2022届高中英语一轮复习 短文改错讲练学习课件.ppt

1、高中短文改错专练v高考短文改错的短文通常只有高考短文改错的短文通常只有120个词左右，个词左右，有有10处错误，短文的难度也与考生的习作相处错误，短文的难度也与考生的习作相当，考查学生对英语知识的综合运用能力。当，考查学生对英语知识的综合运用能力。各种错误所占比例为各种错误所占比例为v v 1：1：8： 多多 缺缺 错错一一.短文改错的命题特点短文改错的命题特点一短文改错的测试特点1、词法的测试、词法的测试 词法的测试包括：1）定冠词和不定冠词的用法；定冠词和不定冠词的用法；2）名词的单复数和名词所有格；）名词的单复数和名词所有格；3）动词的时态、语态和非谓语动词；）动词的时态、语态和非谓语动

2、词；4）人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代）人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词的用法；词、不定代词的用法；5）介词的搭配；）介词的搭配；6）并列连词、从属连词的用法；）并列连词、从属连词的用法；7）形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用）形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；法；8）固定搭配和习惯用法）固定搭配和习惯用法。2、句法的测试、句法的测试句法的测试包括：句法的测试包括：1）主）主 、谓语在数上的一致；、谓语在数上的一致；2）名词性从句；）名词性从句；3）定语从句；）定语从句；4）强调句型；）强调句型；5）句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻）句子结构的

3、连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。辑性。 3、语篇的测试、语篇的测试语篇的测试包括：语篇的测试包括：1）上下文中的时态是否一致；）上下文中的时态是否一致；2）上下文中的代词是否一致；）上下文中的代词是否一致； 3）上下文中的逻辑是否一致）上下文中的逻辑是否一致。三三.短文改错的题型特点短文改错的题型特点1.错词错词1. Work hard，but you ll make great progress. Work hard, and youll make great progress.2. His ruler is longer than I，which is clear to everybody

4、. His ruler is longer than mine，which is clear to everybody.3. Three four of the building were ruined. Three fourths of the building were ruined.2.缺词缺词在短文中缺词的地方，要求考生按语法。搭配或上下文语义的需要找出所缺的词并补上所缺的词。1.We invited a foreign teacher give us a speech yesterday. We invited a foreign teacher to give us a speec

5、h yesterday. 2. Because the help you gave me that summer,my life changed. Because of the help you gave me that summer, my life changed. 3. Attention .please, everyone ！ I have annoucement to make. Attention, please, everyone! I have an annoucement to make.3.多词多词在短文中有一词按照语法在短文中有一词按照语法.搭配或上下文语义要搭配或上下文

6、语义要求纯属多余求纯属多余,要求考生认定该多余的词并划去要求考生认定该多余的词并划去.v1. Mr Black will go to the US by a plane.v Mr Black will go to the US by plane.2. A shocking incident was happened in Pengyang county on October 14. A shocking incident happened in Pengyang county on October 14. 3. Although Im 16 years old, but my father s

7、till treats me as a careless child . Although Im 16 years old, my father still treats me as a careless child.四、短文改错题的错误类型四、短文改错题的错误类型在高考英语试卷中，短文改错题属综合能力测在高考英语试卷中，短文改错题属综合能力测试题型，要求考生全面地运用语言知识，根试题型，要求考生全面地运用语言知识，根据语法结构。词汇意义。上下文关系等进行据语法结构。词汇意义。上下文关系等进行综合判断，找出错误，加以改正。错误大致综合判断，找出错误，加以改正。错误大致可分为词汇错误。句法错误和

8、上下文逻辑错可分为词汇错误。句法错误和上下文逻辑错误。误。(一一).词法方面的错误主要有词法方面的错误主要有: 1.冠词方面的错误冠词方面的错误 1.该使用冠词的地方没有使用冠词或不需要使用冠词的地方该使用冠词的地方没有使用冠词或不需要使用冠词的地方却使用了冠词却使用了冠词. 2.冠词的误用冠词的误用,该用定冠词的地方使用了不定冠该用定冠词的地方使用了不定冠,而该用不定冠而该用不定冠词的地方却使用了定冠词词的地方却使用了定冠词.1.Two days is not enough for me to finish the work. I need the third day. Two days i

