（新教材）人教版必修第一册英语第一单元知识点详解.doc（10页）

1、第一部分词汇学习1.识别词汇识别词汇： （知道汉语意思即可，教材中标注为非重点词汇）（知道汉语意思即可，教材中标注为非重点词汇）teenagefreshmanconfuingconfuseadvancedextra-curricularsurvivaladdictedChicagoSeoul2. 识别词汇识别词汇： （尽管标着黑体，但是使用频度不高，所以只要求英汉对译）（尽管标着黑体，但是使用频度不高，所以只要求英汉对译）balletgreenhousetitlefluentdebatechallengetopicliteratureextraplategenerationadultclean

2、 up黑体变形词汇1). teenagerteenteenageResearch now says adding fiber to the teen diet may help lower the risk of breast cancer.现在研究表明给青少年的食谱中增加纤维有可能会降低他们患乳腺癌的机率。Parents are concerned that their children may get involved in criminal offences once they reach their teens.父母们担心当孩子们到了 10 几岁的时候他们会卷入刑事犯罪。上面的两个例子

3、的“teen”表示的是“1319 岁的青少年”，所以 teenage 表示青少年时期，而 teenager 则表示一个 10几岁的少年。与之相关的短语还有，in ones teens 在某人 10 几岁的时候。2). movemovingmovablemobilemovementBut the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement.但是因为反疫苗运动，这种疾病正在反弹。For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a com

4、fortable distance from humans.比如，会动的机器人被设定与人类保持适宜的距离。（mobile phone 手机）This dresser is movable; we can take it to our new flat.这个梳妆台是可以移动的，我们能把它搬到新的住所。flat.3). graduategraduate 毕业生graduation 毕业graduate fromAlatest study on the college job market showed that employers wanted to hire 22% fewer graduate

5、s this year than last.一项最新毕业生就业市场的调查表明，今年雇主乐意雇佣新毕业生的人数比去年减少了 22%。I graduated on scholarship and danced professionally for ten years.我靠着奖学金毕业并且以舞蹈为业跳了 10 年。cook, produce,4). obviousobviouslyIt seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.看起好像很显然进化论更青睐更大的大脑。One solution is obviously to

6、 import foreign workers via immigration.一个明显的解决方案就是通过移民引进外来务工人员。Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldnt find the caldera anywhere.很明显，黄石公园是第二类型的，但是 Christiansen 不可能在别的地方再找到喷火山口了。5). responseresponsibleresponsibilityirresponsibleIt has brought up generations of respons

7、ible citizens.这已经教育出几代负责人的公民。Many environmental experts now believe that methane is more responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide很多环境方面的专家认为甲烷比二氧化碳更应该对全球气候变暖负责。6). behavebehaviourPeople believing in freedom are those who behave within the laws and value systems信仰自由的人是那些遵纪守法看重秩序的人。Behave yo

8、urself.He behaved strangely during the meeting.(normal)Existing social networks can be more effective in creating change in peoples behaviour.现有的社交网络能更有效的让人们在行为上有所改变。7). youngyouthIts the stage in the middle of the journey when people feel youth vanishing, their prospects narrowing and deathapproach

9、ing.这是人生的中年阶段，此时人们会感到青春逝去，前景渺茫，死神正来。Agreat decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance.比如，在中国可能会出现年轻劳动力急剧下降的现象。8). editeditoreditionYou should also list the software you use to edit any images.你还应该列举你用来编辑图像的软件。The latest edition 最新版。3. 补充词汇补充词汇： （本单元中出现，但是没列在词汇表中，有些需要掌握（本单元

10、中出现，但是没列在词汇表中，有些需要掌握） 。relaxrelatiohshipchoicedatedecisiondailyabsorbcircuskeeneagercoachboredstrengthrevealcharactercomparecategoryfunctionviolinistorganisationdetailsloganrequirementrecruitassemblymaterialrelax1). You are working too hard. Youd better keep a balance between work and relaxation.你工作

11、太努力了。最好要保持劳逸结合。2). They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world.他们闹着笑着，生活在自己轻松的世界里。3). If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music.如果你想让进餐变得缓慢，那就选择舒缓的音乐。choice1). I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.我别无选择，只能

