1、现在完成时教学设计现在完成时教学设计(一)(一)教材分析:教材分析:本课为初三年级语法复习课,在已经复习完动词一般现在时,本课为初三年级语法复习课,在已经复习完动词一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时和过去进行时的基础上,进一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时和过去进行时的基础上,进行动词时态中最重要的现在完成时的复习。课时分配为两节讲练结行动词时态中最重要的现在完成时的复习。课时分配为两节讲练结合课和两节专项练习课。本课为讲练结合课的第一课时。合课和两节专项练习课。本课为讲练结合课的第一课时。(二)学情分析:(二)学情分析:学生在初二年级学习过现在完成时后,一直没有进行过系统的学生在
2、初二年级学习过现在完成时后,一直没有进行过系统的复习。在前阶段的语法复习中能够看出来学生的对于该语法项目遗复习。在前阶段的语法复习中能够看出来学生的对于该语法项目遗忘程度比较严重。而现在完成时在中考中的地位较高,是单选的每忘程度比较严重。而现在完成时在中考中的地位较高,是单选的每年必考的项目,所以针对学生的现状和考试的要求,都要在该时态年必考的项目,所以针对学生的现状和考试的要求,都要在该时态复习时下一番功夫。复习时下一番功夫。(三)教学目标(三)教学目标 1.1.熟练掌握现在完成时的构成及含义熟练掌握现在完成时的构成及含义2.2.现在完成时态的两个用法现在完成时态的两个用法3.3.现在完成时
3、与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(四)教学重点:(四)教学重点:现在完成时的两种基本用法。现在完成时的两种基本用法。(五)教学难点:(五)教学难点:1.1.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。2.have been to, have gone to 和和 have been in 的用法。的用法。3.3.非延续性动词的延续性用法非延续性动词的延续性用法(六)(六)媒体准备媒体准备a project,some slides(七)教学方法(七)教学方法多媒体辅助教学,任务型教学法多媒体辅助教学,任务型教学法(八)教学流程(八)教学流程导入(导入(Leading
4、) When you are going to water the plants, you find they have been watered . You dont know who watered them and when they were watered. You ask:S: Have you watered the plants? T: -Yes, I_. So you dont need to water them. S: -When did you water them?T: -I _them 20 minutes ago. 考点解读:近三年的命题规律发现,现在完成时态的考
5、查部分考点解读:近三年的命题规律发现,现在完成时态的考查部分主要分布在单项选择、完形填空及短文填空这三大题型中,主要分布在单项选择、完形填空及短文填空这三大题型中,20172017 年年无单选,无单选, 预计在语法型完形填空预计在语法型完形填空 也会也会 针对高频考点针对高频考点 进行出题。进行出题。导图:导图:用法一用法一 1 层层: just already yet 2 层层; before ever never once( twice、 three times) have/has been to+某地某地 have/has gone to+某地某地 have/has been in /a
6、t+某地某地 用法二用法二 since for 呈现(呈现(Presentation)I. Step 1现在完成时的构成:现在完成时的构成:肯定句:主语肯定句:主语+have/has+done(当主语是第三人称单数时用当主语是第三人称单数时用 has,其,其余人称用余人称用 have)否定句:主语否定句:主语+ have/has+not +V(过去分词)(过去分词) 即:即: have+not/has+not=havent/hasnt一般疑问句:一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语主语+V(过去分词)(过去分词)?回答:回答:Yes,主语主语+ have/has . No,主语主语+ haven
7、t/hasnt II. Step 2用法一用法一:表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。:表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 1 层层 表表“完成完成”,用一个字,用一个字“了了”代表,副词常用代表,副词常用 just already yet 2 层层 表表“经验经验”,用一个字,用一个字“过过”代表,副词常用代表,副词常用 before ever never once( twice、 three times) 1 层层: already“已经已经”常用于肯定句(句中或句末),常用于肯定句(句中或句末),yet 常用于否定常用于否定句句 “还还”和一般疑问句和一般疑问句
8、“已经已经”(都位于句末)。(都位于句末)。 just“刚、刚刚刚、刚刚”(位于句中)(位于句中) I have already had breakfast. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet? He has just left. My grandmother has already watered the plants.2 层:层:before 以前以前 ever 曾经曾经 never 从没有从没有 once 一次一次( twice 两次两次,three times 三次三次)他过去从未开过车。他过去从未开过车。 H