9、s not enough for me to finish the work， I need a third day. 2. Mr Black will go to the US by a plane. Mr Black will go to the US by plane.2.名词方面的错误名词方面的错误1.可数名词数的使用错误可数名词数的使用错误;2.可数名和不可数名可数名和不可数名的混淆的混淆;3. 名词的所有格错误名词的所有格错误.4. 名词做定语名词做定语的用法的用法. 1.Without such knowledges, one would not be able to under

10、stand what was seen or heard. Without such knowledge, one would not be able to understand what was seen or heard.2.To my surprise, he has finished a day work. To my surprise, he has finished a days work. 3. In order to buy a nice pair of shoes, he went to several shoes stores. In order to buy a nice

11、 pair of shoes, he went to several shoe stores.3.情态动词方面的错误情态动词方面的错误Need 和 dare 可以用作实义动词, 在回答由 could 和might引导的表请求的一般疑问句时,不能用could 和 might(应分别用和 may)回答. 1. “ Could I use your dictionary?” “Yes, of course you could”. “ Could I use your dictionary?” “ Yes of course you can”. 2. “ Must I leave here right

12、 now?” “ No you mustnt”. “ Must I leave here right now?” “ No you neednt”. 4.代词的用法错误代词的用法错误.代词误用是要求判别代词同它所指代的词在单复数.格或人称上是否一致;指代什么,用法是否正确;以及作为形式主语或形式宾语it的用法错误。1.Youd better buy you some fruits when you go on a trip. Youd better buy yourself some fruits when you go on a trip.2.I dont think this possib

13、le to learn a foreign language well without hard work. I dont think it possible to learn a foreign language well without hard work.5. 形容词、副词的误用形容词、副词的误用主要指该用形容词的地方用了副词,该用副词的地方用了形容词，还要分析该形容词或副词修饰什么,形式是否正确,是原级、比较级还是最高级 。1.This TV set is the cheaper of the three.This TV set is the cheapest of the three

14、2. The journey was long and tired. The journey was long and tiring. 6.有关连词方面的错误有关连词方面的错误.连接词的误用主要有把握不住句式误用连词,混淆连词与关系副词,推断不出上下文逻辑关系误用连词等.1.Im trying to improve the situation since it doesnt seem to work. Im trying to improve the situation but it doesnt seem to work.2. Be careful, and youll fall into

15、the river. Be careful, or youll fall into the river.7.非谓语动词的用法错误非谓语动词的用法错误.非谓语动词包括动词不定式.动名词和分词.做题时要求判断是用不定式.动名词还是分词.一看到句子中有分词(现在分词或过去分词),就要判断这个分词是表示主动还是被动;是表示现在还是过去;是该用现在分词还是过去分词. Eg :1. On seeing the young child to fall into the lake, Tom went to the rescue. On seeing the young child fall into the

16、lake, Tom went to the rescue.2.The audience stood up, looked out of the window. The audience stood up, looking out of the window.8.介词介词(固定搭配固定搭配)方面的错误方面的错误.介词的误用主要指介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。1. They arrived early in a Tuesday morning。 They arrived early on a Tuesday morning。2.The two classrooms are

17、 quite different from size. The two classrooms are quite different in size.(二二).句法方面的错误有句法方面的错误有:名词性从句. 定语从句.强调句和主胃一致方面的错误.1.Tom fell off his chair by accident got the classmates laughing.That fell off his chair by accident got the classmates laughing.2. It is known to all, too much smoking will cau

18、se lung cancer. As is known to all, too much smoking will cause lung cancer.3. What I need are a big fortune now. What I need is a big fortune now.4.It was at the railway station where I met Li Ming yesterday. It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.五五.短文改错的解题要求短文改错的解题要求 短文改错的目的是测

