Unit1-Unit5 Words and expressions 重点单词讲解 ppt课件 -（2019）新人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、Unit One People of Achievement Words and Expressions 1. crucial: adj. extremely important至至关重要的关重要的; 关键性的关键性的 1)In the football match, thas last point by Ronaldo is crucial. 2)The new academic your is going to be crucial as it rinks the first and last years. 3) This years Nobel Prize for Physiology

2、or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou, whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. 2. vital:adj. important or necessary to succeed 必不可少的必不可少的; 极极其重要的其重要的; 充满生机的充满生机的 vitality: energy and enthusiasm 生命力；活力；热情生命力；活力；热情 1)Artemisinin has become a vital p

3、art of the treatment for malaria. 2)The police play a vital role in our society. 3)Reading is of vital importance in language learning. 3. commit: v. to promise 承诺承诺; 保保证证(某个人、机构等某个人、机构等) vi. to be loyal/devoted to忠于忠于; 全心全意投入全心全意投入(工作、工作、 活动等活动等) commit to + 名词名词/代词代词: 承诺某事承诺某事 committed: adj. will

4、ing to work hard 坚坚定的定的; 坚坚信信的的;尽心尽心 尽力尽力的的 1)You dont have to commit to anything at the meeting. 2)The child has committed himself to studying hard from now on. 3)Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930. 4)Everyone is a committed member of the te

5、am so that they won the game eventually. 4. objective: n. sth. that you try to achieve目标目标; 目的目的 adj. based on facts 客观的客观的 subjective: adj. based on ones mind 主观的主观的 1)In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Y

6、ouyou was among the first researchers chosen. 2)What is the main objective of this project? 3)We will try to take an objective view of the situation. 5. evaluate: vt. to form an opinion of amount or quality, etc 评价评价; 评估评估 1)Their research attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of the different dru

7、gs in dealing with Covid-19. 2)The market situation is difficult to evaluate during the time of pandemic. 3)We shouldnt evaluate people by their clothes. 4) Tu Youyous team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. 6. distinct: adj. clear or di

8、fferent 清晰的清晰的; 清清楚的楚的; 有区别的有区别的 be distinct/different from.: 与与不同不同 1)From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. 2)His voice was quiet but every word was distinct. 3)The two concepts are distinct/

9、different from each other. 7. obtain: vt. to get or win (especially by working hard)(尤指尤指 经努力经努力)获得获得; 贏得贏得; vi. to exist(规章、习俗等规章、习俗等)存在存在; 流行流行 1)They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. 2)They finally managed t

10、o obtain a copy of the document. 3)The custom still obtains in the districts. 8. acknowledge: vt. to admit or express thanks to 承认承认(属实、属实、 权威等权威等); (公开公开)感谢感谢 1)I acknowledge that I have done something wrong. 2)He is widely acknowledged as the best player in the world. 3)We gratefully acknowledge f

11、inancial support from several local businesses. 9. defeat: n. failure失败失败; 挫败挫败; vt. to win or beat 击败击败; 战战胜胜 1)Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. 2)The football team was defeated and stopped their way to champion. 23. analyse/analyze nlaz: v. 分析分析 analysis nl

12、ss: n. 分分析析 (复数复数: analyses) 1)She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. 2)We should develop the students ability to analyse and solve problems. 3) We need to analyse what went wrong. 24. apparently prntli: adv. 显而易见

13、显而易见; 看来看来; 显然显然 apparent : adj. 显而易见的显而易见的; 明白易懂的明白易懂的; 表表面上的面上的 clearly: adv. 清楚地清楚地; 明显地明显地 obviously: adv. 明显地明显地; 显而易见显而易见 parent pernt: n. 父亲父亲; 母亲母亲; 父父母母 1)She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. 2)Apparently the boss is not satisfied with y

14、our progress. 3)The news apparently came as a complete surprise. 25. substance sbstns: n. 物质物质; 物品物品; 事实根事实根据据 1)Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. 2)Soil consists of various chemical substances. 3)Water, ice and steam are the same substance in diff