9、e has never driven a car before. 那样的事以前没有发生过。那样的事以前没有发生过。 Such things havent happened before. 这首歌我们已经唱了两遍这首歌我们已经唱了两遍 We have sung the song twice. 你曾经喂过动物吗?你曾经喂过动物吗? Have you ever fed the animals. Practice1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework. 3
10、. Ive _ had some photos taken. 我刚照了几张相。我刚照了几张相。 4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”注意注意 have/has been to+某地某地(去过某地去过某地) have/has gone to+某地某地(去了某地去了某地) have/has been in /at+某地某地+for+一段时间一段时间(在某地待了多长时间在某地待了多长时间) She has been abroad twic
11、e. -Where is she? -She has gone to Europe. He has never been to Shanghai . He has gone home. The boy has been there for 3 days. -How long have you been in this town? -I have been here since 7 years ago.III. Step 3现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时与一般过去时两个动作都发生在过去,现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生
12、在过去却对现在造成的影响不强调时间;而一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的动作/状态。 【根本的区别就是:过去的时间状语不能用于现在完成时,根本的区别就是:过去的时间状语不能用于现在完成时,包括疑问词包括疑问词 when。】(用数轴的形式来理解区别,更直观形象,更易接受,符合初中生学习的心理特点)改错:改错: I have fed the dog just now. ( ) ( ) When have you seen this film? ( ) ( )IV. Step 4用法二用法二:表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在,有可能继表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在,有可能继续。常与一段
13、的时间连用。(由介词续。常与一段的时间连用。(由介词 for 和和 since 表示,其他的副词表示,其他的副词有有 recently 近来近来, in the past/last few years 在过去的几年里,在过去的几年里,so far到目前为止到目前为止)For+一段时间一段时间(for two years, for a long time) + 过去的时间(过去的时间(last year, two years ago, 2015,yesterday) since +时间状语从句时间状语从句(一般过去时态)一般过去时态) It +is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since
14、 的用法的用法 当堂训练 用用 for 或或 since 填空填空1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 1999 5._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7._an hour 8._ she left here 9. Ive known him _ we were children. 10. Our teacher has studied Japanese _three years. 11. Its about ten years _ she left the city. (这种归纳总结在语法教学中屡试不爽,反应也还比较快,
15、效果可见一斑)V. Step 51.短暂性动词和延续性动词短暂性动词和延续性动词延续性动词:延续性动词:teach, live, stay, have, stand, play, sleep, write短暂性动词短暂性动词: go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, get up, open, close, die, marry, borrow, buy, join【短暂性动词不能和表示一段的时间状短暂性动词不能和表示一段的时间状语连用。包括疑问词语连用。包括疑问词 how long 】2.用表示延续的动词代替短暂性动词用表示延续的动词代替短暂性动词go/
16、come/arrive-be in/at(去去/来来/到达到达); leave-be away(from)(离开离开);begin/startbe on(开始开始); get upbe up(起床起床); openbe open(打开打开); closebe closed(关关); diebe dead(死死); marrybe married(结婚结婚);borrowkeep(借阅借阅); buyhave(买买); joinbe in+团体团体/be amember(参加参加)当堂训练当堂训练1. The old man _ last year. He has _ _ for a year.