12、麻烦您帮我改一下我寄给您材料中的错误。2). It had also given me a54, either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope.54. A. choice B. reward C. promiseD. break它已经让我别无选择，只能是要么停止，要么带着希望继续写下去。3). Dont be too choosy about the part of town you stay in.（particular about, picky about）4). Before choices

13、are finalized, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their childrens choices.在你做出最终选择前，父母或护工需要被要求去签字确认孩子们的选择。absorb1). I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.我不想对模特行业变得涉足过深。2). When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.他经常是一忘我的工作就会忘

14、记吃睡。be lost inbe taken into= be buried in 忙于，忘我bore1).Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there.又过了 15 分钟，我变得不耐烦了。 （因为）那位女士依然还在那。2).As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规常规) basis.所有的活动如果每天必做的话都会变得无聊，此为常理。3). In t

15、he former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult.在前一种 情形，我们会怠工，要么因为工作太无聊要么工作太难。compare1). There are several reasons to develop in children before their general cognitive(认知) skills, at least when comparedwith chimps.至少与猩猩相比，在孩子们的基本认知能力形成之前，会出现各种各样样的诱因。4.重点

16、掌握词汇Volunteer1).名词：表示志愿者In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word touch four times using the smartkeyboard.在一项与之相关的调查中，调查者让 100 名志愿者打使用这款智能键盘“touch”这个单词 4 遍。Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24.我们大部分的志愿者年龄都在 1724 岁之间。2).动词：表示志愿去做什么。Since he first started

17、12his car to the young people, Wilson has13astonishing 64, 000 miles.12. A. donatingB. lendingC. deliveringD. volunteering13. A. pavedB. coveredC. measuredD. wandered自从 Wilson 初次用车志愿接送这些年轻人开始，他已经走过了惊人的 64000 英里。preferto1).单独使用，及物动词I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river and one

18、of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.我喜欢沿长江的旅行，长江是中国最长并且也是中华文明的母亲河之一。When I was eighteen, I decided that I really preferred contemporary dance and that I wanted to do it professionally.当我 18 岁时，我认为我真正喜欢的现代舞并且想把现代跳舞作为自己的职业。2).和 would 连用You accidentally reveal(透露)to entire company what menu ch

19、oices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or whatholiday youd like to take.你偶然把圣诞聚餐的食谱透露给了公司或者是你想度什么假3).preferA to BThat is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.鱼喜欢浅水而不喜欢深水因为浅水比较温暖。They gradually lose the habit of migrating in winterThey prefer rubbish

20、 dumps far away to those at home.它们慢慢失去冬天迁徙的习惯。它们喜欢远处的垃圾堆而不喜欢在自己家门口的。4). Prefer to do rather than doId prefer to go for a walk rather than sit here watching them play football.我宁愿去散步而不想坐在这儿看他们踢足球.5). Prefer somebody to do somethingUnlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay l

21、onger and spend.不像快餐店，好的餐厅希望顾客待得更长时间来消费。6). 词形变化：Some people like jogging at night and Its a matter of personal _(prefer). (preference)有些人喜欢在夜晚慢跑，这是个人的喜好。I must say I have a strong preference _ this product.( for)我得说我对这种产品非常青睐。They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they _(prefer) good n

22、ews to bad. (preferred)他们需要这样或那样的刺激而且他们喜好好消息不喜欢坏消息。content1). 形容词：满足满意。常用 be content to do something 或 be content with/inAfter a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery.过了一段时间，她看起来好像乐意把她丈夫一个人留在墓地。She seemed so content in her observation.她看起来对她的观察很满意。Andy is content with th

23、e toy.Andy 对他的玩具很满意。2). 名词：内容，内涵There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.在食品行业，低脂肪低盐只是最近才有的一种趋势。3).过去分词形成的形容词Tania kept the children reasonably quiet and contented.塔妮娅把孩子们哄得安安静静而又心满意足。He wont be contented until hes upset everyone in the office

24、.他不把办公室的每个人弄得心烦意乱就不满足。Suit1). 动词：适合At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions.在展销会上，你可以和种植行家讨论哪种果树最适合你的情况。Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes andhigh-end restaur