19、试考生发现、判断、纠正词法、短文改错的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。既句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。既能考查学生词汇和语法方面的能力，也能考查学生能考查学生词汇和语法方面的能力，也能考查学生的阅读理解能力。如果发现错误，规规矩矩地按照的阅读理解能力。如果发现错误，规规矩矩地按照要求改正。要求改正。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ），并在其下），并在其下面写出该词。面写出该词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ）划掉。）划掉。 修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修修改：在错词下面

20、划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。改后的词。六六.短文改错应注意的问题短文改错应注意的问题四不改：四不改：1. 单词拼写不改单词拼写不改 .2. 大小写不改大小写不改 .3. 词序不改词序不改 .4. 标点符号不改标点符号不改七七. 解题步骤解题步骤八八.短文改错口诀短文改错口诀v动词形，名词数。还要注意形和副；动词形，名词数。还要注意形和副；v非谓语，细辨别，代词格，细领悟；非谓语，细辨别，代词格，细领悟；v介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住；介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住；v句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注，句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注，v冠词连词常光顾。冠词连词常光顾。九、综合训练九、综

21、合训练 Test 1 Dear Dad, You are very busy every day that you never pay enough attention to your health. I was worried about your health all the time. Id like to give you some advices. I hear that walking is the best sport. Your company isnt far away from home, is it? Why not to walk to the office? _so_

22、am_adviceYoud better take exercise at most once a week. You can play a basketball in the gym. Going to swim is a nice choice, too. Trying not to stay up too lately. Having enough sleep can help your brain work better. Of course, this is very important to have healthy food. Dad, please receive my adv

23、ice. I really wish you healthy! _least_Try_late_it_accept Test 2 Once a man asked a painter to painting a picture for him. He was told the artist he didnt want any shadows in the picture, just sunshine, but the artist did so. When the man saw the finished picture, he was disappointing. Without shado

24、ws, everything in the picture looks flat and unreal. _paint_and_disappointed_looked The point of the story is that we need both shadows and sunshine to have a completely picture, just as we need both rain and sun to have living world. People, too, needs both sadness and happiness. We often learn imp

25、ortant lesson during sad times. So when we feel sad, we should try to stop and think about that we might learn from the experience. _completea_need_lessons_what Test 3 As students, we have classes for early morning till late afternoon. Therefore, take a ten-minute break between class is definitely i

26、mportant, even necessary. Otherwise we may feel both physically or mentally tired. During the ten-minute break we did something to get rid of tiredness. _from_taking_classes_and_doWhat we need is to have real rest, instead of getting again tired. So dont do anything that will make you too exciting.

27、My ten-minute break is always pleasant. I usually take some exercise. Sometime I have a free chat with my classmates. When the new class begins, I feel freshly again. a_excited_Sometimes_fresh Test 4 Canada is second largest country with the largest number of lakes in the world. It has a population

28、of about 35 millions and the majority of people lives in the central part of the country. Canada is high developed in economy. _millionthe_live_highlyFishing and forestry are of great important in the eastern part. In case of falling ill, people usually go to a clinic instead of a hospital, so its v

29、ery expensive to seeing a doctor there. Therefore almost everyone buys healthy insurance. Right now most of international students choose to study in the east, which the tuition is relatively low._importance_because/since/as_see_health_where Test 5 Dear British friends, Welcome to Beijing. Im very p

30、leased to tell you some arrangements during your stay in Beijing. Our headmaster Mr. Smith were to meet you on Monday morning and she will tell you something about our school. You will be shown off the lab building and the library in the afternoon. On Tuesday the students of both countries are to vi

31、sit the Great Wall, _is_he_around/over/round about that Mr. Zhang will tell some extreme interesting stories. In the evening we are going to have a party in Room 402. The Chinese and the English students will give nice performance at the party, show their cultures respectively. At 9:45 a.m. on Wedne

32、sday youll leave Xian by the train. I hope you will have a good time here. Thanks you. _whichfor_extremely_performances_showing_Thank Test 6 Hi, Janice,Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. As I tell you last

33、time, I made three new friend here. We hang out together during lunch and after school. Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. Its been three _toldto_friends_singingSaturdays now and it really costs me many. And I started to see this as a time-wasting activity! In fact, I dont like t