15、erent forms. 4)The police found an illegal substance in his box. 5)There is some substance in what she says. 26. insist nsst: vi./vt. 坚持坚持; 坚决要求坚决要求 suggest, recommend, order,demand, request, require, ask, urge(强烈要求强烈要求), insist(坚决要求坚决要求)等接等接that宾语从句时宾语从句时, 从从句用句用 should do/be 结构结构, should可省可省。 1)I

16、didnt want to go but he insisted. 2)The president insisted that he supported the hard-working people of the country. 3)The soldiers insisted/insist that they (should) go to the battlefield at once. 4)I insisted/insist that the students (should) be given more homework. 27. insist on/upon.: 坚决要求坚决要求 1

17、)Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. 2)If you insist on leaving now, please go ahead. 3) She insisted on his/him wearing a new suit. 4)We always insist on a high standard when the students read aloud. 28. scientific santfk

18、: adj. 科学科学(上上)的的; 关于科学的关于科学的 science sans: n. 科学科学; 理理科科 scientist santst: n. 科学家科学家 1)It is indeed an honour for Chinas scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 2)We need to be more scientific about this issue. 29. mostly mstli: adv. 主要地主要地; 一般地一般地 mainly: adv. 主要地主要

19、地; 大部分大部分; 大多大多 1)His students are mostly in their early twenties. 2)I mostly wear black or blue trousers. 3)She mostly stays at home looking after the children. 30. wear and tear te(r): (正常使用造成的正常使用造成的)磨损磨损; 损耗损耗 1)Do you think about the problem of wear and tear on the car? 2)The truck shows no sig

20、n of wear and tear. 3)These products can stand wear and tear. 31. conclusion knklun: n. 结论结论; 推论推论 conclude knklud: v. 推断推断; 断定断定; 结束结束 draw/reach/come to a conclusion: 得得出结论出结论 jump to a conclusion: 匆匆忙得出结论忙得出结论 in conclusion: 总而言总而言之之 1)The judges conclusion is completely wrong. 2)We can draw some

21、 conclusions from our discussion. 3)I ve come to the conclusion that hes not the right person for the job. 32. penicillin pensln: n. 青霉素青霉素; 盘尼西林盘尼西林 1)The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicilin. 2)Penicillin is a drug that kills bacteria and is used to treat infections. 3)P

22、enicillin came into being as a result of many years of experiments. 4)Some diseases are quickly brought under control by penicillin. 青霉青霉素素(penicillin)又又被称被称为盘为盘尼西尼西林林, 青青 霉素是抗菌素的一霉素是抗菌素的一种种, 能能破坏细菌的细胞破坏细菌的细胞 壁并在细菌细胞的繁殖期起杀菌作壁并在细菌细胞的繁殖期起杀菌作用。用。 青青霉素是很常用的抗菌药霉素是很常用的抗菌药品品,但但每次使用每次使用 前必须做皮前必须做皮试试, 以以防过敏防

23、过敏。 33. flee fli (fled - fled): v. 迅速离开迅速离开; 逃跑逃跑 flee to: 逃逃跑到跑到 flee (from):从从逃跑逃跑 run away (from.): 逃跑逃跑; 逃逃离离 escape skep: v. 逃跑逃跑; 逃避逃避 escape from.: 从从.逃逃跑跑 1)She fled to the USA after the war broke out. 2)The man was caught trying to flee his homeland. 3)They fled from Hong Kong with the help

24、 of some Americans. 34. circumstance skmstns: n. (复数复数)条件条件; 环境环境; 状况状况 condition: n. 情况情况; 状况状况; 条件条件 in/under no circumstances: 决不决不 in/under the circumstances: 在在这种情况这种情况下下; 既既然如此然如此 1)It will depend on the circumstances. 2)Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people. 3)Un

25、der normal circumstances, I would say yes to her proposal. 4)We can trust her in any circumstance. 5)There are circumstances in which we must take measures to protect children. 35. novelist nvlst: n. 小说家小说家 1)The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J. K. Rowing. 2)Mo Ya

26、n is a very famous novelist in China. 3)As a novelist, I tell stories and people give me money. 36. novel nvl: n. (长篇长篇)小说小说 adj. 新颖的新颖的; 新的新的; 与众不同的与众不同的 story: n. 故事故事; 小说小说; 新闻报道新闻报道 1)The novel is based on her travels in Africa. 2)The film is based on a novel by Jack Brown. 3)Mark Twain used his