17、 (die) (动词填空)(动词填空) 2. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换同义句转换) Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago. 3. My brother joined the Army three years ago. My brother _ _ _the Army _ three years ago. My brother _ _ a solider _ three years.4.这本书我可以借阅多长时间?这本书我可以借阅多长时间? _ _have I _ the book? 直击中考直击中考1.(2016 天津)天津)-W
18、hat a nice watch! How long _you_it? -For just two weeks. A. will; buy B. have;had C. were; having D. did;buy 2. (2016 重庆)重庆)I _the History Museum twice. Ive learned a lot there. A. visit B. am visiting C. have visited D. Will visit 3. (2016 齐齐哈尔齐齐哈尔) He_the city since he graduated from college. A. h
19、as left B. left C. has been away from D. leaves 4. (2016 陕西陕西)My mother _a good example for me since I was young. A. was B. has been C. will be D. is 5.(2016 上海)上海)This medicine _ million of peoples lives since it was put into use. A. is saving B. will save C. had saved D. has savedSummary用法一用法一 1 层
20、层: just already yet 2 层层; before ever never once( twice、 three times) have/has been to+某地某地 have/has gone to+某地某地 have/has been in /at+某地某地 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 用法二用法二 since for 用延续性动词用延续性动词 表示短暂性动词表示短暂性动词Homework完成终结性练习完成终结性练习 P133-134*兴平市兴平市When you are going to water the plants, you find
21、they have been watered . You dont know who watered them and when they were watered. You ask:S: -Have you watered the plants?T: -Yes, I_.You dont have to water them.S: -When did you water them?T: -I _them a moment ago.havewatered 近三年的命题规律发现,现在近三年的命题规律发现,现在完成时态的考查部分主要分布在完成时态的考查部分主要分布在单项选择、完形填空及短文填空单项选
22、择、完形填空及短文填空这三大题型中,这三大题型中,2017年无单选,年无单选, 预计在语法型完形填空预计在语法型完形填空 会针对高频考点会针对高频考点 进行出题。进行出题。现现在在完完成成时时用法一用法一1层层: just already yet 2层层; before ever never once( twice、 three times) have/has been to+某地某地 have/has gone to+某地某地 have/has been in /at+某地某地 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 用法二用法二since for用延续性动词用延续性动词
23、表示短暂性动词表示短暂性动词 现在完成时现在完成时构成:构成:助动词助动词have/has +V(过去分词)(过去分词) 肯定句:肯定句: 否定句:否定句: 一般疑问句:一般疑问句: 主语主语+ have/has +V(过去分词)(过去分词) 主语主语+ have/has+not +V(过去分词)(过去分词)(have+not/has+not=havent/hasnt)Have/Has+主语主语+V(过去分词)(过去分词)?Yes,主语主语+ have/has . No,主语主语+ havent/hasnt 现在完成时现在完成时 用法一:表示过去发生或完成的动作对用法一:表示过去发生或完成的动
24、作对现在造成的影响或结果。现在造成的影响或结果。 1层层 表表“完成完成”,用一个字,用一个字“了了”代表代表,副词常用,副词常用 just already yet 2层层 表表“经验经验”,用一个字,用一个字“过过”代表代表,副词常用,副词常用 before ever never once( twice、 three times) I have already had breakfast. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet? He has just left. 1层层: already“已经已经”常用于肯定句(句中或
25、常用于肯定句(句中或句末),句末),yet常用于否定句常用于否定句 “还还”和一般疑问句和一般疑问句“已经已经”(都位于句末)。(都位于句末)。 just“刚、刚刚刚、刚刚”(位于句中)(位于句中)2层:层:before 以前以前 ever 曾经曾经 never从没有从没有 once一次一次( twice两次两次,three times三次三次) 他他以前以前从未开过车。从未开过车。 He has never driven a car before. 这首歌我们已经唱了两遍这首歌我们已经唱了两遍 We have sung the song twice. 你曾经喂过动物吗?你曾经喂过动物吗? H
26、ave you ever fed the animals?Practice(用用already just yet never ever 填空)填空)1.Ihave_seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_finishedhishomework.3. Ive _ had some photos taken. 我刚照了我刚照了几张相。几张相。 4.“Haveyou_seenthefilm?”“No,I have_seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_?” “Yes,ithas_ left.”neveralready just ever