25、ants.一些专家怀疑 3D 食品打印机，认为他们比起家用或高端酒店来说，它们更适合快餐店。Very spicy food doesnt suit her (stomach).非常辛辣的食品不适合她的胃口2). 名词：套装Why did Larry purchase an expensive navy suit and golden tie？为什么 Larry 要买那么昂贵的海军服和金色的领带？3). 词形变化To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for both childre

26、n and adults.总之，“人兔的诅咒”是一部了不起的老少皆宜的电影。This programme is not suitable for children.这个节目儿童不宜。confused1). 使义动词：表示令人疑虑的，使人迷惑的。This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused.这个不合理的公交时刻表真得让我完全蒙了。They can become confused by seeing many photographs or similar faces.他们可能会因为看到那么多图片或相似的面孔而感到困惑。I think

27、its a serious mistake to confuse books with life.我认为把书本和说活混为一谈是严重错误的。The instructions on the box are very confusing.盒子上的说明令人费解。The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a confusing world.作者把小说阅读作为一个遁世之法，远离纷繁的世界。2). 词形变化：Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait

28、until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.因为这种困惑，所以 Merat 认为一些汽车制造商会一直等到汽车可以不需要操作完全自动化的时候。Recommend-掌握这一点：一“坚持”二“命令”三“要求”四“建议”省略 should 的虚拟语气。He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.他推荐她做一些调查并和牙医谈论一些更健康的糖果含有什么样的成分。As a re

29、tired ear doctor, I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.作为一个退休眼科医生，我向听力正常和失聪的人强力推荐 TV Ears。sign up for1). 名词，迹象、征兆、标志Small signs may indicate great changes to come and therefore merit attention.小的征兆可能暗示大变革的到来所以值得关注。I often found myself telling

30、my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.我发觉自己经常告诉妈妈慢开，这样我能阅读我们所路过的路标。2). 动词，标签名，签字。It all begins here, by signing up to join an organization.所有的一切至此开始，只要你报名参加某一组织。The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations sig

31、ned off for the night.这电视机用起来真棒以至于我到家就打开它一直到电视台到晚间说再见的时候。3).词形变化：signal 信号， signature 签字，签名，significant 重要的(签名说明很重要)，significance 重要性advance1). 名词，前进，进步The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designedto move more people, and more

32、 affordably.即将出现的科技进步给城市和国家提供了机会去研发出载客更多更经济的出行系统。Advance reservations required.请提前预定。Booking two months in advance.要提前 2 个月预订。2). 动词， 前进，向前Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.科学家已经提出好多关于为什么人类要哭泣的理论，但是没有一项是被证实的。Thanks to the advanced

33、technology, we live in an age of bettered communication.多亏了先进技术，我们才生活在一个交流更便捷的时代。QuitSusan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.Susan 放弃了她的高薪工作，当我去年看她的时候她正在附近的某个区域做志愿者。The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was

34、quitting.那项任务如此的艰巨以至于 Steve 又气又怒地说他要放弃了。be responsible for本次词汇要关注的是搭配和词形变化。But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.但是一些幻想家也催生了人类历史上的某些伟大想法和成就。They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.他们不得不去承担他们不该负责的后果。And she said socia

35、l media companies must also take more responsibility.她还说媒体机构还应该承担更多的责任。It is important to stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.强调在工作中承担责任的必要性是很重要的。SolutionIn this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness.在这种时候，最好的解决方案就是发一个快速

36、的、轻松的道歉去解释你的尴尬。Schedule1). 名词：形成，安排，I hope Ive given you a clear idea of the schedule for your London weekend.我希望我已经对您周末伦敦的形成说的很清楚。Afree schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183.你打票房电话 556-4183 就可以得到每一期免费的活动安排时间表。The building was completed three months ahea

37、d of schedule.大楼提前 3 个月完工。By late November the weapons had arrived on schedule.到 11 月底这批武器如期运来。2). 动词：安排Pamelas report is not finished as scheduled.Pamela 的报告没有如期完成。The game is scheduled for/on Saturday.比赛安排在周六举行。Adventure1). 名词：冒险I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.我等不急要再尝试一次这样的冒险。You m

38、ight also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.你还可以设计一次冒险类挑战去训练那些年轻的志愿者。2). 动词：冒险As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story the Endurance,adventuring was eventhen a thoroughly commercial effort.正如作家 Caroline Alexander 在她极具说服力、精心研究的小说耐力中所阐明的，