27、 childhood as raw material for this novel. 37. flow fl: n. 流流; 流动流动; 流畅流畅; 供应供应 v. 流流; 流动流动 1)The water flows at about 1.5 metres per second. 2)The nurse tried to stop the flow of blood from the wound. 3)Make sure that there is a free flow of air around the building. 4)The flow of goods to the city

28、has been cut off because of the earthquake. 38. chart tt: n. 图表图表 v. 记录记录; 制订计划制订计划 document: n. 文件文件; 公文公文; 文档文档 v. 记录记录; 记载记载 record: v. 记录记录; 记载记载; 录制录制 1)This is todays weather chart. 2)The book charts the history of the Forbidden City. 3)We will chart the route(线路线路) to our destination. flow ch

29、art flow chart 39. flow chart : 流程图流程图 1)I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me. 2)Draw a flow chart to show what you will do tomorrow. 40. found fand: vt. 创建创建; 建立建立; 把把建立在建立在 found - founded - founded find (found) fand： v. 找到找到; 发发现现; 感觉感

30、觉; 认为认为 establish stbl : v. 建立建立;创立创立 1)They will found a club next month. 2)The Chinese Communist Party was founded in Shanghai on July 1,1921. 41. infer nf(r): vt. 推断推断; 推定推定 【refer, infer, prefer, occur, stir, star 等等 要要双写双写r后后, 再加再加ed/ing; offer, suffer 不不双写双写,直接加直接加ed/ing】 1)What can you infer

31、from the text / passage/article? 2)We should try to infer the meanings of new words from the context. 3)I inferred from the news that the driver was responsible for the accident. 42. politician pltn: n. 从政者从政者; 政治家政治家; 政客政客 political pltkl: adj. 政治的政治的; 党派的党派的 politics pltks: n. 政治政治 1)She remains t

32、he most popular politician in Europe. 2)As a politician, he knows how to make a speech in public. 43. numerous njumrs: adj. 众多的众多的; 许多的许多的 number nmb: n. 数字数字; 数数目目 a number of (+ 复数名复数名): 许多许多 the number of (+ 复数名复数名): 的数的数字字 1)The advantages of this system are too numerous to mention. 2)His views

33、have been expressed in his numerous speeches. 3)In a mall, there are numerous departments selling different kinds of goods. 44. theory ri: n. 理论理论; 学说学说 put the theory into practice : 将将理论付诸理论付诸/用于实践用于实践 in theory: 理论理论上上; 按按理说理说 1)The statistics offer further support for our theory. 2)Your theory p

34、roved to be wrong/right. 45. relativity reltvti: n. 相对论相对论; 相对性相对性 The Theory of Relativity: 相对论相对论 The General Theory of Relativity: 广广义相对论义相对论 The Special Theory of Relativity: 狭狭义相对论义相对论 According to the Theory of Relativity, nothing can travel faster than light. 46. formula fmjl: n. 公式公式; 方程式方程式

35、; 配方配方 1)He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc 2. 2)This formula is used to calculate the area of a circle. 3)The girl asked the teacher how to apply the chemical formula. 4)He has decided to retire from Fo

36、rmula One racing at the end of the season. 5)Do they know the secret formula for this drink? 47. genius dinis: n. 天才天才; 天资天资; 天赋天赋 gift ft: n. 礼物礼物; 天赋天赋 gifted ftd: adj. 有天赋的有天赋的; 有才华的有才华的 have a gift/genius for: 对对有天有天赋赋 1)Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved b

37、y many people. 2)The man is a real/true genius but he has difficulty expressing himself. 3)He was a genius in both science and art. 4)The girl has a genius for (studying) languages. 48. gentle dentl: adj. 温柔的温柔的; 文静的文静的 gently: adv. 温温柔地柔地; 文文静地静地 (terrible comfortable simple gentle) 1)This gentle g

38、enius was born in Germany on 14 March, 1879. 2)My son is a quiet and gentle man who likes sports and enjoys life. 3)You should be gentle with your husband in public. 49. patent ptnt /petnt: n. 专利专利; 专专利证书利证书; 获得专利获得专利 adj. 有专利的有专利的; 受专利保护的受专利保护的 apply for/obtain/get a patent on/for an invention: 申申请