27、 never yetalready/just have/has been to+某地某地(去过某地去过某地) have/has gone to+某地某地(去了某地去了某地) have/has been in /at+某地某地+for+ 一段时间一段时间(在某地待了多长时间在某地待了多长时间) She has been abroad twice. -Where is she? -She has gone to Europe. He has never been to Shanghai . He has gone home. The boy has been there for 3 days. -
28、How long have you been in this town? -I have been here since 7 years ago.注注意意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时两个动作都发生在过现在完成时与一般过去时两个动作都发生在过去,现在完成时指过去的动作对现在的影响,不去,现在完成时指过去的动作对现在的影响,不强调时间;而一般过去时强调过去时间发生的动强调时间;而一般过去时强调过去时间发生的动作。作。【根本的区别就是:过去的时间状语不能用于现根本的区别就是:过去的时间状语不能用于现在完成时,包括疑问词在完成时,包括疑问词when。】
29、 改错:改错: I have fed the dog just now. ( )( ) When have you seen this film? ( ) ( )have fed fedhave you seen did you see 现现在在完完成成时时用法二用法二:表示动作发生在过去,并且一直表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在,有可能继续。常与一段的时持续到现在,有可能继续。常与一段的时间连用。(由介词间连用。(由介词for和和since表示,其他表示,其他的副词有的副词有recently近来近来, in the past/last few years在过去的几年里,在过去的几年里,
30、so far到目前为止到目前为止) For+一段时间一段时间(for two years, for a long time) + 过去的时间(过去的时间(last year, two since years ago, 2015,yesterday) +时间状语从句时间状语从句(一般过去时态)一般过去时态) It +is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since的用法的用法1._twoyears2._twoyearsago3._lastmonth4._19995._yesterday6._4oclock7._anhour 8.Iveknownhim_wewerechildren.9.Our
31、teacherhasstudiedJapanese_ threeyears.10.Itsabouttenyears_sheleft thecity.用用for或或since填空填空forsincesincesincesincesinceforsince forsince当堂训练当堂训练短暂性动词和延续性动词短暂性动词和延续性动词 延续性动词:延续性动词:teach,live,stay,have,stand,play,sleep,write 短暂性动词短暂性动词:go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,getup,open,close,die,marry,borrow,
32、buy,join短暂性动词不能和表示一段短暂性动词不能和表示一段的时间状语连用。包括疑问词的时间状语连用。包括疑问词how long用表示延续的动词代替短暂性动词用表示延续的动词代替短暂性动词go/come/arrive-be in/at(去去/来来/到达到达);leave-be away(from)(离开离开);begin/startbe on(开始开始); get upbe up(起起床床); openbe open(打开打开); closebe closed(关关); diebe dead(死死); marrybe married(结婚结婚);borrowkeep(借阅借阅); buyh
33、ave(买买); joinbe in+团体团体/be amember(参加参加)1.Theoldman_lastyear.Hehas _ _forayear.(die)(动词填空)(动词填空)2.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换同义句转换)MissGaohas_ anhourago.3. My brother joined the Army three years ago.My brother _ _ _the Army _ three years ago. My brother _ _ a solider _ three years.4.这本书我可以借阅多长时间?这本书
34、我可以借阅多长时间? _ _have I _ the book?diedbeen deadbeen away since has been insincehas been forHow longkept当当堂堂训训练练直击中考直击中考1.(2016天津)天津)-What a nice watch! How long _you_it? -For just two weeks. A. will; buy B. have;had C. were; having D. did;buy 2. (2016重庆)重庆)I _the History Museum twice. Ive learned a lo
35、t there. A. visit B. am visiting C. have visited D. Will visit 3. (2016齐齐哈尔齐齐哈尔) He_the city since he graduated from college. A. has left B. left C. has been away from D. leaves 4. (2016陕陕西西)My mother _a good example for me since I was young. A. was B. has been C. will be D. is5.(2016上海)上海)This medi
36、cine _ million of peoples lives since it was put into use. A.is saving B. will save C. had saved D. has saved BDCCB用法一用法一1层层: just already yet 2层层; before ever never once( twice、 three times) have/has been to+某地某地 have/has gone to+某地某地 have/has been in /at+某地某地 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 用法二用法二since for 用延续性动词用延续性动词 表示短暂性动词表示短暂性动词完成终结性评价完成终结性评价P133-1342017.5
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