败了好几次后,他陷入了绝望的深渊中。 But over the following days,my excitement gave way to despair. 但在接下来的几天里,我的兴奋被绝望所取代。 归纳拓展 有关 way 的短语: get in the way of挡的路;妨碍 lead the way 带路,引路;示范 feel ones way摸索着前进;小心从事 pa

13、y ones way 支付应承担的费用;勉强维持 find ones way 找到路,设法到达 wind ones way 蜿蜒前进 make ones way (to)(朝)前进 特别提醒 表示“屈服”的词语:give in,submit 经典例题 1.写出 give way to 的含义 (1)The storm gave way to bright sunshine. (2)Throwing herself on the bed,she gave way to helplessness. (3)Would you give way to other passengers,please?

14、2.用 way 的相关短语填空 (1)After clearing his throat,heto the platform. (2)It was so foggy that we had tohome. (3)Mr Smith couldnt understand how the strangerto the hotel. 3.改为同义句 You shouldnt give way to him on this matter. You shouldnthim on this matter. Point6preserve 用法详解 (1)vt.保存;保护;维持 preservefrom保护免于

15、 The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to preserve food. 船上装有特殊的冷藏设备,用来保存食物。 Its the duty of the police to preserve the public order. 维护公共秩序是警察的职责。 The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. 成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种免于灭绝。 (2)n.保护区;禁猎区;果酱;腌菜,泡菜 No hunting is allowe

16、d in the preserve. 在禁猎区内不许打猎。 Mother made some preserves. 母亲做了一些腌菜。 归纳拓展 (1)“动词+宾语+from”结构的短语: rescue/save/freefrom从解救 protect/defend/guardfrom保护免受 banfrom禁止做 discouragefrom劝阻不做 (2)preservation n.保护;维护;保存 preserved adj.保存的;腌制的 be well preserved 保存完好的 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)The town is so beautiful!Its cha

17、racter is well(preserve). (2)We should eat less(preserve) food as it may be associated with cancer. (3)The paintings were in an excellent state of(preserve). (4)Salt preserves foodgoing bad. 2.用“动词+宾语+from”结构的短语填空 (1)Hea child from drowning. (2)You cantpeople from saying what they think. (3)They sta

18、yed closer tothemselves from the strong wind. Point7balance 用法详解 (1) n.平衡;均匀 keep/strike a balance betweenand保持与之间的平衡 lose ones balance 失去平衡 out of balance不平衡 It is very difficult for me to keep a balance between social activities and studies. 让我在社交活动与学习之间保持平衡非常困难。 The girl lost her balance and fell

19、 off the balance beam. 小女孩失去了平衡,从平衡木上摔了下来。 (2)n.余额;差额 bank balance 银行存款 In other words, the balance of trade may cause unhappiness between China and the United States. 换句话说,贸易的差额可能会引起中美之间的不愉快。 (3)vt.权衡;抵消 balanceand/with同等重视/兼顾和 balance sth.against sth.使与抵消;权衡与 balance on one leg 单脚站立 She tries to b

20、alance home life and career. 她力图兼顾家庭生活和事业。 We balance the benefits against the costs of medical insurance. 我们把医疗保险的好处与其开支加以权衡。 归纳拓展 balanced adj.平稳的;安定的;和谐的 a balanced diet均衡的饮食 a balanced family和谐的家庭 特别提醒 表示“权衡与”的短语:weighagainst 经典例题 1.单句写作 (1)我们必须权衡事物的利与弊。 We mustof things. (2)他努力用一只脚站稳。 He tried.

21、 (3)我银行存款不多。 Myisnt very large. 2.单句语法填空 (1)He cut down on coffee and cigarettes,and ate a(balance) diet. (2)He balanced a trip to the mountainsthe chance of a summer job. (3)It is important for us to keepbalance of nature. 3.改为同义句 (1)Try to keep a balance between work and relaxation. Try toworkrela

22、xation. (2)We must balance the quality of the product against its cost. We mustthe quality of the product against its cost. Point8lead to 用法详解 (1)导致;造成(后果),后接名词或动名词。 Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. 这些化学物质中有很多会引起癌症或其他疾病。 Our unfulfilled desires led to fighting and quarr

23、eling. 我们未实现的心愿导致了打架和争吵。 (2)通向 As is known to us,all roads lead to Rome. 众所周知,条条大路通罗马。 归纳拓展 lead sb.to领某人去(地方) lead sb.to do sth.致使某人做某事 特别提醒 表示“导致”的短语:result in,give rise to,contribute to;表示“通向”的短语:lead up to 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)All the roads(lead) to the city had been blocked. (2)The discovery of new

24、 evidence led to the thief(catch). (3)What led youthis conclusion? (4)The news led us(believe) that they would come. 2.改为同义句 An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever. An ordinary cold can soona fever. Point9 proposal 用法详解 (1)n.建议;提议。其后接同位语从句或引起表语从句,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气,即“(should)+动词原形”。 accept/approve/consi