39、请/获得发明专利权获得发明专利权 apply for/obtain/get a patent on/for.: 申申请请/获得获得.专利权专利权 a patent application/law/medicine: 专专利申请利申请/专利法专利法/专利药专利药 1)After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. 2)The new machine is protected by patent. 3)They have got

40、a patent for their machine. 4)The patent runs out (过期过期; 失效失效) in twenty years. 50. passion pn: n. 酷爱酷爱; 激情激情 feeling: n. 感情感情; 情感情感 emotion: n. 情感情感; 情情绪绪 have a passion for.: 热热爱爱; 酷爱酷爱 1)He made a speech with great passion. 2)The old woman has a passion for dancing. 3)The Chinese people have a pa

41、ssion for peace. 51. doctorate dktrt: n. 博士学位博士学位 = doctors degree: 博士学位博士学位 take/receive/get/obtain/earn a (ones) doctors degree (in.): 获获得博士学位得博士学位 take/receive/get/obtain/earn a (ones) doctorate (in.): 获获得博士学位得博士学位 1)While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to stud

42、y, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. 2)Shes studying for her doctorate in the USA. 3)He obtained his doctorate in maths last year. 52. extraordinary kstrdnri: adj. 不一般的不一般的; 非凡的非凡的; 意想不到的意想不到的 ordinary dnri: adj. 普通的普通的; 平平常的常的; 一般的一般的; 平凡平凡的的 extra ekstr: adj. 额额外的外的; 附加的附加的 adv. 额额外外; 另外另外;

43、特特别别 1)That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle (奇迹奇迹) year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. 2)China has made extraordinary progress in the last 40 years. 3)She is a truly extraordinary woman. 4)He was a man of extraordinary abilities. 53. gradually rduli: adv

44、. 逐渐地逐渐地; 逐步地逐步地 gradual: adj. 逐渐的逐渐的; 逐步的逐步的; 不陡的不陡的 1)Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. 2)The weather will gradually improve. 3)Gradually, the children began to understand it. 54. photoelectric ftlektrk: adj. 光电的光电的 photo ft: n. 照片照片; 相片相片 ele

45、ctric lektrk: adj. 电的电的; 用用电的电的; 电动的电动的 In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. 55. come to power: (开始开始)掌权掌权; 上台上台 come to/into power: 上台上台; 执政执政 be in power: 执政执政 return to power: 重新执政重新执政 1)Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitle

46、r came to power in Germany. 2)Afterwards, when Hitler was in power there, Einstein had to flee Germany. 56. institution nsttjun: n. 社会公共机构社会公共机构; 制度制度; 习俗习俗 1)Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. 2)Her daughter works at an educational institution. 3)I bel

47、ieve in the institution of marriage. 57. institute nsttjut: n. (教育、专业等教育、专业等)机构机构; 学院学院; 机构建筑机构建筑 Massachusetts Institute of Technolog: 麻省理工学院麻省理工学院 California Institute of Technology : 加州理工学院加州理工学院 1)The National Cancer Institute now can quickly provide information. 2)My son works at the local scie

48、nce institute. 58. consequence knskwns: n. 结果结果; 后果后果 in consequence of sth= as a result of sth： 由于由于;因因为为; 作为作为的结果的结果 (状状) due to: 由于由于; 因为因为(表、状表、状) owing to. : 由于由于; 因为因为(状状) thanks to.: 幸亏幸亏; 多亏多亏;由于由于; 因为因为(状状) because of what/名名词词: 因因为为(状状) because/since/as/for + 陈述句陈述句： 由由于于; 因为因为 1)As a cons

49、equence he had to flee Germany. 2)There is nothing we can do to help Linda, whose circumstances are beyond our control. 3)In consequence of your bad work, I will have to fire you. 4)Have you considered the consequences of your failure/the war? 59. take up a position: 担任担任; 任职任职 1)After spending time

50、 in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. 2)He left the factory to take up a new position with another company. 3)In 2009, I moved to China to take up a position at China Daily. moustache beard moustache beard moustache beard 60.