34、o go anymore, so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship. How do you think I should do? If you are me, would you talk to him? Please help with me and give me some advice.Grace_much_but_What_were_them Test 7 My soccer coach retired in last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement p

35、arty. My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help. Mum taught me some basic step of baking. I insisted on doing most of the baking myself. I thought the biscuits were really well. _something_best_decided_steps_goodMy only mistake was that I dropped some on the floo

36、r after I was packing them up. At a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked, “I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.” My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoyed the biscuits with happy laughter

37、!_when/whileto_the_enjoying Test 8 Dear John,Hows everything? We havent seen each other for a long time. Im very exciting to receive an e-mail from you. Im glad you have made so great progress that you can write your e-mail with good Ch inese. I read your e-mail to my parent and showed them the phot

38、os youd sent to me. _excited_such_in_parentsWhat time flies! Our friendship lasted for several months. We have got to know and learned a lot of from each other. Yes, its obviously that the life in Australia is quite different from one in China. Im looking forward to hear from you soon and I hope you

39、 will come to China in the near future.Best wishes to you!Yours,Zhang Yang_Howhas_obvious_that_hearing Test 9 A young man called Low-Carbon Brother become a hit on the Internet in 2011. He suggests living a low-carbon life, which means using less energy in our daily life so that we can help reducing

40、 carbon dioxide in the air. For example, she always picks up some waste paper on the street or uses the blank side to write something. While he is watching TV, he always turns up the screen brightness to the minimum and turns off the light. _became_reduce_he_and_down Therefore, he goes to work by bi

41、ke instead of driving. Some people think what he is doing is just a show. No one can live such a simply life with so many modern invention around us. As far as I am concerned, I am strongly in support his idea and his behavior. Although what he is doing has no huge effect on global warming, but he a

42、t least can enjoy a healthy life._Besidesof_simple_inventions Test 10 During the summer vacation this year, I thought I should do everything meaningful instead of stay at home. Therefore, I got a job at a KFC fast food restaurant and worked there like a cleaner. I worked eight hours a day for three

43、week. The job was hard and bored, and it seemed endless, _something_staying_as_weeks_boring what made me so tired that I nearly gave it up halfway. And I stuck to it with great determination. Every day I start off for work early in the morning and got to home late in the evening. Finally I finished

44、the job before the new term began.Now, I understand what labor means. I think it is really great experience._whicha_But_started Test 11 Yesterday I stepped into a restaurant for lunch. As I was waiting my order to come, I noticed the old man in a wheel chair roll himself over to a table. No one and

45、me seemed to notice him. I got up and go over to his table and asked if that I could get him something to drink.for_an_but/excep_wentHe smiled and said, “Thank you. You are generously. Id like any orange juice, please.” When I was getting ready to leave, I walked by the old mans table to saying good

46、bye. He thanked me again and told me I had made his days, coming over and helping him out. I gave him a hug and told him he had made my day, either._generous_some_say_day_to Test 12 The winter holiday is coming, which made me excited. I have been looking forward at relaxing myself. Id like to go ska

47、ting, climb mountains and see several movie. I think I can play the basketball with my classmates. How a wonderful time Ill have during the winter holiday!_makes_to_movies_WhatHowever, my parents think different. They dont want me go out. They are afraid Ill be knocked down by a truck, fallen off a

48、tree, or fight with others. Beside, they are afraid I will lose my way. I hate being treated like a bird keeping in a cage. To get more freedom, I will try to convince them._differentlyto_fall_Besides_kept Test 13 This morning, I go to the store near my home to do some shopping.I was walking down th

49、e Test while I gave a violent cough. The woman standing next to me was so shocking that she consequently dropped a jar of oil. For that very moment, a girl was walking by. She slipped on the oil, fell onto the broke glass and hit her head on the floor. _went_when_shocked_At_broken After a while, the

50、re were blood poured down her face. I felt really guilty and sent the girl to the nearest hospital without the delay. A doctor examined her wound carefully. To my relief, it was not serious. The girl had a little smile on her face before the doctor dressed wound._wasthe/her_pouring_after Test 14 Mar