25、der a proposal采纳/批准/考虑建议 make a proposal (to sb.) (向某人)提出建议 He accepted the proposal at once,as he thought it was just a friendly contest.他立刻接受了这个提议,因为他认为那只是一场友 谊赛而已。 I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我提了个建议,下周我们开个会。 His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habi

26、ts. 他提议我们应该改掉这些不良习性。 (2)n.求婚 make/offer a proposal to sb.向某人求婚 He has fallen in love with a farmers daughter and has made a proposal to her.他爱上了一个农夫的女儿,并已经向她求婚了。 归纳拓展 propose vt.建议;提议;求婚;提名 propose doing/to do建议做 propose+that 从句(should+动词原形) 建议/提议 propose to向求婚 propose a toast (to sb.)(为某人)祝酒 特别提醒 表

27、示“建议”的动词:suggest,recommend 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)To her disappointment,her(propose) was refused at the meeting. (2)He proposed(change) the name of the company. (3)I made a proposal that he(send) to hospital at once. 2.改为同义句 (1)Tom proposed delaying our decision until the next meeting. Tomdelaying our dec

28、ision until the next meeting. (2)He made a proposal to his girlfriend but was refused. Heto his girlfriend but was refused. Point10 protest 用法详解 (1) n.抗议 make a protest against 对提出抗议 raise a storm of protest 引起了一场抗议风潮 in protest at/against 以示抗议 The announcement raised a storm of protest. 这个声明引起了一场抗议

29、风潮。 The people made a protest against the rise in prices. 人们对价格上涨提出抗议。 (2)vi.抗议 protest about/against/at (公开)反对;抗议 protest bitterly/strongly 强烈抗议 Environmentalists have been protesting about the destruction of Amazon rainforests.环境保护主义者一直在抗议对亚马孙河热 带雨林的破坏。 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Students took to the street

30、s to protestthe decision. (2)Its no use(protest); I wont change my mind. (3)They went on strike(罢工)(protest) at the new policy. 2.改为同义句 All local farmers protested against building the new airport on their farmland. All local farmersbuilding the new airport on their farmland. Point11likely 用法详解 (1)a

31、dv.可能地。可以与 very 连用,比较级、最高级分别为 more/less likely,most/least likely。 Youll most likely see these animals at dusk. 黄昏时分你最有可能会看到那些动物。 (2)adj.可能的。常做表语,比较级、最高级分别为 more/less likely,most/least likely。 be likely to do可能做 It is likely that可能 Tickets are likely to be expensive.入场券可能很贵。 Its more than likely that

32、 the thieves dont know how much it is worth. 盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。 归纳拓展 unlikely adj.不大可能的 易混辨析likely/possible/probable 易混词意义 likely 指从外表、迹象上判断,有可能发生。与 probable意思相近。likely 既可用人,也可用物做主语,句型是 It is likely that或 Sb./Sth.is likely to (do) possible 客观上有可能,含有希望很小的意味。常用句型有 It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或 It i

33、s possible that。possible做 表语时不能用人做主语 probable 可能性比 possible大,表示“很可能”。常用句型有 It is probable that或 It is possible (for sb.) to do。probable做 表语时也不能用人做主语 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)Childrens early sleeping problems are likely(continue) when they grow up. (2)Depressed patients are(likely) to become ill than normal

34、people. (3)Stephen Hawking believed that the earth is(likely) to be the only planet where life has developed gradually. 2.选词填空(likely/possible/probable) (1)There are only a few clouds.The weather isto be fine. (2)It seemsthat the meeting will not be a success,as someone has left halfway. (3)Would it

35、 befor me to leave a message for her? 3.一句多译 我们可能晚些时候会见到他。 (1)(likely adj.) (2)(likely adv.) (3)(possible) Point12turn to 用法详解 (1)求助于 He often turns to me for help when he is in trouble. 他有麻烦时常向我求助。 I have no one but you to turn to. 你是我唯一可以请求帮助的人。 (2)致力于 More and more people turn to computer science

36、. 愈来愈多的人从事计算机科学研究。 (3)转向 “Just a minute,” the American says,turning to his hostess. “且慢!”那个美国人一边说着一边转向他的女主人。 (4)翻到 If you turn to Page 40,you will find it. 翻到第 40页,你就会找到它。 (5)变成 It is getting colder,and I think the rain will soon turn to snow. 天越来越冷,我想雨很快就会变成雪。 归纳拓展 有关 turn的短语: turn around/round 转身t

37、urn down 关小;拒绝 turn in 上缴;上交turn off关掉 turn up出现;露面;调大turn over移交;打翻;翻身 turn out 生产;结果是;出动 经典例题 1.写出 turn to的含义 (1)He couldnt earn a living as a novelist,so he turned to a journalist. (2)Let me turn to my notes to refresh my memory of the figures. (3)As no help came,peoples sadness turned to helples

38、sness. 2.用 turn 的相关短语填空 (1)Dontthe computer before closing all programs,or you could have problems. (2)Much to the familys surprise,Dennisat the hospital with gifts for the new mother and her baby. (3)However,anger can easilyviolence,and it is best to know the reasons for anger. (4)How could yousuch