39、冒险在当时也完全是一种商业行为。Expert1). 名词Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create anappealing piece of art.任何一场既定的演出，都需要一个合作团队，包括艺术家、艺术指导、策划、音乐人或作家来创作出一件有感染力的作品。2). 动词(少见，略)3). 形容词They ate three meals regularly every day. They were exper

40、t at cooking meals.他们每天按时吃 3 顿饭。他们非常精于烹饪。They are all expert in this field. 在这一领域他们都很专业。Attract1). 动词Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.体育俱乐部的老板们会花重金吸引最棒的运动员。Young birds are often attracted to the warm road surface and get killed by the traffic.幼鸟经常受到温暖路面的吸引而被车辆辗轧而亡。2

41、). 形容词：attractiveWere all well aware of how dressing up in different ways can make us feel more attractive, sporty or professional,depending on the clothes we wear.我们都非常清楚，不同的穿戴会让我们看起来更具魅力、更有有活力或更职业化，这取决于我们所穿的服饰类型。Make their programmes attractive to people.让他们的活动变得更具吸引力。The natural beauty isnt attra

42、ctive to them.自然美景对他们毫无吸引力。3). 名词 attractionBut for tourists like me, pandas are its top attraction.但是对于像我这样的游客来说，熊猫是最大的吸引。Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.现在这个曾经的皇家宫殿作为一个主要的旅游景点向公众开放。4). 构词法Boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted.(使心烦

43、意乱)男孩子能够集中精力学习而不被分心。I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.（abstrac 分心的，抽象的）我认为任何抽象事物都留有让人去探讨的余地。focus on1). 动词：精力集中到什么上。Curriculums - from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity andcomplex communication.所有的课程从语法学校到大学，都应

44、该发研发课出少侧重记忆而多重于创造力和复杂交际方面的课程来。Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.因为一直紧张，所以我不能让自己的注意力一次性集中超过一小时。2). 名词：聚焦Theres a new frontier in 3D printing thats beginning to come into focus: food.人们的聚焦正集中在 3D 打印行业的一个新事物上：食品打印。addicted toHes so addicted to it that he

45、 just cant stand the idea that there may be an important text.他对此如此的强迫以至于他绝对无法忍受漏读一条重要信息的想法。 、Anderson believed that the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TV.Anderson 认为，越聪明的孩子，越不会对电视上瘾。They all share a common addictionfood that is not just spicy, but not enough to make your mo

46、uth burn, your head spinand your eyes water.他们都有个一个共同的癖好，那就是食物一定要辣，但是又不至于辣到嘴巴冒火、辣得直摇头、辣得泪水直流。第二部分：重点短语live a_ life过着_样的生活clean up打扫give directions指引方向be suitable for对什么合适prepare for为什么而准备take a course学某一课程hand out给出keep up with跟上be prepared for准备好做什么on ones own独立face the challenge面对挑战make a workable

47、 schedule列出可行计划play the violin拉小提琴be completely lost完全迷失于at the camp在学校survival skills求生技能make a fire升火give a speech做演讲、报告present your idea to把你的想法说给谁get started开始in the wild在野外ask for advice征询意见make suggestions提建议give feedback on对什么反馈read something to sb.把什么读给谁听enjoy pop music喜欢流行音乐work out想出，计算出fa

48、ll behind落下drop out of school辍学make the most of充分利用set up建立be grateful for感激meeting time见面时间in the suburbs在郊区graduate from毕业于a private school私立学校look through浏览grow up长大第三部分：重要句子1.I am wondering which one I should choose.本句要掌握 wonder 的用法：后面经常接宾语从句 If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Sa

49、turday could sound _(wonder). wonderful Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare _(wonder).wonder You may wonder _ paving(铺砌)a road can lead to less useable fresh water.(how) No doubt he wonders _ he wasnt happier in his village working his own land.whether here is no poolside noise

50、here but just that _(wonderfully) warm, clear blue sea.wonderfully No_ it ranks as the worlds most body-conscious country.wonder2.Actually, l like acting better.Obviously, I was unhappy.这两个句子要掌握的是副词引导句子做上下句的承接， 阅读中随处可见。例如：1). Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her attitude.2). Sadl