39、 a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? Point13 limit 用法详解 (1)vt.限制;限定 limit sth.to sth.把限定在的范围内 be limited to sth.受限制于 Try to limit your speech to five minutes. 尽量把你的演讲限制在 5 分钟内。 The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures. 教授历史不应该局限于讲年代和人物。 (2)n.界限;限度 put

40、/set a limit to对限制 within the limits of 在的范围内 without limit 无限(制)地 There is a limit to有对的限制 They have to set a limit to the expense of the trip. 他们不得不限制这趟旅行的费用。 Our life has a limit,but knowledge is without limit. 生命有限,知识无涯。 归纳拓展 limitless adj.无限制的;无界限的 limited adj.有限的 limitation n.局限;控制 经典例题 1.单句语法

41、填空 (1)I was sorry that my vocabularies were so(limit) that I could find no words to describe it. (2)Ill help as much as I can,but there is a limitwhat I can do. (3)There are(limit) possibilities if you keep an open mind. 2.单句写作 (1)你最好给每月的开支设置限度。 You had betterthe monthly expenses. (2)那孩子的想象力是无限的。 th

42、e childs imagination. Point14 loss 用法详解 (1)n.丧失;损失 loss of sight 失明 at a loss不知所措;蒙受损失 be a loss to sb.对某人来说是一种损失 Im at a loss what to do next.我对下一步做什么心里没谱。 (2)n.去世;逝世 The loss of his wife was a great blow to him. 他妻子的去世对他是个巨大的打击。 归纳拓展 lose vt.失去 lose ones job失业 lost adj.迷路的;迷失的;丢失的 make up for lost

43、 time 弥补失去的时间 be lost in 迷失于;沉浸于 经典例题 1.单句写作 (1)失明完全改变了他的生活。 has completely changed his life. (2)有五双鞋可供选择,但我不知道买哪一双。 There are five pairs of shoes to choose from,but Imwhich pair to buy. 2.单句语法填空 (1)She was silent for a while,(lose) in thought. (2)The closure of the factory will lead to a number of

44、job(lose). Point15 contribution 用法详解 n.捐款,捐资;贡献;稿件 make a contribution to (doing) 为做贡献 Personally,I am ready to make a contribution to those who are badly off. 就我而言,我是很乐意捐款给那些穷困潦倒的人的。 Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment. 每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。 All contributions for the May iss

45、ue must be received by Friday. 所有要在五月这一期发表的稿件必须在星期五以前寄到。 归纳拓展 contribute vt.捐献;撰稿;是的原因之一 contribute to 为捐献/撰稿;导致;促成 contributor n.投稿人;捐款者;(节目的)嘉宾 特别提醒 表示“向捐款”的短语:donate to 经典例题 1.单句语法填空 (1)We contributed 5,000the earthquake fund. (2)Who made a great(contribute) to the civil-rights movement in the US

46、? (3)He was awarded a prize for his contribution to(protect) the environment. 2.改为同义句 They made a contribution to the relief fund. Theythe relief fund. Point16 within 用法详解 (1)prep.在(某段时间、距离或范围)之内 within reach of在附近(距离不远) within ones reach 在某人够得着的范围 within sight of 能看见(在眼前) within walking distance 步行

47、距离内 You can go by bus,but its within walking distance. 你可以乘公共汽车去,但那儿很近,走过去就行。 We are now within range of enemy fire. 我们现在处于敌人的火力射程以内。 (2)prep.在里;在内部 within oneself从某人内心come from within 来自于内心 It built up a state of tension within themselves. 那使他们心里十分紧张。 (3)adv.里面 A small voice called from within,“Yes

48、,just coming.” 里面传来一个轻柔的声音:“好,就来。” 特别提醒 within的反义词是 beyond,介词,表示“超出的范围”。相关短语:beyond ones reach 够不着;beyond doubt毫无疑问 经典例题 1.单句写作 (1)我确实相信美丽来自内在。 I truly believe that beauty. (2)恐怕我不能在这周内完成报告。 Im afraid I cant finish the report. (3)我们住在离伦敦很近的地方。 We liveLondon. 2.一句多译 那水果我够不着。 (1)(within) (2)(beyond) P

49、oint17 issue 用法详解 (1)n.重要议题;争论的问题;问题 We need to do our best to address important issues. 我们需要尽最大努力解决重要的问题。 (2)n.(杂志等)一期;期号 The article appeared in the latest issue of the magazine. 该文发表在最新一期杂志上。 (3)n.发行;分发 I bought a set of the new stamps on the date of issue. 我在新邮票发行的当天就买了一套。 (4)vt.宣布;公布 issue sth.

50、(to sb.) (向某人) 宣布某事 They issued a joint statement denying the charges. 他们发表联合声明否认指控。 (5)vt.出版,发行 The editor told me that he would issue my recent poems in about a months time.编辑告诉我,他将在大约一个月后出版我最近 的诗作。 经典例题 1.单句写作 (1)政府发布了有关流感的报告。 The governmenton the flu. (2)保持中华传统文化是一个热点问题。 Maintaining Chinese trad